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PET and SPECT in Sleep Disorders

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PET and SPECT in Psychiatry

Abstract

Sleep disorders have been the subject of a number of positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography studies. Narcoleptic patients displayed decreased hypothalamic and thalamic perfusion during resting wakefulness, which may be related to hypocretinergic deficiency and altered vigilance. In restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements, hypoactivity in pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic transmission in the striatum and substantia nigra may underlie compulsive limb movements. Sleepwalking showed specific brain perfusion changes during slow wave sleep and wakefulness, possibly indicative of a dissociated state. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder patients showed changes in blood flow in the pons, frontal lobes, striatum, and hippocampus, linking this disorder to later onset of Parkinson’s disease. Localized brain metabolism increases during non-rapid eye movement sleep in insomnia and depression are in line with the “hyperarousal” hypothesis underlying sleep disturbances in these patients. Even with these insights, radioisotope imaging in sleep medicine is still in its infancy. Further research should aim to increase sample sizes, provide adequate control groups, and acquire additional timepoints for imaging, for instance, before, during, and after the onset of symptoms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, Room SP 165.27, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada

    Thien Thanh Dang-Vu MD, PhD

  2. Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Thien Thanh Dang-Vu MD, PhD & Jordan O’Byrne BSc

  3. Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada

    Jordan O’Byrne BSc, Oupam Malhi, Lindsay Reed, Audrée Arcelin & Nidhusha Vijayakumar MD, PhD

  4. Department of Psychiatry, University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital 13, Sart Tilman (Bâtiment B35), Liege, 4000, Belgium

    Gladys Mikolajczak MD

  5. Department of Psychology, University of Namur Medical School, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur, 5000, Belgium

    Martin Desseilles MD, PhD

  6. Clinique Psychiatrique des Frères Alexiens, Henri-Chapelle, Belgium

    Martin Desseilles MD, PhD

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Correspondence to Thien Thanh Dang-Vu MD, PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx

  2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences Offenburg, Offenburg, Germany

    Andreas Otte

  3. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Erik F. J. de Vries

  4. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Aren van Waarde

  5. Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands

    Johan A. den Boer

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Dang-Vu, T.T. et al. (2014). PET and SPECT in Sleep Disorders. In: Dierckx, R., Otte, A., de Vries, E., van Waarde, A., den Boer, J. (eds) PET and SPECT in Psychiatry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40384-2_34

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