Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of Heavy Metals on Soil Enzyme Activities

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Soil Heavy Metals

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 19))

Abstract

The pollution of the soil with heavy metals is one of the worst legacies of our intensive agricultural–industrial activities, and it negatively affects various characteristics of the soil, including soil enzyme activities. Soil enzymes are natural molecules that catalyze soil microbial reactions and mainly originate from microorganisms and plants. Since enzyme activities play fundamental roles in soil chemical and biological reactions, their inhibition by heavy metals has received considerable attention and has been well documented by many researchers over the last few decades. The activities of soil enzymes have often been proposed as sensitive indicators of important microbial reactions involved in nutrient cycles and they respond to changes in the soil caused by natural or anthropogenic factors. In this regard, soil enzyme activities are often used to evaluate the impact of human activity on soil life. The purpose of this chapter is thus to emphasis some facts, hypotheses, and probabilities, as well as the results of research into the relationships between soil enzymes and heavy metals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abubakr S, Macmi SL, Nanny MA, Duncan KE (2008) Enzymatic transformation of humic substances by NDO. Soil Biol Biochem 40:2055–2062

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Acosta-Martinez V, Tabatabai MA (2001) Arylamidase activity in soils: effect of trace elements and relationships to soil properties and activities of amidohyrolases. Soil Biol Biochem 33:17–23

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahn MY, Martinez CE, Archibald DD, Zimmerman AR, Bollag JM, Dec J (2006) Transformation of catechol in the presence of a laccase and birnessite. Soil Biol Biochem 38:1015–1020

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • AL-Khafaji AA, Tabatabai MA (1979) Effect of trace elements on arylsulfatase activity in soils. Soil Sci 127:129–133

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson T, Domsch KH (1989) Ratios of microbial biomass carbon to total organic carbon in arable soils. Soil Biol Biochem 21:471–479

    Google Scholar 

  • Aoyama M, Naguma T (1996) Factors affecting microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity in apple orchard soils with heavy metal accumulation. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 42:821–831

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baath E (1989) Effects of heavy metals in soil on microbial processes and populations (a review). Water Air Soil Pollut 47:335–379

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babich H, Bewley RJF, Stotzky G (1983) Application of the ecological dose concept to the impact of heavy metals on some microbe-mediated ecological processes in soil. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 12:421–426

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balyaeva ON, Haynes RJ, Birukova OA (2005) Barley yield and soil microbial and enzyme activities as affected by contamination of two soils with lead, zinc or copper. Biol Fertil Soils 41:85–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandick AK, Dick RP (1999) Field management effects on soil enzyme activities. Soil Biol Biochem 31:1471–1479

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Begonia MT, Begonia GB, Miller G, Gillard D, Young C (2004) Phosphatase activity and populations of microorganisms from cadmium- and lead-contaminated soils. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 73:1025–1032

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharyya P, Tripathy S, Chakrabarti K, Chakraborty A, Banik P (2008) Fractionation and bioavailability of metals and their impacts on microbial properties in sewage irrigated soil. Chemosphere 72:543–550

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharyya P, Tripathy S, Kim K, Kim S (2007) Arsenic fractions and enzyme activities in arsenic-contaminated soils by groundwater irrigation in West Bengal. Ecotox Environ Safe . doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.08.015

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd SA, Mortland MM (1990) Enzyme interactions with clays and clay-organic matter complexes. In: Bollag JM, Stotzky G (eds) Soil Biochemistry. Marcel Dekker, NewYork, pp 1–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Burns RG (1978) Enzyme activity in soil: some theoretical and practical considerations. In: Burns RG (ed) Soil Enzymes. Academic Press, New York, pp 295–340

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell IM (1988) Catalysis at surfaces. Chapman and Hall, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell PN, Smith AD (1993) Biochemistry illustrated: an illustrated summary of the subject for medical and other students of Biochemistry, Chp 3. Logman Singapore Publishers, Singapore, pp 55–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Carine F, Enrique A, Steven C (2008) Metal effects on phenol oxidase activities of soils. Ecotox Environ Safe . doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.03.08

    Google Scholar 

  • Cayuela ML, Mondini C, Sanchez-Monedero MA, Roig A (2008) Chemical properties and hydrolytic enzyme activities for the characterization of two-phase olive mill wastes composting. Bioresour Technol 99:4255–4262

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ceccanti B, Doni S, Macci C, Cercignani G, Masciandaro G (2008) Characterization of stable humic-enzyme complexes of different soil ecosystem through analytical isoelectric focussing technique (IEF). Soil Biol Biochem . doi:10.1016/j.soilbio. 2008.02.004

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaperon S, Sauve S (2007) Toxicity interaction of metals (Ag, Cu, Hg, Zn) to urease and dehydrogenase activities in soils. Soil Biol Biochem 39:2329–2338

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen CL, Liao M, Huang CY (2005) Effect of combined pollution by heavy metals on soil enzymatic activities in areas polluted by tailings from Pb-Zn-Ag mine. J Environ Sci 17:637–640

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen TH (1987) Cadmium soil sorption at low concentrations: VI. a model for zinc competition. Water Air Soil Pollut 34:305–314

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Commission of the European Communities (CEC) (1986) Council directive on the protection of the environment and in particular of the soil when sewage sludge is used in agriculture. Official J Europen Comminication L181:6–12

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Ascoli R, Rao MA, Adamo P, Renella G, Landi L, Rutigliano FA, Terribile F, Gianfreda L (2006) Impact of river overflowing on trace element contamination of volcanic soils in South Italy: Part II. Soil biological and biochemical properties in relation to trace element speciation. Environ Pollut 144:317–326

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dar GH (1996) Effects of cadmium and sewage-sludge on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities. Bioresour Technol 56:141–145

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fliessch RA, Martens R, Reber HH (1994) Soil microbial biomass and microbial activity in soils treated with heavy metal contaminated sewage sludge. Soil Biol Biochem 26:1201–1205

    Google Scholar 

  • de Mora AP, Ortega-Calvo JJ, Gabrera F, Madejon E (2005) Changes in enzyme activities and microbial after “in situ” remediation of a heavy metal-contaminated soil. Appl Soil Ecol 28:125–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Dick RP (1997) Soil enzyme activities as integrative indicators of soil health. In: Pankhurst CE, Doube BM, Gupta VVSR (eds) Biological ındicators of soil health. CAB International, New York, pp 121–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Dick WA, Tabatabai MA (1992) Significance and potential uses of soil enzymes. In: Meeting FB Jr (ed) Soil microbial ecology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 95–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Doelman P, Haanstra L (1986) Short-term and long-term effects of heavy metals on urease activity in soils. Biol Fertil Soils 2:213–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Dong LH, Yang JS, Yuan HL, Wang ET, Chen WX (2008) Chemical characteristics and influences of two fractions of Chinese lignite humic acids on urease. Eur J Soil Biol 44:166–171

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dungan RS, Frankenberger WT Jr (2002) Enzyme-mediated transformations of heavy metals/metalloids. In: Burns RG, Dick RP (eds) Enzymes in the environment. Marcel Dekker, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Dussault M, Becaert V, Francois M, Sauve S, Deschenes L (2008) Effect of copper on soil functional stability measured by relative soil stability index (RSSI) based on two enzyme activities. Chemosphere 72:755–762

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Effron D, de la Horra AM, Defrieri RL, Fontanive V, Palma PM (2004) Effect of cadmium, copper, and lead on different enzyme activities in a native forest soil. Comm Soil Sci Plant Anal 35:1309–1321

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eick MJ, Peak JD, Brady PV, Pesek JD (1999) Kinetics of lead absorption/desorption on geothite: residence time effect. Soil Sci 164:28–39

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ekenler M, Tabatabai MA (2002) Effects of trace elements on β-glucosaminidase activity in soils. Soil Biol Biochem 34:1829–1832

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esminger LE, Gieseking SE (1942) Resistance of clay-adsorbed proteins to proteolytic hydrolysis. Soil Sci 53:205–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Esterbauer H, Hayn M, Abuja PM Claeyssens M (1991) Structure of cellulolytic enzymes. In: Leatham GF, Himmel ME (eds) Enzymes in biomass conversion. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 301–312

    Google Scholar 

  • Follmer C, Carlini CR (2005) Effects of chemical modification of histidines on the copper-induced oligomerization of jack bean urease (E C 3.5.1.5). Arch Biochem Biophys 435:15–20

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankenberger WT, Tabatabai MA (1980) Soil Sci Soc Am J 44:532–536

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankenberger WT, Tabatabai MA (1981) Amidase activity in soils IV. Effects of trace elements and pesticides. Soil Sci Soc Am J 45:1120–1124

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fusi P, Ristori GG, Calamai L, Stotzky G (1989) Adsorption and binding of protein on “clean” (homoionic) and “dirty” (coated with Fe oxyhydroxides) montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite. Soil Biol Biochem 21:911–920

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geiger G, Brandi H, Furner G, Schulin R (1998) The effect of copper on the activity of cellulase and β-glucosidase in the presence of montmorillonite or Al-montmorillonite. Soil Biol Biochem 30:1537–1544

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gianfreda L, Bollag JM (1996) Influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on enzyme activity in soil. In: Stotzky G, Bollag JM (eds) Soil biochemistry, vol 9. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 123–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Gianfreda L, Rao MA, Violante A (1991) Invertase (β-fructosidase): effects of montmorillonite, Al-hydroxide and Al(OH)x-montmorillonite complex on activity and kinetic properties. Soil Biol Biochem 23:581–587

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes HBH (1991) Concepts of the origins, composition and structures of humic substances. In: Wilson WS (ed) Advances in soil organic matter research: the impact on agriculture and the environment. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, pp 3–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemida SK, Omar SA, Abdel-Mallek AY (1997) Microbial populations and enzyme activity in soil treated with heavy metals. Water Air Soil Pollut 95:13–22

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinojosa MB, Carreira JA, Garcia-Ruiz R (2004) Soil moisture pre-treatment effects on enzyme activities as indicators of heavy metal-contamiated and reclaimed soils. Soil Biol Biochem 36:1559–1568

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinojosa MB, Carreira JA, Rodriguez-Moroto JM, Garcia-Ruiz R (2008) Effects of pyrite sludge pollution on soil enzyme activities: ecological dose-response model. Sci Total Environ 396:89–99

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Q, Shindo H (2000) Effects of copper on the activity and kinetics of free and immobilized acid phosphatase. Soil Biol Biochem 32:1885–1892

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Z, Min H, Lu Z, Jin W, Yuan H (2006) Study on the effects of mono-contamination of Cu2+ and Cd2+ on enzyme activities in flooded paddy soil. J Zhejiang Univ (Agric and Life Sci) 32:557–562

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Irha N, Slet J, Petersell V (2003) Effect of heavy metals and PAH on soil assessed via dehydrogenase assay. Environ Int 28:779–782

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jimenez JJ, Cepeda A, Decaens T, Oberson A, Friesen DK (2003) Phosphorus fractions and dynamics in surface earthworm casts under native and improved grasslands in a Colombian Savanna Oxisol. Soil Biol Biochem 35:715–727

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juma NG, Tabatabai MA (1977) Effects of trace elements on phosphatase activity in soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 41:343–346

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H (2001) Trace elements in soils and plants, 2nd edn. CRS Press, Boca Raton, FL

    Google Scholar 

  • Kabata-Pendias A, Sadurski W (2004) Trace elements and compounds in soil. In: Merian E, Anke M, Ihnat M, Stoepppler M (eds) Elements and their compounds in the environment, 2nd edn. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 79–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Karaca A, Haktanir K, Kizilkaya R (2000) The effect of lead and cadmium compounds on soil catalase enzyme activity. Proceedings of International symposium on desertification (ISD), 416–421, 13–17 June, 2000, Konya, Turkey

