Skip to main content

Floral Ecology Report on the Years 1981(79) to 1985

  • Chapter
Progress in Botany

Part of the book series: Progress in Botany/Fortschritte der Botanik ((BOTANY,volume 47))

Abstract

The great interest in floral ecology is reflected by the dramatically increasing number of publications in recent years. Books: MEEUSE and MORRIS (1984), LEAL (Ed. 1983), JONES and LITTLE (Ed. 1983), BARTH (1982), HESS (1983), DOBAT and PEIKERT-HOLLE (1985). Symposium reports: Christchurch (Ed. RUSCOE 1979), Sydney (Ed. ARMSTRONG et al. 1982), Amsterdam (Ed. van HEEL 1983), Versailles (Ed. INRA Publ. 1984). History and current tendencies: BAKER (1983) JANZEN (1983), SUBBA REDDI and REDDI (1984). One of the more important ideas emerging is that “interaction” is very often not synonymous with coevolution, and that plant-animal interactions can be highly asymmetrical in their selective effects, as is the case for many pollination systems (e.g. SCHEMSKE 1983b).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ackerman, J.D.: Madroño 28, 101–110 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ackerman, J.D.: Am. J. Bot. 70, 830–834 (1983a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ackerman, J.D.: Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 20, 301–314 (1983b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ackerman, J.D., Montalvo, A.M.: Biotropica 17, 79–81 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ackerman, J.D., Mesler, M.R., Lu, K.L., Montalvo, A.M.: Biotropica 14, 241–248 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Aker, C.L., Udovic, D.: Oecologia 49, 96–101 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ananthakrishnan, T.N.: Curr. Sci. 51, 168–172 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, D.L., Sedgley, M., Short, J.R.T., Allwood, A.J.: Austr. J. Agric. Res 33, 541–548 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, G.J., Levine, D.A.: Taxon 31, 667–672 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, G.J., Stebbins, G.L.: Am. Nat. 124, 423–428 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Appanah, S.: Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 18, 11–34 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Armbruster, W.S.: Am. J. Bot. 71, 1149–1160 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Armbruster, W.S., Webster, G.L.: Acta Amazonica 11, 13–17 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Am. Midl. Nat. 108, 325-337 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, J.A., Powell, J.M., Richards, A.J. (Eds.): Pollination and Evolution. Sydney: Royal Botanic Gardens 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arroyo, M.T.K., Primack, R., Armesto, J.: Am. J. Bot. 69, 82–97 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Arroyo, M.T.K., Armesto, J., Primack, R.: Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 56, 159–180 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Atsatt, P.R., Rundel, P.W.: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 69, 199–208 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Augspurger, C.K.: Ecology 62, 775–788 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, H.G.: An outline of the history of anthecology, or pollination biology, 7–28. In: Pollination Biology, ed. L. Real. Orlando, London: Academic Press 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, H.G.: Am. Nat. 124, 149–158 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, H.G., Baker, I.: Chemical constituents of nectar in relation to pollination mechanisms and phylogeny, 131–171. In: Biochemical Aspects of Evolutionary Biology, ed. M.H. Nitecki. Chicago, London: Univ. Chicago Press 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, H.G., Baker, I.: Some Evolutionary And Taxonomic Implications Of Variation In The Chemical Reserve Of Pollen, 43–52. In: Pollen: Biology and Implications for Plant Breeding, eds. D.L. Mulcahy, E. Ottaviano. New York: Elsevier 1983a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, H.G., Baker, I.: Floral Nectar Sugar Constituents In Relation To Pollinator type, 117–141. In: Handbook of Experimental Pollination Biology, eds. C.E. Jones, R.J. Little. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold 1983b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, I., Baker, H.G.: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 66, 446–450 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, I., Baker, H.G.: Erythrina Symp. Allertonia 3, 25–37 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, S.C.H.: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 71, 278–288 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, S.C.H., Price, S.D., Shore, J.S.: Evolution 37, 745–759 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrow, D.A., Pickard, R. S.: Ecol. Entomol. 9, 369–373 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barth, F.G.: Biologie einer Begegnung, 304 pp. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, P.J.: Am. J. Bot. 70, 134–144 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bawa, K.S.: Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11, 15–39 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bawa, K.S.: Am. Nat. 119, 866–871 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bawa, K.S.: Patterns Of Flowering In Tropical Plants, 394–410. In: Handbook of Experimental Pollination Biology, eds. C.E. Jones, R.J. Little. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bawa, K.S., Beach, J.H.: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68, 254–274 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bawa, K.S., Beach, J.H.: Am. J. Bot. 70, 1281–1288 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bawa, K.S., Webb, C.J.: Evolution 37, 1271–1282 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bawa, K.S., Webb, C.J.: Am. J. Bot. 71, 736–751 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bawa, K.S., Webb, C.J., Tuttle, A.F.: Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 85, 213–223 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beach, J.H.: Am. J. Bot. 69, 1074–1081 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beach, J.H.: Principes 28, 107–119 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beach, J.H., Kress, W.J.: Syst. Bot. 5, 1–5 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beare, M.H., Perkins, W.E.: Am. J. Bot. 69, 579–584 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beattie, A.J., Turnbull, C., Knox, R.B., Williams, E.G.: Am. J. Bot. 71, 421–426 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentley, B., Elias, T. (Eds.): The biology of Nectaries, 259 pp. New York: Columbia Univ. Press 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernhardt, P.: Aust. J. Bot. 80, 175–184 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernhardt, P.: The Floral Biology Of Amyema In South-Eastern Australia, 87–100. In: The Biology of Mistletoes, eds. D.M. Calder, P. Bernhardt. Sydney: Academic Press Australia 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernhardt, P.: Aust. J. Bot. 32, 73–86 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernhardt, P., Calder, D.M.: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 108, 213–230 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernhardt, P., Knox, R.B.: Am. J. Bot. 70, 1313–1319 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernhardt, P., Knox, R.B., Calder, D.M.: Aust. J. Bot. 28, 437–451 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, P.E.: Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 69, 1–198 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertin, R. I., Willson, M.F.: can. J. Bot. 58, 1744–1746 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertsch, A.: Oecologia 59, 40–48 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertsch, A.: Oecologia 62, 325–336 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Best, L.S., Bierzychudek, P.: Evolution 36, 70–79 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bierzychudek, P.: Reprod. Bot. Suppl. Biotropica 13, 54–58 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bino, R.J., Dafni, A., Meeuse, A.D.J.: New Phytol. 