Abstract
This chapter is organized as follows: The introduction identifies the purpose of the document and redefines the concept of territorial policy. Next, a theoretical approach is described that includes a discussion of the nature of territorial issues, a fundamental aspect of policy interventions in the territory. The historical overview traces the origins of policy interventions in Latin America on the basis of two foundational experiences: the Tennessee Valley Authority, which was established by Roosevelt in the 1930s, and the Cassa per ilMezzogiorno, a development agency created in southern Italy in 1950. In each case, I present the most important Latin American replicas of those experiences. The section on paradigmatic territorial policies provides a detailed examination of the evolution of these instruments. Next, the discussion of the objectives of territorial interventions and their results reviews the goals that were set and the outcomes. My hypothesis regarding a more than evident failure explains the reasons why success was not achieved. The section on key events from the twenty-first century addresses new interventionist trends in Brazil and Chile and the World Bank’s 2009 report on the global economy as a significant milestone from this century. Finally, the conclusions describe the overarching weaknesses of the approaches and interventions that have been developed thus far.
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Notes
- 1.
The fact that the word development is underlined is not coincidental: it denotes the change of the role of the government in neoliberalism.
- 2.
See Experiencias de planificación regional en América Latina: Una teoría en busca de una práctica, 1981. Compiled by S. Boisier, F. Cepeda, J. Hilhorst, S. Riffka, Uribe Echevarría, ILPES, SIAP, Santiago de Chile
- 3.
This does not mean that it is a matter of greater free mobility. On the contrary, knowledge is increasingly privatized, to say nothing of capital.
- 4.
This metaphor should be understood as referring to the cognitive and innovative nucleus of globalization.
- 5.
Althusser L. Ideology and ideological state apparatus, Freud and Lacan, 1969, http://www.sociologia.de
- 6.
Certainly, the logic of the system does not always match the logic of its individual actors. This explains behavior and ambivalence in the discourse and in the practice of free trade by the more industrialized countries. However, there can be no doubt as to who will impose their logic. This temporal contradiction had already been noted by Gramsci.
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Boisier, S. (2013). The Origins, Development and Current State of Territorial Policies in Latin America in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries. In: Cuadrado-Roura, J., Aroca, P. (eds) Regional Problems and Policies in Latin America. Advances in Spatial Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39674-8_4
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