Abstract
This paper presents a set of methods and techniques for analysis and multidimensional visualisation of crime scenes in a German city. As a first step the approach implies spatio-temporal analysis of crime scenes. Against this background a GIS-based application is developed that facilitates discovering initial trends in spatio-temporal crime scene distributions even for a GIS untrained user. Based on these results further spatio-temporal analysis is conducted to detect variations of certain hotspots in space and time. In a next step these findings of crime scene analysis are integrated into a geovirtual environment. Behind this background the concept of the space-time cube is adopted to allow for visual analysis of repeat burglary victimisation. Since these procedures require incorporating temporal elements into virtual 3D environments, basic methods for 4D crime scene visualisation are outlined in this paper.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Chainey, S., Ratcliffe, J.: GIS and Crime Mapping. John Wiley & Sons Inc, Chichester (2005)
McCarthy, T., Ratcliffe, J.: Garbage in, garbage out: geocoding accuracy and spatial analysis of crime. In: Wang, F. (ed.) Geographic Information Systems and Crime Analysis, IGI Global (2005)
Ratcliffe, J.H.: The Hotspot Matrix: A Framework for the Spatio-Temporal Targeting of Crime Reduction, pp. 5–23. Routledge, New York (2004)
Boba, R.L.: Crime Analysis and Crime Mapping. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (2005)
McCullagh, M.J.: Detecting Hotspots in Time and Space. In: ISG 2006 (2006)
Bowers, K.J., Johnson, S.D., Pease, K.: Prospective Hot-Spotting The Future of Crime Mapping. The British Journal of Criminology 44(5), 641–658 (2004)
Craglia, M., Haining, R., Wiles, P.: A Comparative Evaluation of Approaches to Urban Crime Pattern Analysis. Urban Studies 37(4), 711–729 (2000)
Brunsdon, C., Corcoran, J., Higgs, G.: Visualising space and time in crime patterns: A comparison of methods. Computers, Environment and urban Systems 31(1), 52–75 (2007)
MacEachren, A.M., Kraak, M.J.: Research challenges in geovisualization. Cartography and Geographic Information Science 28(1), 3–12 (2001)
Slocum, T.A., Blok, C., Jiang, B., Koussoulakou, A., Montello, D.R., Fuhrmann, S., Hedley, N.R.: Cognitive and Usability Issues in Geovisualization. Cartography and Geographic Information Science 28(1), 61–75 (2001)
Kraak, M.J.: Current trends in visualization of geospatial data with special reference to cartography. In: Indian Cartographer SDI-01, pp. 319–324 (2002)
Meng, L.: How can 3D geovisualization please users’ eyes better. Geoinformatics - Magazine for Geo-IT Professionals 5, 34–35 (2002)
Jobst, M., Germanichs, T.: The Employment of 3D in Cartography - An Overview. In: Cartwright, W., Peterson, M.P., Gartner, G. (eds.) Multimedia Cartography, pp. 217–228. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Doellner, J., Baumann, K., Buchholz, H.: Virtual 3D City Models as Foundation of Complex Urban Information Spaces. In: CORP, Vienna (2006)
Doellner, J., Baumann, K., Kersting, O.: LandExplorer–Ein System für interaktive 3D-Karten. Kartographische Schriften 7, 67–76 (2003)
de Smith, M.J., Goodchild, M.F., Longley, P.A.: Geospatial Analysis. Troubador Publishing (2006)
Williamson, D., McLafferty, S., McGuire, P., Ross, T., Mollenkopf, J., Goldsmith, V., Quinn, S.: Tools in the spatial analysis of crime. In: Hirschfield, A., Bowers, K. (eds.) Mapping and analysing crime data. Taylor & Francis, London (2001)
Danese, M., Lazzari, M., Murgante, B.: Kernel Density Estimation Methods for a Geostatistical Approach in Seismic Risk Analysis: The Case Study of PotenzaHilltopTown (Southern Italy). In: Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (Part I). Section: Workshop on Geographical Analysis, Urban Modeling, Spatial Statistics (GEO-AN-MOD 2008), pp. 415–429. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Hägerstrand, T.: What about People in Regional Science. Papers, Regional Science Association 24, 7–21 (1970)
Gatalsky, P., Andrienko, N., Andrienko, G.: Interactive analysis of event data using space-time cube. In: Eight International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV 2004). IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2004)
Kraak, M.J.: The space-time cube revisited from a geovisualization perspective. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Cartographic Conference (ICC), Durban, South Africa (2003)
Ashby, D., Craglia, M.: Profiling Places: Geodemographics and GIS. In: Newburn, T., Williamson, T., Wright, A. (eds.) Handbook of criminal investigation. Willan Publishing, UK (2007)
Ratcliffe, J., McCullagh, M.: Crime, Repeat Victimisation and GIS. In: Hirschfield, A., Bowers, K. (eds.) Mapping and analysing crime data, pp. 61–92. Taylor & Francis, London (2007)
Hirschfield, A., Bowers, K.: Mapping and analysing crime data. Taylor & Francis, London (2001)
MacEachren, A.M., Edsall, R., Haug, D., Baxter, R., Otto, G., Masters, R., Fuhrmann, S., Qian, L.: Virtual Environments for Geographic Visualization: Potential and Challenges. In: ACM Workshop on New Paradigms for Information Visualization and Manipulation, Kansas City. ACM, New York (1999)
Fuhrmann, S., MacEachren, A.M.: Navigation in Desktop Geovirtual Environments: Usability Assessment. In: Proceedings of the 20th ICA/ACI International Cartographic Conference, Beijing, China, August 06-10 (2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wolff, M., Asche, H. (2009). Geovisualization Approaches for Spatio-temporal Crime Scene Analysis – Towards 4D Crime Mapping. In: Geradts, Z.J.M.H., Franke, K.Y., Veenman, C.J. (eds) Computational Forensics. IWCF 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5718. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03521-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03521-0_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-03520-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-03521-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)