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Theory and Empirical Findings in Previous Investigations

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Fertility of Immigrants

Part of the book series: Demographic Research Monographs ((DEMOGRAPHIC))

Abstract

“The vast body of empirical evidence on the origins, speed, and correlates of fertility declines in different historical and geographical settings shows more diversity than a simple theory of fertility change would predict,” states Hirschmann (1994, p. 203). If one cannot expect a single theory to explain fertility and fertility changes, the picture gets even more complex in the context of international migration because different environments (at origin and destination) and the migration process itself may shape fertility behavior and attitudes not only of the migrants, but also of their relatives. The women and men who leave their region of origin and settle in a different region, i.e., the first generation of migrants, share the experience of the migration process. The migration takes place within the fertile lifespan and/or union-formation ages (or at older ages). The persons directly experience two societies when they move from one country to another, or two living environments in the case of internal migrants.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In general, demographic studies have increasingly focused on the role of culture in order to explain certain demographic differentials between (sub-)populations that show similar socio-economic characteristics (Hammel 1990; Bernardi and Hutter 2007).

  2. 2.

    Mrdjen 1997 gives shares of inter-ethnic marriages of 8.6% in 1950 and 13.5% in 1990, though there is a large geographical variation. Whereas Slovenes, Croates, and Serbes have higher intermarriage rates, intermarriage is hardly observed among people of Albanian, Macedonic, and Muslim belonging.

  3. 3.

    The changes effective from January 2005 onwards are not listed here since they are not relevant for the time frame of the study.

  4. 4.

    For West Germans, Strohmeier (1989), for example, shows rural–urban fertility differentials and selected moves to rural areas among women with higher fertility.

  5. 5.

    The legal conditions are different for other immigrant groups. Investigating the migration strategies of Cameroonians, Fleischer (2007) suggests the possibility that migrants can gain a residence permit if they have custody of a child with a partner who has either German citizenship or a residence permit. But even so, marriage remains the crucial factor both for those people who aim at gaining legal status in Germany, and immigrants moving to Germany owing to family reunion.

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(2010). Theory and Empirical Findings in Previous Investigations. In: Fertility of Immigrants. Demographic Research Monographs. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03705-4_2

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