Skip to main content

Early Stages of Mesothelioma, Screening and Biomarkers

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Malignant Mesothelioma

Part of the book series: Recent Results in Cancer Research ((RECENTCANCER,volume 189))

Abstract

The early diagnosis of mesothelioma is notoriously difficult, both from a clinical and pathological perspective. Patients often undergo several medical investigations without definitive diagnosis. The discovery of biomarkers that can be assessed in pleural effusions, histological samples, and serum may assist with the difficult early diagnosis of mesothelioma. In this chapter we focus on those markers that have been examined in the setting of either early diagnosis of mesothelioma in symptomatic individuals or that have been proposed as suitable for screening of asbestos-exposed individuals, with an emphasis on cytology and histology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Acurio A, Arif Q, Gattuso P et al (2008) The value of immunohistochemical markers in differentiating benign from malignant mesothelial lesions. Mod Pathol 21(1S):334A

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Afify A, Zhou H, Howell L, Paulino AF (2005) Diagnostic utility of GLUT-1 expression in the cytologic evaluation of serous fluids. Acta Cytol 49(3):621–626

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Agre P, Kozono D (2003) Aquaporin water channels: molecular mechanisms for human diseases. FEBS Lett 555(1):72–78

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Amiry-Moghaddam M, Frydenlund DS, Ottersen OP (2004) Anchoring of aquaporin-4 in brain: molecular mechanisms and implications for the physiology and pathophysiology of water transport. Neuroscience 129(4):999–1010

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Attanoos RL, Webb R, Dojcinov SD, Gibbs AR (2002) Value of mesothelial and epithelial antibodies in distinguishing diffuse peritoneal mesothelioma in females from serous papillary carcinoma of the ovary and peritoneum. Histopathology 40(3):237–244

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Attanoos RL, Griffin A, Gibbs AR (2003) The use of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing reactive from neoplastic mesothelium: a novel use for desmin and comparative evaluation with epithelial membrane antigen, p53, platelet-derived growth factor-receptor, P-glycoprotein and Bcl-2. Histopathology 43(3):231–238

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bao LH, Sakaguchi H, Fujimoto J, Tamaya T (2007) Osteopontin in metastatic lesions as a prognostic marker in ovarian cancers. J Biomed Sci 14(3):373–381

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Baratti D, Kusamura S, Martinetti A et al (2007) Circulating CA125 in patients with peritoneal mesothelioma treated with cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion. Ann Surg Oncol 14(11):500–508

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Baruch AC, Wang H, Staerkel GA et al (2007) Immunocytochemical study of the expression of mesothelin in fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 35(3):143–147

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bateman AC, Al-Talib RK, Newman T et al (1997) Immunohistochemical phenotype of malignant mesothelioma: predictive value of CA125 and HBME-1. Histopathology 30(1):49–56

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Battifora H, McCaughey W (1995) Tumors of the serosal membranes, Third series, AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology. American Registry of Pathology, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ben-Ezra JM, Kornstein MJ, Grimes MM, Krystal G (1994) Small cell carcinomas of the lung express the Bcl-2 protein. Am J Pathol 145(5):1036–1040

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bergeret A, De Terrasson FG (1999) Social impact of screening and of medical surveillance on people exposed to asbestos. Rev Mal Respir 16(6pt2):1327–1331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Beyer HL, Geschwindt RD, Glover CL et al (2007) MESOMARK: a potential test for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Clin Chem 53(4):666–672

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bloch O, Papadopoulos MC, Manley GT, Verkman AS (2005) Aquaporin-4 gene deletion in mice increases focal edema associated with staphylococcal brain abscess. J Neurochem 95(1):254–262

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bolen JW, Hammar SP, McNutt MA (1986) Reactive and neoplastic serosal tissue: a light-microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical study. Am J Surg Pathol 10(1):34–47

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bolen JW, Hammar SP, McNutt MA (1987) Serosal tissue: reactive tissue as a model for understanding mesotheliomas. Ultrastruct Pathol 11(2–3):251–262

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Borgnia M, Nielsen S, Engel A, Agre P (1999) Cellular and molecular biology of the aquaporin water channels. Annu Rev Biochem 68:425–458

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Borok Z, Verkman AS (2002) Lung edema clearance: 20 years of progress: invited review: role of aquaporin water channels in fluid transport in lung and airways. J Appl Physiol 93(6):2199–2206

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Brambilla E, Cagle PT, Churg AM, Colby TV, Gibbs AR, Hammar SP, Hasleton PS, Henderson DW, Inai K, Praet M, Roggli VL, Travis WD, Vignaud JM (2006) International Mesothelioma Panel. In: Galateau-Sallé F (ed) Pathology of malignant mesothelioma. Springer, London

    Google Scholar 

  21. Brauer C, Baandrup U, Jacobsen P et al (2009) Screening for asbestos-related conditions. Ugeskr Laeger 171:433–436

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee (2007) BTS statement on malignant mesothelioma in the UK, 2007. Thorax 62(Suppl 2):ii1–ii19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Cagle PT, Brown RW, Lebovitz RM (1994) P53 immunostaining in the differentiation of reactive processes from malignancy in pleural biopsy specimens. Hum Pathol 25(5):443–448

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ceresoli GL, Chiti A, Zucali PA et al (2007) Assessment of tumor response in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Cancer Treat Rev 33(6):533–541

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Chen Y, Tachibana O, Oda M et al (2006) Increased expression of aquaporin 1 in human hemangioblastomas and its correlation with cyst formation. J Neurooncol 80(3):219–225

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Churg A, Colby TV, Cagle P et al (2000) The separation of benign and malignant mesothelial proliferations. Am J Surg Pathol 24:1183–1200

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Churg A, Cagle PT, Roggli VL (2006) Tumors of the serosal membranes. American Registry of Pathology/Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  28. Clapp C, de la EG Martinez (2006) Aquaporin-1: a novel promoter of tumor angiogenesis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 17(1):1–2

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Creaney J, Robinson BW (2005) Detection of malignant mesothelioma in asbestos-exposed individuals: the potential role of soluble mesothelin-related protein. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 19:1025–1040

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Creaney J, Robinson BW (2009) Serum and pleural fluid biomarkers for mesothelioma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 15(6):366–370

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Creaney J, Christansen H, Lake R et al (2006) Soluble mesothelin related protein in mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 1(1):172–174

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Creaney J, Yeoman D, Naumoff L et al (2007) Soluble mesothelin in effusions: a useful tool for the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. Thorax 62(7):569–576

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Creaney J, Yeoman D, Demelker Y et al (2008) Comparison of osteopontin, megakaryocyte potentiating factor, and mesothelin proteins as markers in the serum of patients with malignant mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 3(8):851–857

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Cury PM, Butcher DN, Corrin B, Nicholson AG (1999) The use of histological and immunohistochemical markers to distinguish pleural malignant mesothelioma and in situ mesothelioma from reactive mesothelial hyperplasia and reactive pleural fibrosis. J Pathol 189(2):251–257

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Das M, Muhlenbruch G, Mahnken AH et al (2007) Asbestos Surveillance Program Aachen (ASPA): initial results from baseline screening for lung cancer in asbestos-exposed high-risk individuals using low-dose multidetector-row CT. Eur Radiol 17(5):1193–1199

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Devuyst O, Ni J (2006) Aquaporin-1 in the peritoneal membrane: implications for water transport across capillaries and peritoneal dialysis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1758(8):1078–1084

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Diederich S, Wormanns D, Heindel W (2003) Lung cancer screening with low-dose CT. Eur J Radiol 45(1):2–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Endo M, Jain RK, Witwer B, Brown D (1999) Water channel (aquaporin 1) expression and distribution in mammary carcinomas and glioblastomas. Microvasc Res 58(2):89–98

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Esposito V, Baldi A, De Luca A et al (1997) P53 immunostaining in differential diagnosis of pleural mesothelial proliferations. Anticancer Res 17(18):733–736

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Esteban JM, Yokota S, Husain S, Battifora H (1990) Immunocytochemical profile of benign and carcinomatous effusions: a practical approach to difficult diagnosis. Am J Clin Pathol 94(6):698–705

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Eto M, Kodama S, Nomi N et al (2007) Clinical significance of elevated osteopontin levels in head and neck cancer patients. Auris Nasus Larynx 34(3):343–346

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Falleni M, Pellegrini C, Marchetti A et al (2005) Quantitative evaluation of the apoptosis regulating genes Survivin, Bcl-2 and Bax in inflammatory and malignant pleural lesions. Lung Cancer 48(2):211–216

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Fasola G, Belvedere O, Aita M et al (2007) Low-dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer and pleural mesothelioma in an asbestos-exposed population: baseline results of a prospective, nonrandomized feasibility trial – an Alpe-adria Thoracic Oncology Multidisciplinary Group Study (ATOM 002). Oncologist 12(10):1215–1224

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Fleming MV, Guinee DG Jr, Chu WS et al (1998) Bcl-2 immunohistochemistry in a surgical series of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Hum Pathol 29(1):60–64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Frey AB, Wali A, Pass H, Lonardo F (2007) Osteopontin is linked to p65 and MMP-9 expression in pulmonary adenocarcinoma but not in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Histopathology 50(6):720–726

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Geeson F, Saadoun S, Papadopoulos M et al (2002) Aquaporin-4 water channel expression in human vasogenic brain oedema. J Anat 200(5):523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Goffin E, Combet S, Jamar F et al (1999) Expression of aquaporin-1 in a long-term peritoneal dialysis patient with impaired transcellular water transport. Am J Kidney Dis 33(2):383–388

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Gordon GJ, Mani M, Maulik G et al (2008) Preclinical studies of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 61(4):549–558

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Greillier L, Baas P, Welch JJ et al (2008) Biomarkers for malignant pleural mesothelioma: current status. Mol Diagn Ther 12(8):375–390

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Grigoriu BD, Scherpereel A, Devos P et al (2007) Utility of osteopontin and serum mesothelin in malignant pleural mesothelioma diagnosis and prognosis assessment. Clin Cancer Res 13:2928–2935

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Grigoriu BD, Gregoire M, Chahine B, Scherpereel A (2008) New diagnostic markers for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Bull Cancer 95(2):177–184

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Grigoriu BD, Grigoriu C, Chahine B et al (2009) Clinical utility of diagnostic markers for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 71(1):31–38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Haddoub R, Rutzler M, Robin A, Flitsch SL (2009) Design, synthesis and assaying of potential aquaporin inhibitors. Handb Exp Pharmacol 385–402

    Google Scholar 

  54. Hammar SP, Henderson DW, Klebe S, Dodson RF (2008) Neoplasms of the pleura. In: Tomashefski JFJ (ed) Dail and Hammar’s Pulmonary pathology, chap 43, vol 2, 3rd edn. Springer, New York, pp 558–734

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  55. Hassan R, Laszik ZG, Lerner M et al (2005) Mesothelin is overexpressed in pancreatobiliary adenocarcinomas but not in normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis. Am J Clin Pathol 124(6):838–845

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Hassan R, Remaley AT, Sampson ML et al (2006) Detection and quantitation of serum mesothelin, a tumor parker for patients with mesothelioma and ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 12(2):447–453

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Haylock DN, Nilsson SK (2006) Osteopontin: a bridge between bone and blood. Br J Haematol 134(5):467–474

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Hedman M, Arnberg H, Wernlund J et al (2003) Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), hyaluronan and CA 125 as serum markers in malignant mesothelioma. Anticancer Res 23(1B):531–536

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Henderson DW, Shilkin KB, Whitaker D et al (1992) The pathology of mesothelioma, including immunohistology and ultrastructure. In: Henderson DW, Shilkin KB, Langlois SL, Whitaker D (eds) Malignant mesothelioma. Hemisphere, New York, pp 69–139

    Google Scholar 

  60. Henderson DW, Comin CE, Hammar SP et al (1997) Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura: current surgical pathology. In: Corrin B (ed) Pathology of lung tumors. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 241–280

    Google Scholar 

  61. Henderson DW, Shilkin KB, Whitaker D (1998) Reactive mesothelial hyperplasia vs mesothelioma, including mesothelioma in situ: a brief review. Am J Clin Pathol 110(3):397–404

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF (2000) Screening for lung cancer. J Thorac Imaging 15(1):21–27

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Henschke CI, McCauley DI, Yankelevitz DF et al (1999) Early Lung Cancer Action Project: overall design and findings from baseline screening. Lancet 354(173):99–105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Ho M, Bera TK, Willingham MC et al (2007) Mesothelin expression in human lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 13(5):1571–1575

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Hoque MO, Soria JC, Woo J et al (2006) Aquaporin 1 is overexpressed in lung cancer and stimulates NIH-3T3 cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Am J Pathol 168(4):1345–1353

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Huber VJ, Tsujita M, Yamazaki M et al (2007) Identification of arylsulfonamides as Aquaporin 4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 17(5): 1270–1273

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Huber VJ, Tsujita M, Kwee IL, Nakada T (2009) Inhibition of aquaporin 4 by antiepileptic drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 17(1):418–424

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Huber VJ, Tsujita M, Nakada T (2009) Identification of aquaporin 4 inhibitors using in vitro and in silico methods. Bioorg Med Chem 17(1):411–417

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Husain AN, Colby TV, Ordonez NG et al (2009) Guidelines for pathologic diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma: a consensus statement from the International Mesothelioma Interest Group. Arch Pathol Lab Med 133(8):1317–1331

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Ishibashi K, Hara S, Kondo S (2009) Aquaporin water channels in mammals. Clin Exp Nephrol 13(2):107–117

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Isik R, Metintas M, Gibbs AR et al (2001) P53, p21 and metallothionein immunoreactivities in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma: correlations with the epidemiological features and prognosis of mesotheliomas with environmental asbestos exposure. Respir Med 95(7):588–593

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Ivanov SV, Ivanova AV, Goparaju CM et al (2009) Tumorigenic properties of alternative osteopontin isoforms in mesothelioma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 382(3):514–518

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Iwahori K, Osaki T, Serada S et al (2008) Megakaryocyte potentiating factor as a tumor marker of malignant pleural mesothelioma: evaluation in comparison with mesothelin. Lung Cancer 62(1):45–54

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Jarius S, Paul F, Franciotta D et al (2008) Mechanisms of disease: aquaporin-4 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 4(4):202–214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Jiang JJ, Bai CX, Hong QY et al (2003) Effect of aquaporin-1 deletion on pleural fluid transport. Acta Pharmacol Sin 24(4):301–305

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Jiang J, Hu J, Bai C (2003) Role of aquaporin and sodium channel in pleural water movement. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 139(1):83–88

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Kato Y, Tsuta K, Seki K et al (2007) Immunohistochemical detection of GLUT-1 can discriminate between reactive mesothelium and malignant mesothelioma. Mod Pathol 20(2): 215–220

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Kebapci M, Vardarell E, Adapinar B, Acikalin M (2003) CT findings and serum ca CA125 levels in malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: report of 11 new cases and review of the literature. Eur Radiol 13(12):2620–2626

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Kim J, Ki SS, Lee SD et al (2006) Elevated levels of osteopontin levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 101(9):2051–2059

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. King LS, Agre P (1996) Pathophysiology of the aquaporin water channels. Annu Rev Physiol 58:619–648

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. King LS, Nielsen S, Agre P (1996) Aquaporin-1 water channel protein in lung: ontogeny, steroid-induced expression, and distribution in rat. J Clin Invest 97(10):2183–2191

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. King LS, Kozono D, Agre P (2004) From structure to disease: the evolving tale of aquaporin biology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 5():687–698

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. King J, Thatcher N, Pickering C, Hasleton P (2006) Sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemical antibodies used to distinguish between benign and malignant pleural disease: a systematic review of published reports. Histopathology 49(6):561–568

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Knepper MA (1994) The aquaporin family of molecular water channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91(14):6255–6258

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Koskinen K, Rinne JP, Zitting A et al (1996) Screening for asbestos-induced diseases in Finland. Am J Ind Med 30(3):241–251

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Koskinen K, Pukkala E, Reijula K, Karjalainen A (2003) Incidence of cancer among the participants of the Finnish Asbestos Screening Campaign. Scand J Work Environ Health 29(1):64–70

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Kushitani K, Takeshima Y, Amatya VJ et al (2007) Immunohistochemical marker panels for distinguishing between epithelioid mesothelioma and lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Int 57(4):190–199

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Lai KN, Li FK, Lan HY et al (2001) Expression of aquaporin-1 in human peritoneal mesothelial cells and its upregulation by glucose in vitro. J Am Soc Nephrol 12(5):1036–1045

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Lantuejoul S, Laverriere MH, Sturm N et al (2000) NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecules) expression in malignant mesotheliomas. Hum Pathol 31(4):415–421

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Lauritzen AF (1987) Distinction between cells in serous effusions using a panel of antibodies. Virchows Arch A 411(3):299–304

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Lee MD, King LS, Agre P (1997) The aquaporin family of water channel proteins in clinical medicine. Medicine (Baltimore) 76(3):141–156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Leung AN, Muller NL, Miller RR (1990) CT in differential diagnosis of diffuse pleural disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 154(3):487–492

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Liakopoulos V, Zarogiannis S, Eleftheriadis T, Stefanidis I (2006) Aquaporin-1 and sodium transport in the peritoneal membrane – need for more research? Kidney Int 70 (9):1663, author reply – 4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Liakopoulos V, Zarogiannis S, Hatzoglou C et al (2006) Inhibition by mercuric chloride of aquaporin-1 in the parietal sheep peritoneum: an electrophysiologic study. Adv Perit Dial 22:7–10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Liang Q, Xu SR, Liu W et al (2005) Expressions of aquaporin-1 on peritonea in hepatic cirrhotic rats with ascites [Chin]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 85(15):1027–1030

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Lyons-Boudreaux V, Mody DR, Zhai J, Coffey D (2008) Cytologic malignancy versus benignancy: how useful are the “newer” markers in body fluid cytology? Arch Pathol Lab Med 132(1):23–28

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Maeda M, Hino O (2006) Molecular tumor markers for asbestos-related mesothelioma: serum diagnostic markers. Pathol Int 56(11):649–654

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Mangano WE, Cagle PT, Churg A et al (1998) The diagnosis of desmoplastic malignant mesothelioma and its distinction from fibrous pleurisy: a histologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 31 cases including p53 immunostaining. Am J Clin Pathol 110(2):191–199

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Mason MR, Bedrossian CW, Fahey CA (1987) Value of immunocytochemistry in the study of malignant effusions. Diagn Cytopathol 3(3):215–221

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Mastrangelo G, Ballarin MN, Bellini E et al (2008) Feasibility of a screening programme for lung cancer in former asbestos workers. Occup Med (Lond) 58(3):175–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Mayall FG, Goddard H, Gibbs AR (1993) The frequency of p53 immunostaining in asbestos-associated mesotheliomas and non-asbestos-associated mesotheliomas. Histopathology 22(4):383–386

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Mayall F, Heryet A, Manga D, Kriegeskotten A (1997) P53 immunostaining is a highly specific and moderately sensitive marker of malignancy in serous fluid cytology. Cytopathology 8(1):9–12

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Mazal PR, Susani M, Wrba F, Haitel A (2005) Diagnostic significance of aquaporin-1 in liver tumors. Hum Pathol 36(11):1226–1231

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Metintas M, Ucgun I, Elbek O et al (2002) Computed tomography features in malignant pleural mesothelioma and other commonly seen pleural diseases. Eur J Radiol 41(1):1–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Miettinen M, Sarlomo-Rikala M (2003) Expression of calretinin, thrombomodulin, keratin 5, and mesothelin in lung carcinomas of different types: an immunohistochemical analysis of 596 tumors in comparison with epithelioid mesotheliomas of the pleura. Am J Surg Pathol 27(2):150–158

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Mishima R, Takeshima F, Sawai T et al (2007) High plasma osteopontin levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 41(2):167–172

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Misu T, Fujihara K, Nakamura M et al (2006) Loss of aquaporin-4 in active perivascular lesions in neuromyelitis optica: a case report. Tohoku J Exp Med 209(3):269–275

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Misu T, Fujihara K, Itoyama Y (2008) Neuromyelitis optica and anti-aquaporin 4 antibody – an overview. Brain Nerve 60(5):527–537

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Mullick SS, Green LK, Ramzy I et al (1996) P53 gene product in pleural effusions. Practical use in distinguishing benign from malignant cells. Acta Cytol 40(5):855–860

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Narasimhan SR, Yang L, Gerwin BI, Broaddus VC (1998) Resistance of pleural mesothelioma cell lines to apoptosis: relation to expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Am J Physiol 275(1pt1):L165–L171

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Navratil E, Gaulard P, Kanavaros P et al (1995) Expression of the bcl-2 protein in B cell lymphomas arising from mucosa associated lymphoid tissue. J Clin Pathol 48(1):18–21

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Nishino T, Devuyst O (2008) Clinical application of aquaporin research: aquaporin-1 in the peritoneal membrane. Pflugers Arch 456(4):721–727

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Onda M, Nagata S, Ho M et al (2006) Megakaryocyte potentiation factor cleaved from mesothelin precursor is a useful tumor marker in the serum of patients with mesothelioma. Clin Cancer Res 12(14):4225–4231

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Ordonez NG (2003) Value of mesothelin immunostaining in the diagnosis of mesothelioma. Mod Pathol 16(3):192–197

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Oshio K, Binder DK, Bollen A et al (2003) Aquaporin-1 expression in human glial tumors suggests a potential novel therapeutic target for tumor-associated edema. Acta Neurochir Suppl 86:499–502

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Oshio K, Binder DK, Liang Y et al (2005) Expression of the aquaporin-1 water channel in human glial tumors. Neurosurgery 56(2):375–381

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Papadopoulos MC, Verkman AS (2005) Aquaporin-4 gene disruption in mice reduces brain swelling and mortality in pneumococcal meningitis. J Biol Chem 280(14):13906–13912

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Papadopoulos MC, Verkman AS (2007) Aquaporin-4 and brain edema. Pediatr Nephrol 22(6):778–784

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Papadopoulos MC, Verkman AS (2008) Potential utility of aquaporin modulators for therapy of brain disorders. Prog Brain Res 170:589–601

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Papadopoulos MC, Manley GT, Krishna S, Verkman AS (2004) Aquaporin-4 facilitates reabsorption of excess fluid in vasogenic brain edema. FASEB J 18(11):1291–1293

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Papp T, Schipper H, Pemsel H et al (2001) Mutational analysis of N-ras, p53, p16INK4a, p14ARF and CDK4 genes in primary human malignant mesotheliomas. Int J Oncol 18(2):425–433

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Park EK, Sandrini A, Yates DH et al (2008) Soluble mesothelin-related protein in an asbestos-exposed population: the dust diseases board cohort study: the Dust Diseases Board cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 178(8):832–837

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Pass HI, Carbone M (2009) Current status of screening for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 21(2):97–104

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Pass HI, Lott D, Lonardo F et al (2005) Asbestos exposure, pleural mesothelioma, and serum osteopontin levels. N Engl J Med 353(15):1564–1573

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Pittock SJ, Lennon VA (2008) Aquaporin-4 autoantibodies in a paraneoplastic context. Arch Neurol 65(5):629–632

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Pittock SJ, Weinshenker BG, Lucchinetti CF et al (2006) Neuromyelitis optica brain lesions localized at sites of high aquaporin 4 expression. Arch Neurol 63(7):964–968

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Qiao YL, Tockman MS, Li L et al (1997) A case-cohort study of an early biomarker of lung cancer in a screening cohort of Yunnan tin miners in China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 6(11):893–900

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Ramael M, Lemmens G, Eerdekens C et al (1992) Immunoreactivity for p53 protein in malignant mesothelioma and non-neoplastic mesothelium. J Pathol 168(4):371–375

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Ramael M, van den Bossche J, Buysse C et al (1992) Immunoreactivity for P-170 glycoprotein in malignant mesothelioma and in non-neoplastic mesothelium of the pleura using the murine monoclonal antibody JSB-1. J Pathol 167(1):5–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Ray M, Kindler HL (2009) Malignant pleural mesothelioma: an update on biomarkers and treatment. Chest 136:888–896

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Robinson BW, Creaney J, Lake R et al (2003) Mesothelin-family proteins and diagnosis of mesothelioma. Lancet 362(9396):1612–1616

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Robinson BW, Creaney J, Lake R et al (2005) Soluble mesothelin-related protein: a blood test for mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 49(Suppl 1):S109–S111

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Rump A, Morikawa Y, Tanaka M et al (2004) Binding of ovarian cancer antigen CA125/MUC16 to mesothelin mediates cell adhesion. J Biol Chem 279(10):9190–9198

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Saad RS, Cho P, Liu YL, Silverman JF (2005) The value of epithelial membrane antigen expression in separating benign mesothelial proliferation from malignant mesothelioma: a comparative study. Diagn Cytopathol 32(3):156–159

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Saadoun S, Papadopoulos MC (2009) Aquaporin-4 in brain and spinal cord oedema. Neuroscience 161(3):764–772

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Saadoun S, Papadopoulos M, Bell B et al (2002) The aquaporin-4 water channel and brain tumour oedema. J Anat 200(5):528

    Article  Google Scholar 

  137. Saadoun S, Papadopoulos MC, Davies DC et al (2002) Increased aquaporin 1 water channel expression in human brain tumours. Br J Cancer 87(6):621–623

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Saikali P, Cayrol R, Vincent T (2009) Anti-aquaporin-4 auto-antibodies orchestrate the pathogenesis in neuromyelitis optica. Autoimmun Rev 9(2):132–135

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Sapede C, Gauvrit A, Barbieux I et al (2008) Aberrant splicing and protease involvement in mesothelin release from epithelioid mesothelioma cells. Cancer Sci 99(3):590–594

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Scherpereel A, Lee YC (2007) Biomarkers for mesothelioma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 13(4):339–443

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Scherpereel A, Grigoriu B, Conti M et al (2006) Soluble mesothelin-related peptides in the diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173(10):1155–1160

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Scherpereel A, Astoul P, Baas P et al (2009) Guidelines of the European Respiratory Society and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons for management of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Eur Respir J 35(3):479–495

    Google Scholar 

  143. Schneider J, Presek P, Braun A et al (1999) P53 protein, EGF receptor, and anti-p53 antibodies in serum from patients with occupationally derived lung cancer. Br J Cancer 80(12):1987–1994

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Segal A, Whitaker D, Henderson D, Shilkin K (2002) Pathology of mesothelioma. In: Robinson BWS, Chahinian AP (eds) Mesothelioma. Martin Dunitz, London, pp 143–184

    Google Scholar 

  145. Segers K, Ramael M, Singh SK et al (1994) Immunoreactivity for bcl-2 protein in malignant mesothelioma and non-neoplastic mesothelium. Virchows Arch 424(6):631–634

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Segers K, Kumar-Singh S, Weyler J et al (1996) Glutathione S-transferase expression in malignant mesothelioma and non-neoplastic mesothelium: an immunohistochemical study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 122(10):619–624

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Shen J, Pinkus GS, Deshpande V, Cibas ES (2009) Usefulness of EMA, GLUT-1, and XIAP for the cytologic diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma in body cavity fluids. Am J Clin Pathol 131(4):516–523

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Shiomi K, Miyamoto H, Segawa T et al (2006) Novel ELISA system for detection of N-ERC/mesothelin in the sera of mesothelioma patients. Cancer Sci 97(6):928–932

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Shiomi K, Hagiwara Y, Sonoue K et al (2008) Sensitive and specific new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for N-ERC/mesothelin increases its potential as a useful serum tumor marker for mesothelioma. Clin Cancer Res 14(5):1431–1437

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Silverman JF, Nance K, Phillips B, Norris HT (1987) The use of immunoperoxidase panels for the cytologic diagnosis of malignancy in serous effusions. Diagn Cytopathol 3(2):134–140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Simon F, Johnen G, Krismann M, Muller KM (2005) Chromosomal alterations in early stages of malignant mesotheliomas. Virchows Arch 447(4):762–767

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Soini Y, Jarvinen K, Kaarteenaho-Wiik R, Kinnula V (2001) The expression of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance proteins 1 and 2 (MRP1 and MRP2) in human malignant mesothelioma. Ann Oncol 12(9):1239–1245

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Sone S, Takashima S, Li F et al (1998) Mass screening for lung cancer with mobile spiral computed tomography scanner. Lancet 351(9111):1242–1245

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Song Y, Yang B, Matthay MA et al (2000) Role of aquaporin water channels in pleural fluid dynamics. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 279(6):C1744–C1750

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Szeto CC, Lai KB, Chow KM et al (2005) The relationship between peritoneal transport characteristics and messenger RNA expression of aquaporin in the peritoneal dialysis effluent of CAPD patients. J Nephrol 18(2):197–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Takagi M, Tanaka K, Suzuki T et al (2009) Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive optic neuritis. Acta Ophthalmol 87(5):562–566

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Takahashi T, Fujihara K, Nakashima I et al (2006) Establishment of a new sensitive assay for anti-human aquaporin-4 antibody in neuromyelitis optica. Tohoku J Exp Med 210(4):307–313

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Tan WL, Wong JH, Liew D, Ng IH (2004) Aquaporin-4 is correlated with peri-tumoural oedema in meningiomas. Ann Acad Med Singapore 33(5 Suppl):S87–S89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Tanaka K (2008) Anti-aquaporin 4-antibody detection system. Nippon Rinsho 66(6):1093–1097

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Tani T, Sakimura K, Tsujita M et al (2009) Identification of binding sites for anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies in patients with neuromyelitis optica. J Neuroimmunol 211(1-2):110–113

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Tanimura Y, Hiroaki Y, Fujiyoshi Y (2009) Acetazolamide reversibly inhibits water conduction by aquaporin-4. J Struct Biol 166(1):16–21

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Tiitola M, Kivisaari L, Huuskonen MS et al (2002) Computed tomography screening for lung cancer in asbestos-exposed workers. Lung Cancer 35(1):17–22

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Uzawa A, Mori M, Iwai Y et al (2009) Association of anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica with myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Sci 287(1-2):105–107

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. van der Kwast TH, Versnel MA, Delahaye M et al (1988) Expression of epithelial membrane antigen on malignant mesothelioma cells: an immunocytochemical and immunoelectron microscopic study. Acta Cytol 32(2):169–174

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  165. van Meerbeeck JP, Hillerdal G (2008) Screening for mesothelioma: more harm than good? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 178(8):781–782

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Verkman AS (1998) Role of aquaporin water channels in kidney and lung. Am J Med Sci 316(5):310–320

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Verkman AS (1999) Lessons on renal physiology from transgenic mice lacking aquaporin water channels. J Am Soc Nephrol 10(5):1126–1135

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Verkman AS (2001) Applications of aquaporin inhibitors. Drug News Perspect 14(7):412–420

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Verkman AS (2002) Physiological importance of aquaporin water channels. Ann Med 34(3):192–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Verkman AS (2002) Renal concentrating and diluting function in deficiency of specific aquaporin genes. Exp Nephrol 10(4):235–240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Verkman AS, Matthay MA, Song Y (2000) Aquaporin water channels and lung physiology. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 278(5):L867–L879

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Verkman AS, Yang B, Song Y et al (2000) Role of water channels in fluid transport studied by phenotype analysis of aquaporin knockout mice. Exp Physiol 85. Spec No: 233S–241S

    Google Scholar 

  173. Vordermark D, Said HM, Katzer A et al (2006) Plasma osteopontin levels in patients with head and neck cancer and cervix cancer are critically dependent on the choice of ELISA system. BMC Cancer 15(6):207–212

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  174. Walts AE, Said JW, Shintaku IP (1987) Epithelial membrane antigen in the cytodiagnosis of effusions and aspirates: immunocytochemical and ultrastructural localization in benign and malignant cells. Diagn Cytopathol 3(1):41–49

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Waters P, Vincent A (2008) Detection of anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica: current status of the assays. Int MS J 15(3):99–105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Waters P, Jarius S, Littleton E et al (2008) Aquaporin-4 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Arch Neurol 65(7):913–919

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  177. Whitaker D (1983) The mesothelium of the rat and its response to injury. Ph.D. thesis, The University of Western Australia, Perth

    Google Scholar 

  178. Whitaker D, Papadimitriou JM (1985) Mesothelial healing: morphological and kinetic investigations. J Pathol 145(2):159–175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Whitaker D, Sterrett G, Shilkin K (1989) Early diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma: the contribution of effusion and fine needle aspiration cytology and ancillary techniques. In: Peters GA, Peters BJ (eds) Asbestos disease update March 1989. A special supplement to the sourcebook on Asbestos diseases: medical, legal, and engineering aspects. Garland Law Publishing, New York, pp 73–112

    Google Scholar 

  180. Whitaker D, Henderson DW, Shilkin KB (1992) The concept of mesothelioma in situ: implications for diagnosis and histogenesis. Semin Diagn Pathol 9(2):151–161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Whitaker D, Manning LS, Robinson BW, Shilkin KB (1992) The pathobiology of the mesothelium. In: Henderson DW, Shilkin KB, Langlois SL, Whitaker D (eds) Malignant mesothelioma. Hemisphere, New York, pp 25–68

    Google Scholar 

  182. Whitaker D, Shilkin KB, Sterrett GF (1992) Cytological appearances of malignant mesothelioma. In: Henderson DW, Shilkin KB, Langlois SL, Whitaker D (eds) Malignant mesothelioma. Hemisphere, New York, pp 167–182

    Google Scholar 

  183. Wolanski KD, Whitaker D, Shilkin KB, Henderson DW (1998) The use of epithelial membrane antigen and silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions testing in the differential diagnosis of mesothelioma from benign reactive mesothelioses. Cancer 82(3):583–590

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Wu M, Yuan S, Szporn AH et al (2005) Immunocytochemical detection of XIAP in body cavity effusions and washes. Mod Pathol 18(12):1618–1622

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Wu CY, Wu MS, Chiang EP et al (2006) Elevated plasma osteopontin associated with gastric carcinoma development, invasion and survival. Gut 56(5):782–789

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Wu M, Sun Y, Li G et al (2007) Immunohistochemical detection of XIAP in mesothelium and mesothelial lesions. Am J Clin Pathol 128(5):783–787

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  187. Xiang Y, Ma B, Li T et al (2004) Acetazolamide inhibits aquaporin-1 protein expression and angiogenesis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 25(6): 812–816

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Yaziji H, Battifora H, Barry TS et al (2006) Evaluation of 12 antibodies for distinguishing epithelioid mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma: identification of a three-antibody immunohistochemical panel with maximal sensitivity and specificity. Mod Pathol 19(4):514–523

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Yen MJ, Hsu C-Y, Mao T-L et al (2006) Diffuse mesothelin expression correlates with prolonged patient survival in ovarian serous carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 12(3pt1):827–831

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Yool AJ, Brokl OH, Pannabecker TL et al (2002) Tetraethylammonium block of water flux in Aquaporin-1 channels expressed in kidney thin limbs of Henle’s loop and a kidney-derived cell line. BMC Physiol 2:4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  191. Yukutake Y, Hirano Y, Suematsu M, Yasui M (2009) Rapid and reversible inhibition of aquaporin-4 by zinc. Biochemistry 48(51):12059–12061

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Zalay Z, Nemeth L, Sugar J (1992) Screening and pathological diagnosis of asbestosis and mesothelioma: a review. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 11(5-6):317–321

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Zhang W, Xie CM, Li ZP (2007) Expression of aquaporin-1 in rat pleural mesothelial cells and its specific inhibition by RNA interference in vitro. Chin Med J (Engl) 120(24):2278–2283

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Zheng YY, Lan YP, Tang HF, Zhu SM (2008) Propofol pretreatment attenuates aquaporin-4 over-expression and alleviates cerebral edema after transient focal brain ischemia reperfusion in rats. Anesth Analg 107(6):2009–2016

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Zhu W, Michael CW (2007) WT1, monoclonal CEA, TTF1, and CA125 antibodies in the differential diagnosis of lung, breast, and ovarian adenocarcinomas in serous effusions. Diagn Cytopathol 35(6):370–375

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sonja Klebe .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Klebe, S., Henderson, D.W. (2011). Early Stages of Mesothelioma, Screening and Biomarkers. In: Tannapfel, A. (eds) Malignant Mesothelioma. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 189. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10862-4_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10862-4_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-10861-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-10862-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics