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Phytoplankton and Their Role in Primary, New, and Export Production

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Ocean Biogeochemistry

Part of the book series: Global Change — The IGBP Series (closed) ((GLOBALCHANGE))

Abstract

Phytoplankton have played key roles in shaping Earth's biogeochemistry and contemporary human economy, yet because the human experience is so closely tied to higher plants as sources of food, fiber, and fuel, the role of phytoplankton in our everyday lives is often over-looked. The most familiar phytoplankton products we consume are petroleum and natural gas. Their uses as fuels, and in its myriad refined forms, as plastics, dyes, and chemical feedstocks are so critical to the industrialized world that wars are fought over the ownership of these fossilized hydrocarbons. Since the beginning of civilization, we have used the remains of calcareous nanoplankton, deposited over millions of years in ancient ocean basins, for building materials. Diatomaceous oozes are mined as additives for reflective paints, polishing materials, abrasives, and for insulation. Phytoplankton provided the original source of oxygen for our planet, without which our very existence would not have been possible. The fossil organic carbon, skeletal remains, and oxygen are the cumulative remains of phytoplankton export production that has occurred uninterrupted for over 3 billion years in the upper ocean (Falkowski et al. 1998). In this chapter we examine what we learned during the JGOFS era about how phytoplankton impact contemporary biogeochemical cycles and their role in shaping Earth's geochemical history.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Marine and Coastal Science and Department of Geology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA

    Paul G. Falkowski

  2. Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA

    Edward A. Laws

  3. Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Science, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516-9721, USA

    Richard T. Barber

  4. School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Box 355351, Seattle, Washington, 98195-5351, USA

    James W. Murray

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  2. Edward A. Laws
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  3. Richard T. Barber
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  4. James W. Murray
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  1. Southampton Oceanography Centre, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK

    Michael J. R. Fasham

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© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Falkowski, P.G., Laws, E.A., Barber, R.T., Murray, J.W. (2003). Phytoplankton and Their Role in Primary, New, and Export Production. In: Fasham, M.J.R. (eds) Ocean Biogeochemistry. Global Change — The IGBP Series (closed). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55844-3_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55844-3_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62691-3

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