90, 315–319 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bino, R.J., Devente, N., Meeuse, A.D.J.: Proc. K. Ned. Akad. C 87, 15–24 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Borchert, R.: Biotropica 15 81–89 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyden, T.C.: Oecologia 55, 178–184 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brantjes, N.B.M.: Acta Bot. Neerl. 30, 317–318 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brantjes, N.B.M.: Plant Syst. Evol. 141, 41–52 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brantjes, N.B.M.: Acta Bot. Neerl. 32, 213–222 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Breslina, I.P.: Sov. J. Ecol. 10, 120-126 (Engl. transi. Ekologiya) (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brink, D.: Oecologia 52, 292–294 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, B.A., Clegg, M.T.: Evolution 38, 796–803 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, L.M., Parker, F.D.: Utah Sci. 45, 41–43 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchman, S.L.: J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 53, 685–699 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchman, S.L., Buchman, M.D.: Reprod. Bot. Suppl. Biotropica 13, 7–24 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bullock, S.H.: Principes 25, 101–105 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bullock, S.H., Bawa, K.S.: Ecology 62, 1494–1504 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bullock, S.H., Beach, J.H., Bawa, K.S.: Ecology 64, 851–861 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Camargo, J.M.F., Gottsberger, G., Silberbauer-Gottsberger, I.: Beitr. Biol. Pflanz. 59, 159–179 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Camazine, S., Niklas, K.J.: Am. J. Bot 71, 843–850 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cane, J.H., Eickwort, G.C., Wesley, F.R., Spielholz, J.: Am. Midl. Nat. 110, 257–264 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlquist, S.: Aliso 9, 411–461 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, F.L.: Am. Zool. 19, 1105–1114 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Casper, B.B., Charnov, E.L.: J. Theor. Biol. 96, 143–149 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Casper, B.B., La Pine, T.R.: Evolution 38, 128–141 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Catling, P.M.: Can. J. Bot. 61, 1080–1093 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Catling, P.M., Knerer, G.: Can. Field Nat. 94, 435–438 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Charlesworth, D.: Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 23, 333–348 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chauveau, M., Lance, C.: Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. Actual. Bot. 129, 123–134 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clay, K.: Evolution 36, 734–741 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clay, K.: Am. J. Bot. 70, 835–843 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clay, K., Ellstrand, N.C.: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 108, 305–310 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, F.R., Firmage, D.H.: Am. J. Bot. 71, 700–710 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J.R., Coleman, J.R.: Biotropica 14, 69–75 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Colin, L.J., Jones, Ce.: Am. J. Bot. 67, 210–215 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, B.G.: J.S. Afr. Bot. 49, 125–142 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, B.G., Briffa, P.: Aust. Wildl. Res. 9, 557–569 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, P.D.: Flower Color, structure and fleshy fruited plants in an ecological context in northern Utah and adjacent areas. 70 pp. Brigham Young University, Ph. D. Thesis 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connor, H.E.: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68, 48–74 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, C.D.K.: Pollination mechanisms in the Hydrocharitaceae, 1–15. In: Studies on Aquatic Vascular Plants, eds. J.J. Symoens, S.S. Hooper, P. Compere. Brussels: Royal Botanical Society of Belgium 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, C.D.K., Lüönd, R., Nair, B.: Aquat. Bot. 10, 61–68 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbet, S.A., Willmer, P.G.: Oecologia 51, 412–418 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbet, S.A., Willmer, P.G., Beament, J.W.L., Unwin, D.M., Prŷs-Jones, O.E.: Plants, Cell Environ. 2, 293–308 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbet, S.A., Beament, J., Eisikowitch, D.: Plant, Cell Environ. 5, 125–129 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, P.A.: Am. Nat. 117, 295–307 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, P.A.: Nat. Hist. 11, 42–48 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Crepet, W.L.: Nat. Hist. 4, 39–45 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Croat, T.B.: Phytologia 42, 319–347 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cruden, R.W., Miller-Ward, S.: Evolution 35, 964–974 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dafni, A.: J. Ecol. 71, 467–474 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dafni, A.: Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 15, 259–278 (1984a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dafni, A.: Pollination In Orchis And Related Genera. In: Orchid Biology IV, ed. J. Arditti. Ithaca: Cornell University Press 1984b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dafni, A., Ivri, Y.: Oecologia 49, 229–232 (1981a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dafni, A., Ivri, Y.: Plant Syst. Evol. 137, 229–240 (1981b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dafni, A., Ivri, Y., Brantjes, N.B.M.: Acta Bot. Neerl. 30, 69–73 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidar, P.: Biotropica 15, 32–37 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M.A.: Oecologia 48, 400–406 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Devlin, B., Stephenson, A.G.: Bot. Gaz. 145, 323–328 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dilcher, D., Crane, P.R.: Nat. Hist. 21 57–60 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Disney, R.H.L.: Naturalist 105, 45–50 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobat, K., Peikert-Holle, T.: Blüten und Fledermäuse, eds. SENCKEN-BERGISCHE NATURFORSCHENDE GESELLSCHAFT. 370 pp. Frankfurt: Kramer 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobkin, D.S.: Oecologia 64, 245–254 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, S.: Can. J. Bot. 61, 3494–3501 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dressler, R.L.: The Orchids. 332 pp. London: Harvard Univ. Press 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duhoux, E.: Rev. Ecol. 38, 229–231 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dulberger, R.: Am. J. Bot. 68, 1350–1360 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dul-Berger, R., Levy, A., Palevitch, D.: Bot. Gaz. 142, 259–266 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisikowitch, D.: Nat. Hist. 14, 737–742 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellstrand, N.C., Lord, E.M., Eckard, K.J.: Bot. Gaz. 145, 329–333 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Elvers, I.: Bot. Not. 133, 49–52 (1980)?

    Google Scholar 

  • Elvers, I.: Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. 77, 279–288 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Endress, P.K.: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 101, 393–433 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Endress, P.K.: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 104, 297–319 (1984a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Endress, P.K.: Plant Syst. Evol. 146, 269–282 (1984b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Endress, P.K.: Flora 176, 95–98 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Endress, P.K., Lorence, D.H.: Plant Syst. Evol. 143, 53–81 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Feinsinger, P.: Biotropica 15, 48–52 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Feinsinger, P., Wolfe, J.A., Swarm, L.A.: Ecology 63, 494–506 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, I.K., Skvarla, J.J.: Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 84, 183–193 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Flanders, K., Parrish, J.: Kansas Ornithol. Soc. Newslett. 10, 6 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, T. H.: Foraging strategies of plant-visiting bats, 287–325. In: Ecology of Bats, ed. T.H. Kunz. New York, London: Plenum Press 1982a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, T. H.: Oecologia 53, 56–60 (1982b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Flores, S., Schemske, D.W.: Biotropica 16, 132–139 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, H.A.: Aust. J. Ecol. 4, 145–164 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, H.A., Paton, D.C.: Aust. J. Ecol. 7, 149–159 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankie, G.W., Haber, W.A.: Why bees move among mass-flowering neotropical trees, 360–372. In: Handbook of Experimental Pollination Biology, eds. C.E. Jones, R.J. Little. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankie, G.W., Haber, W.A., Opler, P.A., Bawa, K.S.: Characteristics and organization of the large bee pollination system in Costa Rican dry forest, 411–447. In: Handbook of Experimental Pollination Biology, eds. C.E. Jones, R.J. Little. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, C.E., Reid, W.H.: Southwest. Nat. 28, 113–115 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, C.E., Reid, W.H., Becvar, J.E., Scogin, R.: Bot. Gaz. 145, 132–135 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, D.C., Harper, K.T., Ostler, W.K.: Oecologia 44, 410–417 (1980a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, D.C., Harper, K.T., Charnov, E.L.: Oecologia 47, 222–232 (1980b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, D.C., Mcarthur, E.E., Harper, K.T., Blauer, A.C.: Evolution 35, 194–197 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fritz, R.S., Morse, D.H.: Oecologia 50, 316–319 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Frost, S.K., Frost, P.G.H.: Oecologia 45, 109–116 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Frost, S.K., Frost, P.G.H.: Oecologia 49, 379–384 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabriel, W.J., Garrett, P.W.: Can. J. Bot. 62, 2889–2890 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Galen, C.: Oikos 41, 245–249 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Galen, C., Kevan, P.G.: Can. J. Zool. 61, 1207–1213 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Galen, C., Plowright, R.C.: Ecol. Ento-mol. 10, 9–17 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Garnock-Jones, P.J.: Plant Syst. Evol. 137, 195–201 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs, P.E., Taroda, N.: Rev. Bras. Bot. 6, 1–10 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilissen, L.J.W., Hoekstra, F.A.: Plant Physiol. 75, 496–498 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, F.B., Conway, Ca.: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 131, 244–256 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, F.B., Mack, A.L., Ray, R.T.: Ibis 124, 44–49 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Givnish, T. J.: Am. Nat. 119, 849–865 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Glasser, J.W.: Am. Nat. 124, 900–905 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottsberger, G.: Annonaceae Newslett. (Utrecht) 1, 6–7 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottsberger G. Amaral A. Jr. Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 97 391–410 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottsberger, G., Gottlieb, O.R.: Rev. Bras. Bot. 3, 79–83 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottsberger, G., Gottlieb, O.R.: Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 9, 13–18 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gottsberger, G., Silberbauer-Gottsberger, I.: Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 59, 465–473 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottsberger, G., Silberbauer-Gottsberger, I., Ehrendorfer, F.: Plant Syst. Evol. 135, 11–39 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottsberger, G., Schrauwen, J., Linskens, H.F.: Plant Syst. Evol. 145, 55–77 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gould, J.L.: Science 207, 545–547 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, V.: Bot. Gaz. 144, 439–449 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, V., Grant, K.A.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 1298–1299 (1983a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, V., Grant, K.A.: Bot. Gaz. 144, 280–284 (1983b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Greathead, D.J.: Antenna 7, 105–107 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregg, K.B.: Bot. Gaz. 144, 566–576 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerrant Jr., E.O., Fiedler, P.L.: Reprod. Biol. Suppl. Biotropica 13, 25–33 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Haber, W.A.: Biotropica 16, 269–275 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Haber, W.A., Frankie, G.W., Baker, H.G., Baker, I., Koptur, S.: Biotropica 13, 211–214 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hacker, J.B., Cowper, J.L.: Trop. Grassl. 18, 18–21 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Halevy, A.H., Whitehead, C.S., Kofranek, A.M.: Plant Physiol. 75, 1090–1093 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hannan, G.L.: Am. J. Bot. 68, 233–243 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Happel, R.: Brenesia 21, 455–464 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harihar, G., Yeang, H.Y.: J. Rubb. Res. Inst. Malaysia 32, 20–29 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, J., Mesler, M.: Oecologia 61, 249–253 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heel, W.A. Van (Ed.): 7th Symposium Morphology, Anatomy and Systematics. Section Flower Biology and Dispersal. Amsterdam 1983, Abstracts. Acta Bot. Neerl. 32, 341–346 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinrich, B.: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68, 370–378 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinrich, B.: Am. Zool. 23, 273–281 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heithaus, E.R.: Oecologia 42, 179–194 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heithaus, E.R.: Coevolution between bats and plants, 327–367. In: Ecology of Bats, ed. T.H. Kunz. New York, London: Plenum Press 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heithaus, E.R., Stashko, E., Anderson, P.K.: Ecology 63, 1294–1302 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez, H.M., Toledo, V.M.: Erythrina Symp. IV. Allertonia 3, 77–84 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrera, C.M., Soriguer, R. C.: Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 86, 253–260 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrera, C.M., Herrera, J., Espadaler, X.: Insectes Soc. 31, 142–154 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heslop-Harrison, J.: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 66, 813–829 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • The Reproductive Versatility Of Flowering Plants: an overview, 3-18. In: Strategies of Plant Reproduction (BARC Symposium 6), ed. W.J. Meudt. Allanheld, Osmun: Totowa 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heslop-Harrison, J., Heslop-Harrison, Y.: Acta Bot. Neerl. 30, 289–307 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heslop-Harrison, J., Heslop-Harrison, Y.: Acta Bot. Neerl. 31, 429–439 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heslop-Harrison, J., Heslop-Harrison, Y.: Ann. Bot. 51, 571–583 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heslop-Harrison, Y.: Nord. J. Bot. 1, 401–420 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, D.: Die Blüte, 458 pp. Stuttgart: Ulmer 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hesse, M.: Grana 20, 145–152 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heyneman, A.J.: Oecologia 60, 198–213 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, C.M., Miller, R.B.: Oecologia 50, 376–379 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Holsinger, K.E., Feldman, M.W., Christiansen, F.B.: Am. Nat. 124, 446–453 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins, H.C.: Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 87, 135–167 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins, H.C.: Journal of Ecology 72, 1–23 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins, H.C., Hopkins, M.J.G.: Brittonia 34, 225–227 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopper, S.D.: Aust. J. Bot. 28, 61–75 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopper, S.D.: Aust. Wildl. Res. 8, 187–197 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopper, S.D., Burbidge, A.A.: Feeding behaviour of birds and mammals on flowers of Banksia grandis and Eucalyptus angulosa, 67–75. In: Pollination and Evolution, eds. J.A. Armstrong, J.M. Powell, A.J. Richards. Sydney: Royal Botanic Gardens 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopper, S.D., Moran, Cf.: Aust. J. Bot. 29, 625–638 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Howell, D. J., Schropfer Roth, B.: Ecology 62, 1–7 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, P.J., Sugden, A.M.: Ibis 126, 416–420 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Inouye, D.W.: Oecologia 45, 197–201 (1980a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Inouye, D.W.: Ecology 61, 1251–1253 (1980b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Inouye, D.W.: The Ecology Of Nectar Robbing, 153–173. In: The Biology of Nectaries, eds. B. Bentley, T. Elias. New York: Columbia Univ. Press 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inouye, D.W., Waller, G.D.: Ecology 65, 618–625 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inouye, D.W., Favre, N.D., Lanum, J.A., Levine, D.M., Meyers, J.B., Roberts, M.S., Tsao, F.C., Wang, Y.-Y.: Ecology 61, 992–996 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inra (Ed.): V. Symposium International sur la Pollinisation, Versailles 1983, ed. INRA Publ. (Les Colloques de l’INRA, vol. 21). Paris: INRA 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janson, C.H., Terborgh, J., Emmons, L.H.: Reprod. Bot. Suppl. Biotropica 13, 1–6 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Janzen, D.H.: Oikos 36, 177–183 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Janzen, D.H.: Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 20, 103–113 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Janzen, D.H., Vries De P.J. Higgins, M.L., Kimsey, L.S.: Ecology 63, 66–74 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jennersten, O.: Oecologia 63, 80–89 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenö, F.: Növenytermeles 32, 513–520 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, C.B.: Brenesia 21, 41–46 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, C.E., Little, R.J.: Handbook of Experimental Pollination Biology, 558 pp. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanchan, S., Jayachandra: New Phytol. 84, 739–746 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kallunki, J.A.: Brittonia 33, 137–155 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kay, Q.O.N.: Intraspecific discrimination by pollinators and its role in evolution, 9–28. In: Pollination and Evolution, eds. J.A. Armstrong, J.M. Powell, A.J. Richards. Sydney: Royal Botanic Gardens 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kay, Q.O.N., Daoud, H.S., Stirton, C.H.: Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 83, 57–84 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keighery, G. J.: Bird-pollinated plants in Western Australia, 77–89. In: Pollination and Evolution, eds. J.A. Armstrong, J.M. Powell, A.J. Richards. Sydney: Royal Botanic Gardens 1982a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keighery, G. J.: Pollination Syndromes And Breeding Systems Of Western Australian Arid Zone Plants, 167–172. In: Evolution of the Flora and Fauna of Arid Australia, eds. W.R. Barker, P.J.M. Greenslade. Adelaide: Peacock Publications 1982b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keighery, G. J.: Plant Syst. Evol. 140, 243–250 (1982c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenrick, J., Knox, R.B.: Ann. Bot. 48, 103–106 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenrick, J., Knox, R.B.: Ann. Bot. 50, 721–727 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kephart, S.R.: Ecology 64, 120–133 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kevan, P.G., Baker, H.G.: Annu. Rev. Entomol. 28, 407–453 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, W.D.J.: J. Zool. (Lond.) 204, 107–117 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Klinger, R.: Dtsch. Entomol. Z.N.F. 30, 37–44 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kloet S.P. Van Der, Tosh, D.: Am. Midi. Nat. 112, 392–396 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kodric-Brown, A., Brown, J.H.: Am. Zool. 19, 1115–1127 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kodric-Brown, A., Brown, J.H., Byers, G.S., Gori, D.F.: Ecology 65, 1358–1368 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Koopman, K.F.: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68, 352–369 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Koptur, S.: Evolution 38, 1130–1143 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kratochwil, A.: Phytocoenologia 11, 455–669 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreithen, M.L.: New sensory cues for bird navigation, 582-587. In: Acta XVII Congressus Internationalis Ornitologici, Berlin 1978, ed. R. NÖhring, Bd. I. Berlin: Verl. der Deutschen Orni-thologen-Gesellschaft 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kress, W.J.: Syst. Bot. 6, 101–112 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kress, W.J.: Evolution 37, 735–744 (1983a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kress, W.J.: Ann. Bot. 52, 131–147 (1983b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kugler, H.: Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 94, 287–290 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kugler, H.: Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 97, 383–390 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubitzki, K., Kurz, H.: Plant Syst. Evol. 147, 253–266 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunze, H.: Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 56, 133–170 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunze, H.: Flora 175, 301–318 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurz, H.: Fortpflanzungsbiologie einiger Gattungen neotropischer Lauraceen und Revision der Gattung Licaria (Lauraceae), 253 pp. Ph. D. Thesis, Hamburg 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamont, B.: Flora 172, 1–20 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Laverty, T.M.: Can. J. Bot. 58, 1324–1335 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leereveld, H.: Acta Bot. Neerl. 33, 475–482 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leereveld, H., Meeuse, A.D.J., Stelleman, P.: Acta Bot. Neerl. 30, 465–473 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leeuwen, B.H. Van: Oecologia 51, 28–32 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leins, P.: Muster in Blüten (Vortrag am 2.7.1983 Univ. Bonn), Bonner Universitätsblätter, 21-33 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemke, T.O.: Ecology 65, 538–548 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Levesque, Cm., Burger, J.F.: Arct. Alp. Res. 14, 117–124 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, D.A.: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68, 233–253 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, D.: New Zealand J. Bot. 17, 637–644 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, D.: Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 214, 273–283 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsey, A.H.: Syst. Bot. 7, 1–12 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsey, A.H.: Am. J. Bot. 71, 375–387 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Linhart, Y.B., Feinsinger, P.: J. Ecol. 68, 745–760 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Linskens, H.F.: Phytomorphology 31, 202–213 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Linskens, H.F.: Pollination Processes: understanding fertilization and limits to hybridization, 35–49. In: Strategies of Plant Reproduction (BARC Symposium 6), ed. W.J. Meudt. Totowa: Allanheld 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, D.G.: Benefits and handicaps of sexual reproduction, 69–111. In: Evolutionary Biology, eds. M.K. Hecht, W.C. Steere, B. Wallace. New York, London: Plenum Press 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, D.G.: Am. Nat. 120, 571–585 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, D.G., Bawa, K.S.: Modification of the gender of seed plants in varying conditions, 255–338. In: Evolutionary Biology, eds. M.K. Hecht, B. Wallace, G.T. Prance, Vol. 17. London: Plenum Press 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lock, J.M., Hall, J.B.: Biotropica 14, 153–155 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lord, E.M.: Bot. Rev. 47, 421–449 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lord, E.M., Eckard, K.J.: Science 223, 695–696 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lord, E.M., Heslop-Harrison, Y.: Ann. Bot. 54, 827–836 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Louw, G.N. Nicolson, S.W.: J. Entomol. Soc. South Afr. 46, 227–240 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovelius, O.L.: Ecology of Medicago sativa L. Blossoming and pollination. Ukrajin. Bot. Zh. 36, 11–13 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovett Doust, J., Cavers, P.B.: Can. J. Bot. 60, 2530–2534 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüönd, B., Lüönd, R.: Candollea 36, 167–179 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Macior, L.W.: Plant community and pollination dynamics in the evolution of pollination mechanisms in Pedicularis (Scrophulariaceae), 29–45. In: Pollination and Evolution, eds. J.A. Armstrong, J.M. Powell, A.J. Richards. Sydney: Royal Botanic Gardens 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marden, J.H.: Oecologia 64, 232–240 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marden, J.H., Waddington, K.D.: Physiol. Entomol. 6, 431–435 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, A.G.: Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 20, 115–135 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mcarthur, E.D., Freeman, D.C.: Bot. Gaz. 143, 476–482 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mccrea, K.D., Levy, M.: Am. J. Bot. 70, 369–375 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mcdade, L. A.: Condor 85, 360–364 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meeuse, A.D. J.: Paleoecology, paleobotany, and angiosperm evolution — new developments and the possible extra tropical origin of flowering plants, 255–266. In: Current Trends in Botanical Research, eds. M. Nagaraj, C.P. Malik. New Delhi: Kalyani 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meeuse, A.D. J.: Acta Bot. Neerl. 33, 129–130 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meeuse, B.J.D., Morris, S.: The Sex Life of Flowers, 152 pp. London: Faber & Faber 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meeuse, B.J.D., Schneider, E.L.: Israel J. Bot. 28, 65–79 (1979/1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meeuse, B.J.D., Schneider, E.L., Hess, C.M., Kirkwood, K., Patt, J. M.: Acta Bot. Neerl. 33, 483–496 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesler, M.R., Ackerman, J.D., Lu, K.L.: Am. J. Bot. 67, 564–567 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R.B.: Evolution 35, 763–774 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R.B., Willard, C.L.: South. Nat. 28, 157–164 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R.S., Nero, R.W.: Can. J. Zool. 61, 1540–1546 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moldenke, A. R.: Phytologia 42, 223–282 (1979a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moldenke, A. R.: Phytologia 42, 415–454 (1979b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moldenke, A. R.: Phytologia 43, 357–419 (1979c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moldenke, A.R., Lincoln, P.G.: Phytologia 42, 349–379 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Montgomerie, R.D.: Oecologia 63, 229–236 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Montgomerie, R.D., Eadie, J. Mca., Harder, L.D.: Oecologia 63, 357–363 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mora-Urpí, J., Solís, E.M.: Rev. Biol. Trop. 28, 153–174 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mori, S.A., Pipoly, J.J.: Brittonia 36, 337–341 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morse, D.H.: Ecol. Entomol. 5, 53–59 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morse, D.H.: Ecology 62, 81–88 (1981a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morse, D.H.: Ecology 62, 89–97 (1981b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morse, D.H.: Insectes Soc. (Paris) 23, 445–454 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morse, D.H., Fritz, R.S.: Oecologia 60, 190–197 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mostert, D.P., Siegfried, W.R., Louw, G.N.: South Afr. J. Sci. 76, 409–412 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulcahy, D.L., Mulcahy, G.B.: Science 220, 1247–1251 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, D.D.: Oikos 43, 113–117 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, L.A.: Nord. J. Bot. 1, 461–480 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, L.A.: 3, 157–179 (1983a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, L.A.: Nature 305, 799–800 (1983b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Noronha, M. R.P., Gottsberger, G.: Rev. Brasil. Bot. 3, 67–77 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Norton, S.A.: New Zealand J. Ecol. 7, 157–164 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Opler, P.A., Baker, H.G., Frankie, G.W.: Trop. Succession Biotropica 12 (Suppl. 2), 40–46 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ornduff, R.: Syst. Bot. 3, 420–427 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ornduff, R.: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 110, 214–216 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Osche, G.: Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 96, 1–27 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Owens, S. J., Horsfield, N.J.: Protoplasma 112, 26–36 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Paige, K.N., Whitham, T.G.: Science 227, 315–317 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parrish, J.W., Ptacek, J.A., Will, K.L.: Auk 101, 53–58 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Paton, D.C.: Aust. J. Zool. 29, 217–224 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Penny, J.H.J.: New Phytol. 95, 707–721 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Periasamy, K., Sampoornam, C.: Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 58, 403–411 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pettersson, G., Nilsson, L.A.: Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 77, 123–132 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Philbrick, C.T.: Mich. Bot. 23, 35–38 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Philbrick, C.T.: Syst. Bot. 9, 166–174 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Philipp, M., Schou, O.: New Phytol. 89, 693–703 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinkess, L.H.: Proc. Birmingham Natur. Hist. Soc. 24, 101–102 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pleasants, J.M.: Ecology 61, 1446–1459 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pleasants, J.M.: Ecology 62, 1648–1661 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pleasants, J.M.: Am. J. Bot. 70, 1468–1475 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pleasants, J.M., Zimmerman, M.: Oecologia 57, 412–414 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, M.V., Waser, N.M.: Oecologia 54, 353–358 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, S.D., Barrett, S.C.H.: Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 27, 315–329 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ptáček, V., Nedbálková B., Pelikán, J., Kailerová J.: Relation between Alfafa (Medieago L.) and pollinators (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) and their possible effect on seed production. Rostl. Vyroba 26, 55–65 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyke, G.H.: Aust. J. Ecol. 5, 343–369 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyke, G.H.: Evolution Of Inflorescence Size And Height In The Waratah (Telopea Speciosissima): The difficulty of interpreting correlations between plant traits and fruit set, 91–94. In: Pollination and Evolution, eds. J.A. Armstrong, J.M. Powell, A.J. Richards. Sydney: Royal Botanic Gardens 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyke, G.H.: Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 15, 523–575 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Queller, D.C.: Evolution 38, 1148–1151 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabinowitz, D., Rapp, J.K., Sork, V.L., Rathcke, B.J., Reese, G.A., Weaver, J.C: Ecology 62, 49–56 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramirez, N., Sobrevila, C., Enrech, N.X. De, Ruiz-Zapata, T.: Am. J. Bot. 71, 273–280 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranta, E., Tiainen, M.: Holarct. Ecol. 5, 48–54 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Real, L.A.: Reprod. Bot. Suppl. Biotropica 13, 64–69 (1981a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Real, L.A.: Ecology 62, 20–26 (1981b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Real, L.A. (Ed.): Pollination Biology, 338 pp. Orlando, London: Academic Press 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rebelo, A.G., Siegfried, W.R., Crowe, A.A.: S. Afr. J. Bot. 3, 285–296 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Regal, P.J.: Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 13, 497–524 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Renner, S.S.: Biotropica 15, 251–256 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Renner, S.S.: Pollination And Breeding Systems In Some Central Amazonian Melastomataceae, 275-280. In: V. Symposium International sur la Pollinisation, 1983, ed. INRA Publ. (Les Colloques de l’INRA, Vol. 21). Paris: INRA 1984a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phänologie, Blütenbiologie und Rekombinationssysteme einiger zentralamazonischer Melastomataceen, 118 pp. Ph. D. Thesis, Hamburg 1984b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohwer, J., Kubitzki, K.: Plant Syst. Evol. 144, 99–101 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roubik, D.W.: Ecology 63, 354–360 (1982a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roubik, D.W.: Ecological Impact Of Africanized Honeybees On Native Neotropical Pollinators, 233–247. In: Social Insects in the Tropics, ed. P. Laisson. Paris: Univ. Paris Nord 1982b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roubik, D.W., Aluja, M.: J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 56, 217–222 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roubik, D.W., Buchmann, S.L.: Oecologia 61, 1–10 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roubik, D.W., Ackerman, J.D., Copenhaver, C., Smith, B.H.: Ecology 63, 712–720 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruscoe, Q.W. (Ed.): Reproduction in Flowering Plants (Symp. 1979, Christchurch), New Zealand J. Bot. 17, 425-685. Wellington: Sci. Inf. Div., DSIR 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Said, C: Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 129, Lettres bot., 231-240 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sazima, M., Machado, I.C.S.: Rev. Bras. Bot. 6, 103–108 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sazima, M., Fabian, M.E., Sazima, I.: Rev. Bras. Biol. 42, 505–513 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaal, B.A., Leverich, W.J.: Southw. Nat. 25, 257–282 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schemske, D.W.: Evolution 34, 489–493 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schemske, D.W.: Ecology 62, 946–954 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schemske, D.W.: Evolution 37, 523–539 (1983a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schemske, D.W.: Limits To Specialization And Coevolution In Plant-Animal Mutualisms, 67–109. In: Coevolution, ed. M.H. Nitecki. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press 1983b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schemske, D.W., Pautler, L.P.: Oecologia 62, 31–36 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schick, B.: Flora 172, 347–371 (1982a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schick, B.: Zur Morphologie, Entwicklung, Feinstruktur Und Funktion Des Translators Von Periploca L. (Asclepiadaceae), 515–553. In: Tropische und subtropische Pflanzenwelt, ed. Akademie der Wissenschaften und Literatur, Mainz. Wiesbaden: Steiner 1982b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schill, R., Baumm, A., Wolterer, M.: Plant Syst. Evol. 148, 185–214 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schimpf, D.J., Bayn, R.L., Jr.: Great Basin Nat. 43, 573–578 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlessman, M.A.: Syst. Bot. 7, 134–149 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, J.O.: J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 57, 323–327 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, J.: Evolution 37, 1247–1257 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, E.L.: Aquat. Bot. 12, 197–200 (1982a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, E.L.: West. Aust. Nat. 15, 71–72 (1982b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, E.L.: Aust. J. Bot. 31, 371–382 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, E.L., Buchanan, J.D.: Am. J. Bot. 67, 182–193 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, E.L., Chaney, T.: Southw. Nat. 26, 159–165 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, E.L., Jeter, J.M.: Am. J. Bot. 69, 1410–1419 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoen, D.J.: Am. J. Bot. 71, 711–719 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoen, D.J., Lloyd, D.G.: Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 23, 303–322 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schotsman, H.D.: Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Paris 4B, 111–160 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schou, O.: Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 3, 261–274 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schremmer, F.: Plant Syst. Evol. 140, 95–107 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuhmacher, H., Hoffmann, H.: Entomol. Gen. 7, 327–342 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwabe, A., Kratochwil, A.: Tuexeniä 4, 125–152 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedgley, M., Blesing, M.A.: Bot. Gaz. 143, 210–215 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Severson, D.W., Erickson, E.H. Jr.: J. Apic. Res. 22, 158–162 (1983).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, B.B.: Taxon 31, 517–528 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, B.B., Neff, J.L.: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68, 301–322 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Snow, A.A.: Oecologia 55, 231–237 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobrevila, C., Ramirez, N., Enrech, N.X. De: Biotropica 15, 161–169 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Southwick, A.K., Southwick, E.E.: Oecologia 56, 121–125 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Southwick, E.E.: Comp. Physiol. Ecol. 7, 51–55 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Southwick, E.E.: Ecology 65, 1775–1779 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Southwick, E.E., Southwick, A.K.: Am. Midl. Nat. 104, 328–334 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Southwick, E.E., Loper, G.M., Sadwick, S.E.: Am. J. Bot. 68, 994–1002 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spira, T.P.: Am. J. Bot. 67, 278–284 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, K.E.: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68, 505–513 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, K.E.: Syst. Bot. 8, 105–117 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stelleman, P.: Pollination strategy in Plantago lanceolata L., 91–97. In: Pollen: Biology and Implications for Plant Breeding, eds. D.L. Mulcahy, E. Ottaviano. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stelleman, P.: Acta Bot. Neerl. 33, 497–508 (1984a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stelleman, P.: Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. C 87, 95–119 (1984b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson, A.G.: Am. Midl. Nat. 105, 381–383 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Steven, D. De: Mich. Bot. 22, 163–171 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoutamire, W.P.: Nat. Geogr. Soc. Res. Rep. 13, 591–598 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoutamire, W.P.: Am. Orchid. Soc. Bull. 51, 796–803 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoutamire, W.P.: Aust. J. Bot. 31, 383–394 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Subba Reddi, C., Reddi, E.U.B.: Indian J. Bot. 7, 141–149 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, J.R.: Am. J. Bot. 70, 916–924 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland, S., Delph, L.F.: Ecology 65, 1093–1104 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanda, A.S.: Am. Bee J., 124, 539–540 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, T.N., Scott, A.C.: BioScience 33, 488–493 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tepedino, V.J.: Great Basin Nat. 41, 427–430 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thien, L.B.: Biotropica 12, 1–13 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thien, L.B., White, D.A., Yatsu, L.Y.: Am. J. Bot. 70, 719–727 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thien, L.B., Bernhardt, P., Gibbs, G.W., Pellmyr, O., Bergströ m, G., Groth, I., Mcpherson, G.: Science 227, 540–543 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, J.D.: Oikos 39, 241–250 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, J.D., Barrett, S. C.H.: Am. Nat. 118, 443–449 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, J.D., Plowright, R.C.: Oecologia 46, 68–74 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, J.D., Maddison, W.P., Plowright, R.C: Oecologia 54, 326–336 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilton, V.R., Lersten, N.R.: Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci 89, 23–43 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Torres De Asumpcão, C.: J. Mammalogy 62, 386–388 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, V.: Oikos 43, 53–61 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ugborogho, R.E.: Bull. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noire 42, 107–121 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Uno, G.E.: Am. Midi. Nat. 108, 149–158 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Uno, G.E.: Southw. Nat. 29, 429–433 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Varatharajan, R., Gopinathan, K., Ananthakrishnan, T.N.: Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad. B 48, 735–739 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vierssen, W. Van, Wijk, R.J. Van, Zee, R.J. Van Der.: Aquat. Bot. 14, 339–347 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Visser, T., Marcucci, M.C.: Euphytica 32, 703–709 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vithanage, H.I.M.V.: Ann. Bot. 54, 153–167 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, S.: Floral Ecology, 310–343. In: Progress of Botany, Vol. 43, eds. H. Ellenberg, K. Esser, K. Kubitz-Ki, E. Schnepf, H. Ziegler. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1981a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, S.: Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 94, 663–675 (1981b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, S.: Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 55, 325–353 (1981c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, S.: Plant Syst. Evol. 137, 291–316 (1981d).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, S.: Naturwissenschaften 67, 627–628 (1981e).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, S.: Ecophysiology Of Zoophilic Pollination, 559–624. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 12 C. III, Physiological Plant Ecology, eds. O.L. Lange, P.S. Nobel, C.B. Osmond, H. Ziegler. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, S.: Acta Bot. Neerl. 33, 509–518 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, S., Westerkamp, C, Thiel, B., Gessner, K.: Plant Syst. Evol. 146, 225–248 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Waddington, K.D.: Oecologia 44, 199–204 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Waddington, K.D.: Oikos 37, 153–159 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Waddington, K.D.: Am. Nat. 122, 147–151 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Waddington, K.D., Heinrich, B.: J. Comp. Physiol. 134, 113–117 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Waddington, K.D., Heinrich, B.: Patterns Of Movement And Floral Choice By Foraging Bees, 215–230. In: Foraging Behavior: Ecological, Ethological, and Psychological Approaches, eds. A. Kamil, T. Sargent. New York: Garland 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waddington, K.D., Allen, T., Heinrich, B.: Anim. Behav. 29, 779–784 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Waha, M.: Plant Syst. Evol. 147, 189–203 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, D.B., Gysi, J., Sterberg, L., Deniro, M.J.: Science 220, 419–421 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waser, N.M.: Oecologia 55, 251–257 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Waser, N.M.: The Adaptive Nature Of Floral Traits: Ideas and evidence, 241–285. In: Pollination Biology, ed. L.A. Real. New York: Academic Press 1983a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waser, N.M.: Competition For Pollination And Floral Character Differences Among Sympatric Plant Species: A review of evidence, 277–293. In: Handbook of Experimental Pollination Biology, eds. C.E. Jones, R.J. Little. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold 1983b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waser, N.M., Price, M.V.: Evolution 35, 376–390 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Waser, N.M., Price, M.V.: Optimal And Actual Outcrossing In Plants, And The Nature Of Plant-Pollinator Interaction, 341–359. In: Handbook of Experimental Pollination Biology, eds. C.E. Jones, R.J. Little. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waser, N.M., Price, M.V.: Oecologia 62, 262–268 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, C.J.: New Zealand J. Bot. 19, 335–338 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, C.J.: Bio-tropica 16, 37–42 (1984a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, C.J.: Syst. Bot. 9, 240–246 (1984b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, C.J.: Constraints On The Evolution Of Plant Breeding Systems And Their Relevance To Systematics, 249–270. In: Plant Biosystematics. Canada: Academic Press 1984c.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, C.J., Bawa, K.S.: Evolution 37, 1258–1270 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, C.J., Lloyd, D.G.: New Zealand J. Bot. 18, 121–126 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Webber, A.C.: Biologia floral de algumas Annonaceae na regiao de Manaus AM, 83 pp. Master of Sci. Thes. Universidade do Amazonas Manaus 1981a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webber, A.C.: Acta Amazonica 11, 61–65 (1981b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Weller, S.G.: Evolution 35, 197–200 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells., H., Wells, P.H., Smith, D.M.: J. Apicult. Res. 22, 33–44 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Werf, F. Van Der.: Discriminating visiting of Salix by Apis, 83–89. In: Pollen: Biology and Implications for Plant Breeding, eds., D.L. Mulcahy, E. Ottaviano. New York: Elsevier 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whelan, R.J., Burbidge, A.H.: Aust. J. Ecol. 5, 1–7 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, V.B., Schelpe, E.A.C.L.E., Anthony, N.C.: S. Afr. J. Sci. 80, 286 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitten, W.M.: Am. J. Bot. 68, 435–442 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiens, D., Rourke, J.P., Casper, B.B., Rickart, E.A., Lapine, T.R., Peterson, C.J., Channing, A.: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard 70, 1–31 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wik-Lund, C, Eriksson, T., Lundberg, H.; Oikos 33, 358–362 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, N.H., Whitten, W.M.: Am. Orchid Soc. Bull. 51, 1262–1266 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, N.H., Atwood, J.T., Dodson, C.H.: Selbyana 5, 291–295 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, G.B.: Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 18, 49–58 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Willmer, P.G.: Ecol. Entomol. 8, 455–469 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wirth, W.W.: Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 84, 568–585 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodell, S.R.J.: Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 286, 99–108 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wooller, R.D., Russell, E.M., Renfree, M.B., Towers, P.A.: Aust. Wildl. Res. 10, 311–317 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt, R.: New Phytol. 85, 119–131 (1980a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt, R.: Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 107, 24–28 (1980b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt, R.: New Phytol. 88, 375–385 (1981a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt, R.: Am. J. Bot. 68, 1212–1217 (1981b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt, R.: Pollinator-Plant Interactions And The Evolution Of Breeding Systems, 51–95. In: Pollination Biology, ed. L. Real. Orlando, London: Academic Press 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt, R.: Syst. Bot. 9, 432–440 (1984a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt, R.: Evolution 38, 804–816 (1984b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt, R., Hellwig, R.L.: Syst. Bot. 4, 103–114 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt, P., Stoneburner, A.: Syst. Bot. 6, 1–7 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yanagizawa, Y., Gottsberger, G.: Portug. Acta Biol. 17, 149–167 (1982/ 83).

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, A.M.: J. Appl. Ecol. 19, 47–63 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, A.M.: J. Appl. Ecol. 20, 801–831 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, A.M.: Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 86, 503–518 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahavi, A., Eisikowitch, D., Kadman Zahavi, A., Cohen, A.: A new approach to flower constancy in honey bees, 89–95. In: V. Symposium International sur la Pollinisation, Versailles 1983, ed. INRA Publ. (Les Colloques De L’Inra, Vol. 21). Paris: INRA 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zavada, M.S.: Plant Syst. Evol. 147, 63–78 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, M.: Oecologia 49, 148–153 (1981a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, M.: Oecologia 49, 154–157 (1981b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, M.: Oecologia 52, 104–108 (1982a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, M.: Oecologia 53, 394–398 (1982b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, M.: Oecologia 41, 57–63 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, M., Pleasants, J.M.: Oikos 38, 381–383 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gottsberger, G. (1985). Floral Ecology Report on the Years 1981(79) to 1985. In: Behnke, HD., Esser, K., Kubitzki, K., Runge, M., Ziegler, H. (eds) Progress in Botany. Progress in Botany/Fortschritte der Botanik, vol 47. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45607-7_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45607-7_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-45609-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-45607-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics