Abstract
Utilization of camera systems for surveillance tasks (e. g. traffic monitoring) has become a standard procedure and has been in use for over 20 years. However, most of the cameras are operated locally and data analyzed manually. Locally means here a limited field of view and that the image sequences are processed independently from other cameras. For the enlargement of the observation area and to avoid occlusions and non-accessible areas multiple camera systems with overlapping and non-overlapping cameras are used. The joint processing of image sequences of a multi-camera system is a scientific and technical challenge. The processing is divided traditionally into camera calibration, object detection, tracking and interpretation. The fusion of information from different cameras is carried out in the world coordinate system. To reduce the network load, a distributed processing concept can be implemented.
Object detection and tracking are fundamental image processing tasks for scene evaluation. Situation assessments are based mainly on characteristic local movement patterns (e.g. directions and speed), from which trajectories are derived. It is possible to recognize atypical movement patterns of each detected object by comparing local properties of the trajectories. Interaction of different objects can also be predicted with an additional classification algorithm.
This presentation discusses trajectory based recognition algorithms for atypical event detection in multi object scenes to obtain area based types of information (e.g. maps of speed patterns, trajectory curvatures or erratic movements) and shows that two-dimensional areal data analysis of moving objects with multiple cameras offers new possibilities for situational analysis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abdel-Aziz, Y.I.: Photogrammetric Potential of Non Metric Cameras. PhD thesis, University of Illinois, Photogrammetric potential of non metric cameras (1974)
Abdel-Aziz, Y.I., Karara, H.M.: Direct linear transformation into object space coordinates in close-range photogrammetry. In: Symposium on CloseRange Photogrammetry, Urbana, Illinois, pp. 1–18 (1971)
Aköz, Ö., Elif Karsligil, M.: Video-based traffic accident analysis at intersection using partial vehicle trajectories. In: Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval, CIVR 2010, p. 335 (2010)
Anderson, B., Moor, J.: Optimal filtering. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Enlewood Cliffs (1979)
Basu, A., Licardie, S.: Alternative models for fish-eye lenses. Pattern Recognition 16(4), 433–441 (1995)
Blackman, S.S.: Multiple-target tracking with radar applications. Artech House, MA (1986)
Brown, D.C.: Close range camera calibration. Photogrammetric Engineering 37(8), 855–866 (1971)
Brown, D.C.: An advanced plate reduction for photogrammetric cameras. Technical report, Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories (1964)
Brown, D.C.: Decentering distortion of lenses. Photogrammetric Engineering 32(7), 444–462 (1965)
Burges, C.J.C.: A tutorial on support vector machines for pattern recognition. Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery 2, 121–167 (1998)
Chiu, W.-Y., Tsai, D.-M.: A Macro-Observation Scheme for Abnormal Event Detection in Daily-Life Video Sequences. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing 2010, 1–20 (2010)
Claus, D., Fitzgibbon, A.W.: A rational function lens distortion model for general cameras. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 213–219 (June 2005)
El-Hakim, S.F.: Real-time image meteorology with ccd cameras. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 52(11), 1757–1766 (1986)
Fischler, M.A., Bolles, R.C.: Random sample consensus: a paradigm for model fitting with applications to image analysis and automated cartography. Commun. ACM 24, 381–395 (1981)
Forbes, A.B.: Least-squares best fit geometric elements. Technical report, National Physical Laboratory of Great Britain, NPL-report, DITC 140/89 (1989)
Fraser, C.S., Edmundson, K.L.: Design and implementation of a computational processing system for off-line digital close-range photogrammetry. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 55(2), 94–104 (2000), doi:10.1016/S0924-2716(00)00010-1
Gennery, D.B.: Generalized camera calibration including fish-eye lenses. International Journal of Computer Vision 68, 239–266 (2002)
Heideklang, R.: Emplyoing a support vector machine to detect hazardous traffic situations, Student’s thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (2011)
Heikkil, J.: A polynomial camera model and calibration method for conventional, wide-angle, and fish-eye lenses. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 28(8), 1335–1340 (2006)
Javed, O., Shafique, K., Shah, M.: A hierarchical approach to robust background subtraction using color and gradient information. In: IEEE Workshop on Motion and Video Computing, p. 22 (2002)
Jiang, F., Wu, Y., Katsaggelos, A.K.: Abnormal Event Detection from Surveillance Video by Dynamic Hierarchical Clustering. In: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pp. 1:V – 145–V – 148 (2007)
Jiang, S., Ye, Q., Gao, W., Huang, T.: A new method to segment playfield and its applications in match analysis in sports video. In: MULTIMEDIA 2004: Proceedings of the 12th Annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 292–295. ACM Press, New York (2004)
Kannala, J., Brandt, S.S.: A generic camera model and calibration method for conventional, wide-angle, and fish-eye lenses. IEEE Tranactions. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 28, 1335–1340 (2006)
Kraus, K.: Photogrammetrie 1, 7th edn. Gruyter Verlag (2004) ISBN-10: 3110177080, ISBN-13: 978-3110177084
Leykin, A., Tuceryan, M.: A vision system for automated customer tracking for marketing analysis: Low level feature extraction. In: International Workshop on Human Activity Recognition and Modeling, pp. 1–7 (2005)
Liscano, R., Green, D.: Design and implementation of a trajectory generator for an indoor mobile robot. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/RJS International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. Tsukuba, Japan, pp. 380–385 (1989)
Luhmann, T., Robson, S., Kyle, S., Harley, I.: Close-Range Photogrammetry. Whittles Publishing (2006)
Ma, Y., Soatto, S., Košecká, J., Shankar Sastry, S.: An Invitation to 3-D Vision. Springer (2004)
Maggio, E., Cavallaro, A.: Video Tracking: Theory and Practice. John Wiley & Sons (2011)
Matas, J., Chum, O., Urban, M., Pajdla, T.: Robust wide-baseline stereo from maximally stable extremal regions. Image and Vision Computing 22(10), 761–767 (2004); British Machine Vision Computing 2002
McFarlane, N.J.B., Schofield, C.P.: Segmentation and tracking of piglets in images. Machine Vision and Applications 8(3), 187–193 (1995)
Nelson, W.L.: Continuous steering-function control of robot carts. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 36(3), 330–337 (1989)
Orekhov, V., Abidi, B., Broaddus, C., Abidi, M.: Universal camera calibration with automatic distortion model selection. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, vol. 6, pp. 397–400 (2007)
Pfeiffer, D., Reulke, R.: Trajectory-based scene description and classification. In: Stilla, U., Rottensteiner, F., Paparoditis, N. (eds.) Object Extraction for 3D City Models, Road Databases and Traffic Monitoring. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Science, vol. 38, pp. 41–46 (2009)
Piciarelli, C., Foresti, G.: On-line trajectory clustering for anomalous events detection. Pattern Recognition Letters 27(15), 1835–1842 (2006)
Prati, A., Mikic, I., Grana, C., Trivedi, M.M.: Shadow detection algorithms for traffic flow analysis: a comparative study. In: Proc. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conf., pp. 340–345 (2001)
Reulke, R., Bauer, S., Döring, T., Meysel, F.: Traffic surveillance using multi-camera detection and multi-target tracking. In: Cree, M. (ed.) Image and Vision Computing New Zealand 2007. University of Waikato, New Zealand (December 2007)
Reulke, R., Meysel, F., Bauer, S.: Situation Analysis and Atypical Event Detection with Multiple Cameras and Multi-Object Tracking. In: Sommer, G., Klette, R. (eds.) RobVis 2008. LNCS, vol. 4931, pp. 234–247. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Reulke, R., Bauer, S., Spangenberg, R.: Multi-camera detection and multi-target tracking. To be published in VISAPP - 3rd International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications (2008)
Reulke, R., Meffert, B., Piltz, B., Bauer, S., Hein, D., Hohloch, M., Kozempel, K.: Long-term investigations of quality and reliability of the video image detection system m3. In: International Workshop on Traffic Data Collection and its Standardization (2008)
Rueß, D., Manthey, K., Reulke, R.: An accurate 3d feature tracking system with wide-baseline stereo smart cameras. In: 2011 Fifth ACM/IEEE International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras (ICDSC), pp. 1–6 (August 2011)
Rueß, D., Reulke, R.: Ellipse Constraints for Improved Wide-Baseline Feature Matching and Reconstruction. In: Aggarwal, J.K., Barneva, R.P., Brimkov, V.E., Koroutchev, K.N., Korutcheva, E.R. (eds.) IWACA 2011. LNCS, vol. 6636, pp. 168–181. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Schneider, D., Schwalbe, E., Maas, H.-G.: Validation of geometric models for fisheye lenses. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 64(3), 259–266 (2009)
Sillito, R.R., Fisher, R.B.: Semi-supervised Learning for Anomalous Trajectory Detection. In: BMVC, vol. 27, pp. 1025–1044 (October 2008)
Treutner, N., Hellwig, S., Rueß, D.: A framework for people tracking and situation evaluation in multi-camera outdoor environments. In: Paul, L., Stanke, G., Pochanke, M. (eds.) 3D-Nordost, GFaI (2011)
Yao, B., Wang, L., Zhu, S.-C.: Learning a Scene Contextual Model for Tracking and Abnormality Detection. In: 2008 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, pp. 1–8 (June 2008)
Zhang, Z.: A flexible new technique for camera calibraion. Technical report, Microsoft Research, A Flexible New Technique For Camera Calibraion (1998)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Reulke, R., Rueß, D., Manthey, K., Luber, A. (2012). Traffic Observation and Situation Assessment. In: Dellaert, F., Frahm, JM., Pollefeys, M., Leal-Taixé, L., Rosenhahn, B. (eds) Outdoor and Large-Scale Real-World Scene Analysis. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7474. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34091-8_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34091-8_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-34090-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-34091-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)