Abstract
Process, ecological, economic, health and safety requirements to steelmaking units. The change in these requirements with developing of current steel production. A negative effect of existing contradictory practice of the forming in prices for scrap, iron, electrical energy, and natural gas on general technological progress in steelmaking.
Increasing productivity is considered as the most important direction in EAF development. Due to numerous innovations implemented during the last decades, furnace productivity increased more than 4 times, electrical energy consumption was approximately halved, and electrode consumption reduced by 4 - 5 times. Basic innovations are as follows: increasing power of EAF transformers up to 1.0 - 1.5 MVA /ton; implementing the secondary ladle metallurgy and changing furnace functions for semi-product production; intensive oxygen and carbon injection into a bath; slag foaming; furnace operation with “hot hill”; using hot metal, etc. All these innovations are analyzed in details.
Electrical circuit specifics of modern furnaces, optimum electrical mode of the heat, and problems of electrical energy supply are discussed as well. Prospects for development of steelmaking in EAFs are analyzed.
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Notes
- 1.
See Sect. 1.2.3 on difference in measuring EAF power in VA (volt–ampere) and watts, W
- 2.
For alternating current, active resistance is, for instance, the resistance of straight wire the electromagnetic field energy of which could be ignored
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Toulouevski, Y.N., Zinurov, I.Y. (2010). Modern Steelmaking in Electric Arc Furnaces: History and Prospects for Development. In: Innovation in Electric Arc Furnaces. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03802-0_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03802-0_1
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