Abstract
We present two empirical studies which examine user mood in long-term interaction with virtual conversational agents. The first study finds evidence for mood as a longitudinal construct independent of momentary affect and demonstrates that mood can be reliably identified by human judges observing user-agent interactions. The second study demonstrates that mood is an important consideration for virtual agents designed to persuade users, by showing that favors are more persuasive than direct requests when users are in negative moods, while direct requests are more persuasive for users in positive moods.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
D’Mello, S., Graesser, A., Picard, R.: Toward an affect-sensitive autotutor. IEEE Intelligent Systems 22(4), 53–61 (2007)
Burleson, W., Picard, R., Perlin, K., Lippincott, J.: A platform for affective agent research. In: 3rd International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi Agent Systems. ACM Press (2004)
Klein, J., Moon, Y., Picard, R.W.: This computer responds to user frustration. In: CHI 1999, Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 1999, pp. 242–243. ACM, New York (1999)
Larsen, R.J.: Toward a science of mood regulation. Psychological Inquiry 11(3), 129–141 (2000)
Batson, C.D., Shaw, L.L., Oleson, K.C.: Emotion. In: Differentiating Affect, Mood, and Emotion: Toward Functionally Based Conceptual Distinctions, pp. 294–326. Sage Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks (1992)
Thayer, R.E.: The biopsychology of mood and arousal. Oxford University Press, New York (1989)
Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V.: Facial Action Coding System. Consulting Psychologists Press, Stanford University (1977)
Ortony, A., Clore, G.L., Collins, A.: The cognitive structure of emotions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1988)
Posner, J., Russell, J.A., Peterson, B.S.: The circumplex model of affect: An integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology 17(3), 715–734 (2005)
Aderman, D.: Elation, depression, and helping behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 24(1), 91–101 (1972)
Vardoulakis, L.P., Ring, L., Barry, B., Sidner, C., Bickmore, T.: Designing Relational Agents as Long Term Social Companions for Older Adults. In: Nakano, Y., et al. (eds.) IVA 2012. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 7502, pp. 289–302. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Russell, J.A., Weiss, A., Mendelsohn, G.A.: Affect grid: A single-item scale of pleasure and arousal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57(3), 493–502 (1989)
Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B.: lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using s4 classes (2011)
R Development Core Team: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria (2008) ISBN 3-900051-07-0
Scheipl, F., Greven, S., Küchenhoff, H.: Size and power of tests for a zero random effect variance or polynomial regression in additive and linear mixed models. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 52(7), 3283–3299 (2008)
de Melo, C.M., Carnevale, P., Gratch, J.: The effect of expression of anger and happiness in computer agents on negotiations with humans. In: The 10th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, AAMAS 2011, pp. 937–944. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Richland (2011)
Schulman, D., Bickmore, T.: Persuading users through counseling dialogue with a conversational agent. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Persuasive Technology, Persuasive 2009, pp. 25:1–25:8. ACM, New York (2009)
Bickmore, T., Schulman, D.: A virtual laboratory for studying long-term relationships between humans and virtual agents. In: Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, AAMAS 2009, vol. 1, pp. 297–304. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Richland (2009)
Carpenter, J.R., Goldstein, H., Rasbash, J.: A novel bootstrap procedure for assessing the relationship between class size and achievement 52(4), 431–443 (2003)
Titchener, E.B.: Lectures on the elementary psychology of feeling and attention. Arno Press, New York (1973)
Dijksterhuis, A., Smith, P.K.: Affective habituation: Subliminal exposure to extreme stimuli decreases their extremity. Emotion 2(3), 203–214 (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ring, L., Bickmore, T., Schulman, D. (2012). Longitudinal Affective Computing. In: Nakano, Y., Neff, M., Paiva, A., Walker, M. (eds) Intelligent Virtual Agents. IVA 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 7502. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33197-8_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33197-8_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-33196-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-33197-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)