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Reduced Genomes from Parasitic Plant Plastids: Templates for Minimal Plastomes?

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Progress in Botany

Part of the book series: Progress in Botany ((BOTANY,volume 75))

Abstract

Plastids are the characteristic cell organelles of plants. While movement, loss, and replacement of whole plastids have occurred in single-celled algae and some parasites derived thereof, land plants have shown more moderate twists in plastid evolution. Here, the most poignant deviations are the reduction in size and coding capacity of plastid genomes as a consequence of a heterotrophic lifestyle in haustorial parasites and mycoheterotrophic plants, which will be broadly summarized in this article as “parasitic plants”. While the loss of photosynthesis genes can be easily explained with the vanishing of a photoautotrophic lifestyle, other gene losses are more difficult to reconcile with persisting regulatory and metabolic functions of the reduced plastids. An assessment of plastid gene essentiality using tobacco plastome mutants revealed that the catalog of losses even includes genes for the gene expression apparatus that are essential for cell viability under heterotrophic conditions. We will discuss whether these genes really are dispensable and to what degree minimal parasitic plant plastomes could be blueprints for artificial plastid genomes.

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Acknowledgements

A. Tooming-Klunderud (Norwegian High-Throughput Sequencing Centre, University of Oslo, Norway) is thanked for 454 sequence generation of Cuscuta ESTs. Dr. R. Schwacke (Tromsø, Norway) and J. Hollmann (University of Kiel, Germany) are thanked for helping with bioinformatic evaluation of transcriptome data. We thank Prof. I. Dörr and Dr. T. van der Kooij for sharing their electron micrographs of Cuscuta.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department for Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, Dramsvegen 201, 9037, Tromsø, Norway

    Kirsten Krause

  2. Max-Plank Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany

    Lars B. Scharff

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  1. Kirsten Krause
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Correspondence to Kirsten Krause .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Darmstadt, Germany

    Ulrich Lüttge

  2. Universität Bielefeld FB Geobotanik, Bielefeld, Germany

    Wolfram Beyschlag

  3. MS330/Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA

    John Cushman

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Krause, K., Scharff, L.B. (2014). Reduced Genomes from Parasitic Plant Plastids: Templates for Minimal Plastomes?. In: Lüttge, U., Beyschlag, W., Cushman, J. (eds) Progress in Botany. Progress in Botany, vol 75. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38797-5_3

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