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4 Fungal Toxins of Agricultural Importance

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Agricultural Applications

Part of the book series: The Mycota ((MYCOTA,volume 11))

Abstract

Fungi produce a diverse array of toxins that contribute both positively and negatively to agriculture. We describe phytotoxins which have defined roles in plant disease, as well as mycotoxins which generally have no direct role in disease but have significant impacts on animals that feed on infected host plants. We have included examples of host-specific phytotoxins which act upon a very narrow range of susceptible host genotypes, and non-specific phytotoxins which can affect a wide range of plants. We also describe fungal secondary metabolites that underpin certain mutualistic symbioses. Toxins are described based on their core biosynthesis, and include agriculturally important examples of non-ribosomally synthesised peptides, polyketide-based peptides, proteinaceous phytotoxins, sesquiterpenoid-containing compounds and miscellaneaous toxins of herbivores. The role of each toxin in the plant–fungus interaction, as well as the biochemistry and molecular basis of toxin biosynthesis, will be described.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the authors of the previous edition, D. G. Panaccione (West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA), T. L. Friesen, and J.B. Rasmussen (both of North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA) who provided some of the framework and text for the current work. We thank C. L. Schardl (University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA) for providing the chemical structures of epichloae secondary metabolites, and Joy Dick and Rosemary van Essen (AgResearch, New Zealand) for searching the literature for relevant articles. We would like to acknowledge funding from the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology (C10X0815), Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (23380025) from the Japanese Society for Promotion of Sciences (JSPS), and the Global COE Program, MEXT, Japan, and funding from the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, 11008, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand

    Richard D. Johnson, Damien J. Fleetwood & Christine R. Voisey

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan

    Yasunori Akagi & Motoichiro Kodama

  3. AgResearch Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand

    Damien J. Fleetwood

  4. CSIRO, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia

    Donald M. Gardiner

  5. Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA

    Carolyn A. Young

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  1. Richard D. Johnson
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Correspondence to Richard D. Johnson .

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  1. Universität Kiel Botanisches Institut, Kiel, Germany

    Frank Kempken

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Johnson, R.D. et al. (2013). 4 Fungal Toxins of Agricultural Importance. In: Kempken, F. (eds) Agricultural Applications. The Mycota, vol 11. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36821-9_4

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