    Google Scholar 

  • Karaca A, Naseby D, Lynch J (2002) Effect of cadmium-contamination with sewage sludge and phosphate fertiliser amendments on soil enzyme activities, microbial structure and available cadmium. Biol Fert Soil 35:435–440

    Google Scholar 

  • Karaca A (2004) Effect of organic wastes on the extractability of cadmium, copper, nickel and, zinc in soil. Geoderma 122:297–305

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karaca A, Turgay C, Tamer N (2006) Effects of a humic deposit (Gyttja) on soil chemical and microbiological properties and heavy metal availability. Biol Fertil Soil 42:585–592

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kahkonen MA, Lankinen P, Hatakka A (2008) Hydrolytic and lignolytic enzyme activities in the Pb contaminated soil inoculated with litter-decomposing fungi. Chemosphere 72:708–714

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan S, Cao Q, Hesham AEL, Xia Y, He J (2007) Soil enzymatic activities and microbial community structure with different application rates of Cd and Pb. J Environ Sci 19:834–840

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kizilkaya R (2008) Dehydrogenase activity in Lumbricus terrestris casts and surrounding soil affected by addition of different organic wastes and Zn. Bioresour Technol 99:946–953

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kizilkaya R, Bayrakli B (2005) Effects of N-enriched sewage sludge on soil enzyme activities. App Soil Ecol 30:192–202

    Google Scholar 

  • Krajewska B, Zaborska W, Chudy M (2004) Multi-step analysis of Hg2+ ion inhibition of jack bean urease. J Inorg Biochem 98:1160–1168

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurti GSR (2000) Speciation of heavy metals: an approach for remediation of contaminated soils. In: Wise DL (ed) Remediation engineering of contaminated soils. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 693–713

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunito T, Saeki K, Goto S, Hayashi H, Oyaizu H, Matsumoto S (2001) Copper and zinc fractions affecting microorganisms in long-term sludge-amended soils. Bioresour Technol 79:135–146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuperman RG, Carreiro MM (1997) Soil heavy metal concentrations, microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a contaminated grassland ecosystem. Soil Biol Biochem 29:179–190

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landi L, Renella G, Moreno JL, Falchini L, Nannipieri P (2000) Influence of cadmium on the metabolic quotient, L-, D-glutamic acid respiration ratio and enzyme activity, microbial biomass ratio under laboratory conditions. Biol Fertil Soil 32:8–16

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li WX, Zhang XX, Wu B, Sun SL, Chen YS, Pan WY, Zhao DY, Cheng SP (2008) A comparative analysis of environmental quality assessment methods for heavy metal-contaminated soils. Pedosphere 18:344–352

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liao M, Luo YK, Zhao XM, Huang CY (2005) Toxicity of cadmium to soil microbial biomass and its activity: effect of incubation time on Cd ecological dose in a paddy soil. J Zhejiang Univ Sci 6B:324–330

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lobartini JC, Tan KH, Pape C (1994) The nature of humic acid-apatite interaction products and their availability to plant growth. Comm Soil Sci Plant Anal 25:2355–2369

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz N, Hintemann T, Kramarewa T, Katayama A, Yasuta T, Marschner P, Kandeler E (2006) Response of microbial activity and microbial community composition, in soils to long-term arsenic and cadmium exposure. Soil Biol Biochem 38:1430–1437

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lothenbach B, Furrer G, Schulin R (1997) Adsorption of heavy metals by polynuclear aluminum and modified montmorillonite. Environ Sci Technol 31:1452–1462

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makoi JHJR, Ndakidemi PA (2008) Selected soil enzymes: examples of their potential roles in the ecosystem. Afr J Biotechnol 7:181–191

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maliszewska-Kordybach B, Smreczak B (2003) Habitat function of agricultural soils as affected by heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contamination. Environ Int 28:719–728

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malley C, Nair J, Ho G (2006) Impact of heavy metals on enzymatic activity of substrate and composting worms Eisenia fetida. Bioresour Technol 97:1498–1502

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathews CK, van Holde KE (1995) Biochemistry, 2nd edn. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, New York, pp 360–414

    Google Scholar 

  • McKnight DM, Scott DT, Himcir DC, Lovşey DR (2001) Photochemical and microbial processes influencing iron-humic interactions in stream and lake sediments. In: Clapp CE, Hayes MHB, Senesi N, Bloom PR, Jardine PM (eds) Humic substances and chemical contaminations. Madison, WI, pp 351–369

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikanova O (2006) Effects of heavy metals on some soil biological parameters. J Geochem Explor 88:220–223

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno JL, Garcia C, Landi L, Falchini L, Pietramellara G, Nannipieri P (2001) The ecological dose value (ED50) for assessing Cd toxicity on ATP content and DHA and urease activities of soil. Soil Biol Biochem 33:483–489

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munoz-Melendez G, Korre A, Parry SJ (2000) Influence of soil pH on the fraction of Cr, Cu and Zn in solid phases from a landfill site. Environ Pollut 110:497–504

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naidu R, Kookana RS, Rogers S, Bolan NS, Andriano D (2003) Bioavailability of metals in the soil-plant environment and its potential role in risk assessment. In: Naidu R, Gupta VVSR, Rogers S, Kokana RS, Bolan NS, Andriano D (eds) Bioavailability toxicity and risk relationship in ecosystems. Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, pp 46–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Nannipieri P (1994) The potential use of soil enzymes as indicators of productivity, sustainability and pollution. In: Pankhurst CE, Double BM, Gupta VVSR, Grace PP (eds) Soil biota management in sustainable farming systems. CSIRO, East Melbourne, VC, pp 238–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayak DR, Babu YJ, Adhya TK (2007) Long-term application of compost influences microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a tropical Aeric Endoaquept planted to rice under flooded condition. Soil Biol Biochem 39:1897–1906

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira A, Pampulha ME (2006) Effects of long-term heavy metal contamination on soil microbial characteristics. J Biosci Bioeng 102:157–161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pancholy SK, Rice EL, Turner JA (1975) Soil factors preventing revegetation of a denuded area near an abandoned zinc smelter in Oklahama. J Appl Ecol 12:337–342

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pascual JA, Hernandez T, Garcia C, Ayuso M (1998) Enzymatic activities in an arid soil amended with urban organic wastes: laboratory experiment. Bioresour Technol 64:131–138

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlikova D, Pavlik M, Staszkova L, Motyka V, Szakova J, Tlustos P, Balik J (2007) Glutamate kinase as a potential biomarker bof heavy metal stress in plants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf . doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.07.006

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pflug W (1982) Effect of clay minerals on the activity of polysaccharide cleaving soil enzymes. Z Pflanzenemahr Bodenk 145:493–502

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plaza C, Senesi N, Polo A, Brunetti G, Garcia-Gil JC, D’Orazio V (2003) Soil fulvic acid properties as a means to assess the use of pig slurry amendment. Soil Till Res 74:179–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Renella G, Egamberdiyeva D, Landi L, Mench M, Nannipieri P (2006) Microbial activity and hydrolase activities during decomposition of root exudates released by an artificial root surface in Cd-contaminated soils. Soil Biol Biochem 38:702–708

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Renella G, Landi L, Ascher J, Ceccherini MT, Pietramellara G, Mench M, Nannipieri P (2008) Long-term effects of aided phytostabilization of trace elements on microbial biomass and activity, enzyme activities, and composition of microbial community in the Jales contaminated mine spoils. Environ Pollut 152:702–712

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Renella G, Mench M, Landi L, Nannipieri P (2005) Microbial activity and hydrolase synthesis in long-term Cd-contaminated soils. Soil Biol Biochem 37:133–139

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Renella G, Ortigoza ALR, Landi L, Nannipieri P (2003) Additive effects of copper and zinc on cadmium toxicity on phosphatase activities and ATP content of soil as estimated by the ecological dose (ED50). Soil Biol Biochem 35:1203–1210

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez BB, Bolbot JA, Tothill IE (2004) Urease-glutamic dehydrogenase biosensor for screening heavy metals in water and soil samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 380:284–292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers JE, Li SW (1985) Effects of metals and other inorganic ions on soil microbial activity, soil dehydrogenase assay as a simple toxicity test. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 34:858–865

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samborska A, Stepniewska Z, Stepniewski W (2004) Influence of different oxidation states of Chromium (VI, III) on soil urease activity. Geoderma 122:317–322

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanadi DR (1982) Mitochondrial coupling factor B. Properties and role in ATP synthesis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 683:39–56

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Senwo ZN, Tabatabai MA (1999) Aspartase activity in soils: effects of trace elements and relationships to other amidohyrolases. Soil Biol Biochem 31:213–219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Serban A, Nissenbaum A (1986) Humic acid association with peroxidase and catalase. Soil Biol Biochem 18:41–44

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shah K, Dubey RS (1998) Cadmium elevates level of protein, aminoacids and alters activity of proteolytic enzymes in germinating rice seeds. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 20(2):189–196

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen G, Lu Y, Hang J (2006) Combined effect of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on urease activity in soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 63:474–480

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen G, Lu Y, Zhou Q, Hang J (2005) Interaction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals on soil enzyme. Chemosphere 61:1175–1182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sidari M, Ronzello G, Vecchio G, Muscolo A (2008) Influence of slope aspects on soil chemical and biochemical properties in a Pinus laricio forest ecosystem of Aspromonte (Southern Italy). Eur J Soil Biol . doi:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.05.001

    Google Scholar 

  • Simona C, Angela RF, Amalia VS (2004) Suitability of soil microbial parameters as indicators of heavy metal pollution. Water Air Soil Pollut 158:21–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Song J, Zhao FJ, Luo YM, McGrath SP, Zhang H (2004) Copper uptake by Elsholtzia splendens and Silene vulgaris and assessment of copper phytoavailability in contaminated soils. Environ Pollut 128:307–315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spalding BP (1979) Effects of divalent metal chlorides on respiration and extractable enzymatic activities of Douglas-Fir needle litter. J Environ Qual 8:105–109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Speir TW, Kettles HA, Parshotam A, Searle PL, Vlaar LNC (1999) Simple kinetic approach to determine the toxicity of As[V] to soil biological properties. Soil Biol Biochem 31:705–713

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson FJ (1994) Humus chemistry: genesis, composition, reactions. Wiley-Interscience, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Stott DE, Dick WA, Tabatabai MA (1985) Inhibition of pyrophosphatase activity in soils by trace elements. Soil Sci 139:112–117

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stryer L (1995) Biochemistry, 4th edn. W H Freeman and Company, New York, pp 181–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Tabatabai MA (1977) Effects of trace elements on urease activity in soils. Soil Biol Biochem 9:9–13

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tabatabai MA (1982) Soil enzymes. In: Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR (eds) Methods of soil analysis Part 2, Agronomy 9, 2nd edn. American Soceity of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp 903–947

    Google Scholar 

  • Tabatabai MA (1994) Soil enzymes. In Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. Microbiological and Biochemical properties, SSSA Book Series, no.5. Chp. 37

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamas L, Dudikova J, Durcekova K, Huttova J, Mistrik I, Zelinova V (2008) The impact of heavy metals on the activity of some enzymes along the barley root. Environ Exp Bot 62:86–91

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang SR, Wilke BM, Huang CY (1999) The uptake of copper by plants dominantly growing on copper mining spoils along the Yangtze river, the People’s Republic of China. Plant Soil 209:225–232

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor MD (1997) Accumulation of cadmium derived from fertilisers in New Zealand soils. Sci Total Environ 208:123–126

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teeri TT, Koivula A, Linder M, Reinikainen T, Ruohonrn L, Srisodsuk M, Claeyssens M, Jones TA (1995) Modes of action of two Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolases. In Petersen SB, Sevensson B, Pedersen S (Eds.) Carbohydrate bioengineering. pp. 211-225

    Google Scholar 

  • Tejada M, Moreno JL, Hernandez MT, Garcia C (2008) Soil amendments with organic wastes reduce the toxicity of nickel to soil enzyme activities. Eur J Soil Biol 44:129–140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tietjen T, Wetzel RG (2003) Extracelular enzyme-clay mineral complexes: enzyme adsorption, alteration of enzyme activity, and protection from photodegradation. Aquat Ecol 37:331–339

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trasar-Cepeda C, Leiros MC, Seoane S, Gill-Sotres F (2000) Limitations of soil enzymes as indicators of soil pollution. Soil Biol Biochem 32:1867–1875

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vig K, Megharaj M, Senthunathan N, Naidu R (2003) Bioavailability and toxicity of cadmium to microorganisms and their activities in soil: a review. Adv Environ Res 8:121–135

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Voet D, Voet JG (1995) Biochemistry: introduction to enzymes, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York, pp 332–344 Chp 12

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Li Q, Shi J, Lin Q, Chen X, Wu W, Chen Y (2008) Assessment of mi, crobial activity and bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere of a copper accumulator and a non-accumulator. Soil Biol Biochem 40:1167–1177

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Shi J, Lin Q, Chen X, Chen Y (2007a) Heavy metal availability and impact on activity of soil microorganisms along a Cu/Zn contamination gradient. J Environ Sci 19:848–853

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Shi I, Wang H, Lin Q, Chen X, Chen Y (2007b) The influence of soil heavy metals pollution on soil microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and community composition near a copper smelter. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 67:75–81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warren RAJ (1996) Engineering cellulases:catalysis, binding, and modules. ASM News 62:85–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood TM, Garcia-Campayo V (1990) Enzymology of cellulose degradation. Biodegradation 1:147–161

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woods MJ, Oris BA (1974) Biochem Soc Trans 2:1344–1346

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wyszkowska J, Kurcharski J, Lajszner W (2006) The effects of copper on soil biochemical properties and its interaction with other heavy metals. Polish J Environ Stud 15:927–934

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang C, Sun T, He W, Zhou Q, Chen S (2007a) Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease. J Environ Sci 19:210–216

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang R, Tang J, Chen X, Hu S (2007b) Effects of coexisting plant species on soil microbes and soil enzymes in metal lead contaminated soils. Appl Soil Ecol 37:240–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang Z, Liu S, Zheng D, Feng S (2006) Effects of cadmium, zinc, and lead on soil enzyme activities. J Environ Sci 18:1135–1141

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang ZX, Liu SG (2000) Effect of single element and compound pollution of Cd, Zn and Pb on soil enzyme activities. Soil Environ Sci 9:15–18

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng LS, Liao M, Chen CL, Huang CY (2007) Effects of lead contamination on soil enzymatic activities, microbial biomass, and rice physiological indices in soil-lead-rice (Oryza sativa L.) system. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 67:67–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang C, Huang L, Luan T, Jin J, Lan C (2006) Structure and function of microbial communities during the early stages of revegetation of barren soils in the vicinity of a Pb/Zn smelter. Geoderma 136:555–565

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Zhang H, Su Z, Zhang C (2008) Soil microbial characteristics under long-term heavy metal stres: a case study in Zhangshi wastewater ırrigation area, Shengyang. Pedosphere 18:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng CR, Tu C, Chen HM (1999) Effect of combined heavy metal pollution on nitrogen mineralization potential, urease and phosphatase activities in a Typic Udic Ferrisol. Pedosphere 9:251–258

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, Ankara University, Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey

    Ayten Karaca (Faculty of Agriculture) & Oguz Can Turgay (Faculty of Agriculture)

  2. Department of Soil Science, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey

    Sema Camci Cetin (Faculty of Agriculture)

  3. Department of Soil Science, Ondokuzmayis University, Samsun, Turkey

    Ridvan Kizilkaya (Faculty of Agriculture)

Authors
  1. Ayten Karaca
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sema Camci Cetin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Oguz Can Turgay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ridvan Kizilkaya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ayten Karaca .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Karaca, A., Cetin, S.C., Turgay, O.C., Kizilkaya, R. (2010). Effects of Heavy Metals on Soil Enzyme Activities. In: Soil Heavy Metals. Soil Biology, vol 19. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02436-8_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation