Skip to main content

The Current Environmental Strategy Reporting Model: What can be Learned from Corporate Reports?

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Accounting Information Systems for Decision Making

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation ((LNISO,volume 3))

Abstract

This paper explores the information on environmental strategy. Our interest is to understand whether corporate reports are useful to assess a firm’s environmental performance. We developed an empirical investigation of annual reports and social reports of large public firms. Using content analysis, our findings show major differences among companies in sensitive, manufacturing/service and financial sectors in terms of: integration of environmental issues into corporate reporting model; disclosure of environmental information. We offer some relevant insights on the overlooked relation between environmental disclosure and environmental performance and on the predominant use of environmental qualitative and/or non financial measures. The study shows that there is: a lack of consideration paid to the relationship between environmental strategies and environmental performance; high variability and limited standardization in environmental practices. Consequently the comparability of environmental performance is very low. Furthermore, integrating theoretical and empirical findings, we suggest some implications to improve environmental disclosure practices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Siegel, D.S.: Green management matters only if it yields more green: An economic/strategic perspective. Acad. Manage. Perspect. 23(3), 5–16 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Aragon-Correa, J.A., Sharma, S.: A contingent resource based view of proactive corporate environmental strategy. Acad. Manage. Rev. 28(1), 71–88 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Sharma, S., Vredenburg, H.: Proactive corporate environmental strategy and the development of competitively valuable organizational capabilities. Strateg. Manage. J. 19(8), 729–753 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Epstein, M.J., Roy, M.: Sustainability in action: Identifying and measuring the key performance drivers. Long Range Plan. 34(5), 585–604 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Porter, M.E., van der Linde, C.: Green and competitive. Harvard Bus. Rev. 73(5), 120–134 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Perego, P., Hartmann, F.: Aligning performance measurement systems with strategy: The case of environmental strategy. Abacus 45(4), 395–428 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Clarkson, P.M., Overell, M.B., Chapple, L.: Environmental reporting and its relation to corporate environmental performance. Abacus 47(1), 27–60 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Van Staden, C.J., Hooks, J.: A comprehensive comparison of corporate environmental reporting and responsiveness. Brit. Acc. Rev. 39(3), 197–210 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hughes, S.B., Anderson, A., Golden, S.: Corporate environmental disclosures: Are they useful in determining environmental performance? J. Account Public Policy 20(3), 217–240 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Deegan, C.: Introduction: The legitimising effect of social and environmental disclosures—a theoretical foundation. Acc. Auditing Accountability J. 15(3), 282–311 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Gray, R., Kouhy, R., Lavers, S.: Corporate social and environmental reporting: A review of the literature and a longitudinal study of UK disclosure. Acc. Auditing Accountability J. 8(2), 47–77 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Beck, C.A., Campbell, D., Shrives, P.J.: Content analysis in environmental reporting research: Enrichment and rehearsal of the method in a British-German context. Brit. Acc. Rev. 42(2), 207–222 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Freeman, R.E.: Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Pitman, Boston (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Coda, V.: La valutazione della formula imprenditoriale. Sviluppo Organizzazione 82, 7–15 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Collis, D.J., Montgomery, C.: Corporate Strategy. McGraw-Hill, New York (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Banerjee, S.B.: Corporate environmentalism: The construct and its measurement. J. Bus. Res. 55(3), 177–191 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lee, S.Y., Rhee, S.K.: The change in corporate environmental strategies: A longitudinal empirical study. Manag. Decis. 45(2), 196–216 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Sharma, S., Enriques, I.: Stakeholder influences on sustainability practices in the Canadian forest products industry. Strateg. Manage. Ind. 26(2), 159–180 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Freedman, M., Jaggi, B.: An analysis of the association between pollution disclosures and economic performance. Acc. Auditing Accountability J. 1(2), 43–58 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ansoff, I.H.: Implanting Strategic Management. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Berry, M.A., Rondinelli, D.A.: Proactive corporate environmental management: A new industrial revolution. Acad. Manage. Executive 12(2), 38–50 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Hart, S.L.: Beyond greening: Strategies for a sustainable world. Harvard Bus. Rev. 75(1), 66–76 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Marcus, A.A., Fremeth, A.R.: Green management matters regardless. Acad. Manage. Perspect. 23(3), 17–26 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Montabon, F., Sroufe, R., Narasimhan, R.: An examination of corporate reporting, environmental management practices and firm performance. J. Oper. Manage. 25(5), 998–1014 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Holland, L., Boon Foo, Y.: Differences in environmental reporting practices in the U.K. and the U.S.: The legal and regulatory context. Brit. Acc. Rev. 35(1), 1–18 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Kolk, A., Walhain, S., van de Wateringen, S.: Environmental reporting by the fortune global 250: Exploring the influence of nationality and sector. Bus. Strategy Env. 10(1), 15–28 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Cowen, S., Ferreri, L., Parker, L.: The impact of corporate characteristics on social responsibility disclosure: A typology and frequency-based analysis. Acc. Organ. Soc. 12(2), 111–122 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Patten, D.M.: The relation between environmental performance and environmental disclosure: A research note. Acc. Organ. Soc. 27(8), 763–773 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Ullman, A.E.: Data in search of a theory: A critical examination of the relationship among social performance, social disclosure and economic performance of US firms. Acad. Manage. Rev. 10(3), 540–557 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Milne, M.J., Adler, R.W.: Exploring the reliability of social and environmental disclosures content analysis. Acc. Auditing Accountability J. 12(2), 237–256 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Deegan, C., Rankin, M.: Do Australian corporate report environmental news objectively? An analysis of environmental disclosures by firms prosecuted successfully by the environmental protection authority. Acc. Auditing Accountability 9(2), 50–67 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Wilmshurst, T.D., Frost, G.R.: Corporate environmental reporting: A test of legitimacy theory. Acc. Auditing Accountability 13(1), 10–26 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Guthrie, J.E., Parker, L.D.: A quarter of a century of performance auditing in the Australian federal public sector: A malleable masque. Abacus 35(3), 302–332 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Guthrie, J., Abeysekera, I.: Using content analysis as a research method to inquire into social and environmental disclosure: What is new? J. Hum. Resour. Costing Acc. 10(2), 114–126 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Williams, S.M.: Voluntary environmental and social accounting disclosure practices in the Asia-pacific region: An international empirical test of political economy theory. Int. J. Acc. 34, 209–238 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Abbott, W.F., Monsen, R.J.: On the measurement of corporate social responsibility: Self-reported disclosures as a method of measuring corporate social involvement. Acad. Manage. Rev. 22(3), 501–515 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Campbell, D.: A longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of environmental disclosure in UK companies—a research note. Brit. Acc. Rev. 36(1), 107–117 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Deegan, C., Rankin, M., Voght, P.: Firms’ disclosure reactions to major social incidents: Australian evidence. Acc. Forum 24(1), 101–130 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Maali, B., Casson, P., Napier, C.: Social reporting by Islamic banks. Abacus 42(2), 266–289 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Wiseman, J.: An evaluation of environmental disclosures made in corporate annual reports. Acc. Organ. Soc. 7(1), 53–63 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Brammer, S., Pavelin, S.: Factors influencing the quality of corporate environmental disclosure. Bus. Strategy Env. 17(2), 120–136 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Quagli, A., Teodori, C.: L’Informativa Volontaria per Settori di Attività. Franco Angeli, Milano (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Adams, C., Hill, W.Y., Roberts, C.B.: Corporate social reporting practices in Western Europe: legitimating corporate behavior. Brit. Acc. Rev. 30(1), 1–21 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Clarkson, P.M., Li, Y., Richardson, G.D., Vasvari, F.P.: Revisiting the relation between environmental performance and environmental disclosure: An empirical analysis. Acc. Organ. Soc. 33(4–5), 303–327 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Wheeler, D., Elkington, J.: The end of the corporate environmental report? Or the advent of cybernetic sustainability reporting and communication. Bus. Strategy. Env. 10(1), 1–14 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Epstein, M.J., Freedman, M.: Social disclosure and the individual investor. Acc. Auditing Accountability J. 7(4), 94–109 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Cormier, D., Gordon, I.M.: An examination of social and environmental reporting strategies. Acc. Auditing Accountability J. 14(5), 587–616 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Andersen, B., Fagerhaug, T.: Green performance measurement’. Int. J. Bus. Perform. Meas. 1(2), 171–185 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Bebbington, J., Gray, R.: An account of sustainability: Failure, success and reconceptualization. Crit. Perspect. Acc. 12(5), 557–588 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Bennet, M., James, P., Klinkers, L.: Sustainable Measures: Evaluation and Reporting of Environmental and Social Performance. Greenleaf Publishing, UK (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Gamble, G., Hsu, K., Kite, D., Radtke, R.: Environmental disclosures in annual reports and 10 Ks, an examination. Acc. Horiz. 9(3), 34–54 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Harte, G., Owen, D.: Environmental disclosures in the annual reports of British companies: A research note. Acc. Auditing Accountability J. 4(3), 51–61 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Fekrat, M., Inclan, C., Petroni, D.: Corporate environmental disclosures: Competitive disclosure hypothesis using 1991 annual report data. Int. J. Acc. 31(2), 175–195 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Deegan, C., Gordon, B.: A study of the environmental disclosure practices of Australian corporations. Acc. Bus. Res. 26(3), 187–199 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Frost, G.R.: The introduction of mandatory environmental reporting guidelines: Australian evidence. Abacus 43(2), 190–216 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Global environment management initiative (GEMI), environment: Value to business www.gemi.org (1998)

  57. Habler, R., Reinhardt, D.: Environmental-Rating: An Indicator of Corporate Environmental Performance: An Introduction to the Methodology, Greener Management International, vol. 29 (spring), pp. 18–26 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Ilinitch, A.Y., Soderstrom, N.S., Thomas, T.E.: Measuring corporate environmental performance. J. Acc. Public Policy 17(4–5), 383–408 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Tyteca, D., Carlens, J., Berkhout, F., Hertin, J., Wehrmeyer, W., Wagner, M.: Corporate environmental performance evaluation: Evidence from the MEPI project. Bus. Strategy Env. 11(1), 1–13 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Consiglio Nazionale dei Dottori Commercialisti e degli Esperti Contabili (CNDCEC): La relazione sulla gestione—Art. 2428 Codice Civile. www.cndced.it (2009)

  61. Consiglio Nazionale dei Dottori Commercialisti e degli Esperti Contabili (CNDCEC): Informativa sull’ambiente e sul personale nella Relazione sulla gestione. www.cndcec.it (2011)

  62. Global reporting initiative (GRI): G3 guidelines. GRI, Amsterdam (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Sroufe, R., Montabon, F., Narasimhan, F., Wang, X.: Environmental management practices: A framework. Greener Manage. Int. 40 (winter), 23–44 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Lucas, M.T.: Understanding environmental management practices: Integrating views from strategic management and ecological economics. Bus. Strategy Env. 19(8), 543–556 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Xie, S., Hayase, K.: Corporate environmental performance evaluation: A measurement model and a new concept. Bus. Strategy Env. 16(2), 148–168 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Bertini, U.: Scritti di Politica Aziendale. Giappichelli, Torino (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  67. Kaplan, R.S., Norton, D.P.: Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action. Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  68. Micheli, P., Manzoni, J.F.: Strategic performance measurement: Benefits, limitations and paradoxes. Long Range Plan. 43(4), 465–476 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Epstein, M.J., Roy, M.: Managing corporate environmental performance: A multinational perspective. Eur. Manage. Rev. 16(3), 284–296 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  70. Simons, R., Davila, A., Kaplan, R.S.: Performance Measurement and Control Systems for Implementing Strategy: Text and Cases. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  71. Andrei, P., Pesci, C.: L’area di Riferimento del Bilancio Socio-Ambientale nei Gruppi Aziendali: Spunti Critici di Riflessione Emergenti da un’Indagine Empirica. Financial reporting, vol. 1(2), pp. 45–70 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  72. Noci, G.: Environmental reporting in Italy: Current practice and future developments. Bus. Strategy. Env. 9(4), 211–223 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Striukova, L., Unermann, J., Guthrie, J.: Corporate reporting of intellectual capital: Evidence from UK companies. Brit. Acc. Rev. 40(4), 297–313 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Neu, D., Warsame, H., Pedwell, K.: Managing public impressions: Environmental disclosures in annual reports. Acc. Organ. Soc. 23(3), 265–282 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Jones, K., Alabaster, T., Hetherington, K.: Internet-Based Environmental Reporting: Current Trends. Greener Manage. Int. 26 (summer), 69–90 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  76. Guthrie, J., Petty, R., Yongvanich, K., Ricceri, F.: Using content analysis as a research method to inquire into capital reporting. J. Intellect. Capital 5(2), 282–293 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Beattie, V., Thomson, S.J.: Lifting the lid on the use of content analysis to investigate intellectual capital disclosures. Acc. Forum 31(2), 129–163 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Unermann, J.: Methodological issues-reflections on quantification in corporate social reporting content analysis. Acc. Auditing. Accountability J. 13(5), 667–681 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Krippendorf, K.: Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology. Sage Publications, Newbury Park (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  80. Guthrie, J., Parker, L.: Corporate social disclosure practice: A comparative international analysis. Adv. Public Interest Acc. 3, 159–173 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  81. Hackstone, D., Milne, M.J.: Some determinants of social and environmental disclosures in New Zealand companies. Auditing Acc. Accountability J. 9(1), 77–108 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Bowen, F.E.: Environmental visibility: A trigger of green organizational responsiveness? Bus. Strategy. Env. 9(2), 92–107 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Morris, S.: Environmental pollution and competitive advantage: An exploratory study of U.S. industrial-goods manufacturers. The Academy of Management Conference Proceedings. The Academy of Management, New York (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  84. Hoffman, A.J.: Institutional evolution and change: Environmentalism and the U.S. chemical industry. Acad. Manage. J. 42(4), 351–371 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Schaltegger, S., Burritt, R.: Contemporary Environmental Accounting: Issues, Concept and Practice. Sheffield, Greenleaf (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  86. Magness, V.: Strategic posture, financial performance and environmental disclosure: An empirical test of legitimacy theory. Acc. Auditing Accountability J. 19(4), 540–563 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Boutin-Dufresne, F., Savaria, P.: Corporate social responsibility and financial risk. J. Investing 13(1), 57–66 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Waddock, S., Graves, S.: Finding the link between stakeholder relations and quality of management. J. Investing 6(4), 20–25 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. De Villiers, C., van Staden, C.J.: Shareholders’ requirements for corporate environmental disclosures: A cross country comparison. Brit. Acc. Rev. 42(4), 227–240 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stefano Garzella .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Garzella, S., Fiorentino, R. (2013). The Current Environmental Strategy Reporting Model: What can be Learned from Corporate Reports?. In: Mancini, D., Vaassen, E., Dameri, R. (eds) Accounting Information Systems for Decision Making. Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35761-9_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics