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Transgenic Technology in Marine Organisms

  • Chapter
Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Marine organisms into which a foreign gene or non-coding deoxyribonucleic acid (GlossaryTerm

DNA

) fragment is artificially introduced and stably integrated in their genomes are termed transgenic marine organisms. Since the first report in 1985, a wide range of transgenic fish and marine bivalve mollusks have been produced by microinjecting or electroporating homologous or heterologous transgenes into newly fertilized or unfertilized eggs and sperm. In the past few years, rapid advances of gene transfer technology has resulted in the production of many genetically modified organisms (GlossaryTerm

GMO

s) such as fish, crustaceans, microalgae, macroalgae, and sea urchins. These GlossaryTerm

GMO

s are valuable in assisting the advances of basic research as well as biotechnological application. In this chapter, the principle of producing transgenic marine organisms and the application of the technology to produce genetically modified marine organisms in the hope of improving the quality of human life as well as the earth environments will be critically reviewed.

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Abbreviations

AHRE:

aromatic hydrocarbon response element

AMP:

antimicrobial peptide

BSD:

blasticidin

BTX:

square wave generator

CAS:

CRISPR-associated

CAT:

chloramphenicol acetyltransferase

CEME:

cecropin-medilitin hybrid peptide

CF:

cystic fibrosis

CMV:

cytomegalovirus mosaic virus

CRISPR:

clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeat

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

EPRE:

electrophile response element

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organization

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

GFP:

green fluorescent protein

GH:

growth hormone

GMO:

genetically modified organism

GM:

genetically modified

HBV:

hepatitis B virus

HCV:

hepatitis C virus

ICC:

intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

IHNV:

infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus

IPNV:

infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

LTR:

long terminal repeat

MCH:

melanin-concentrating hormone

MO:

morpholino phosphorodiamidate oligonucleotide

MRE:

metal response element

MT:

metallothionein

MoMLV:

Moloney murine leukemia virus

NFT:

neurofibrillary tangles

PBS:

phosphate buffered saline

PCR:

polymerase chain reaction

RACE-PCR:

rapid amplification of cDNA ends-PCR

RFP:

red fluorescent protein

RISC:

RNA-induced silencing complex

RNA:

ribonucleic acid

RPS:

relative percent survival

RT-PCR:

reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

RT:

reverse transcriptase

SHRV:

snakehead rhabdovirus

TALEN:

transcription activator-like effector nuclease

TALE:

transcription activator-like effector

TCDD:

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

UV:

ultraviolet

VHSV:

viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus

VSV:

vesicular stomatitis virus

VTG:

estrogen inducible vitellogenin promoter

ZFN:

zinc finger protein

zinc-finger nuclease

ZFP:

zinc finger peptide

cDNA:

complementary DNA

mRNA:

messenger RNA

siRNA:

small (short) interfering RNA

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Rd., 06269, Storrs, CT, USA

    Thomas T. Chen, Chun-Mean Lin, Maria J. Chen & Jay H. Lo

  2. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Marine Research Station, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dawun Road, 26242, Yilan, Taiwan

    Pinwen P. Chiou

  3. Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Beining Road, 202, Keelung City, Taiwan

    Hong-Yi Gong

  4. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Taipei, Taiwan

    Jen-Leih Wu

  5. Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1, Jjen Ai. Road Section 1, 10002, Taipei, Taiwan

    Mark H.-C. Chen

  6. Department of Ecology & Environmental Biology, University of Connecticut, 1 University Place, 06901-2315, Storrs, CT, USA

    Charles Yarish

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    Se-Kwon Kim Prof.

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Chen, T.T. et al. (2015). Transgenic Technology in Marine Organisms. In: Kim, SK. (eds) Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53971-8_13

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