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The B-Cell Antigen Receptor: Formation of Signaling Complexes and the Function of Adaptor Proteins

  • Chapter
Signal Transduction and the Coordination of B Lymphocyte Development and Function I

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 245/1))

Abstract

To initiate the humoral immune response, pathogens or foreign substances are recognized and bound by antigen-specific receptors expressed on the cell surface of mature, resting B lymphocytes. Engagement of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers the transition of the B cell from the Go into the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Further, BCR-antigen complexes become endocytosed, processed, and peptides of protein antigens are presented on the B-cell surface in association with major histocompatibility (MHC) class-II proteins. This enables the B cell to collaborate with antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Such a cognate B-cell/T-cell interaction can provide both cell types with appropriate proliferation and differentiation signals. The now fully activated B cells can differentiate, for instance, into plasma cells, which help to neutralize the antigen by secreting large amounts of soluble, antigen- specific antibodies into the body’s humor (Greek for fluid). The basics of such a scenario were first postulated by Paul Ehrlich in his Seiten-Ketten (side chain) theory about one century ago. His idea was developed further by Nils Jerne into the Natural Selection Theory (1955) and by Sir MacFarlane Burnet into the Clonal Selection Theory of Aquired Immunity (1959). Membrane-bound antibody molecules (immunoglobulins, Ig), as a central element of all three theories, were detected on the cell surface of lymphocytes in the early 1970s, but their signaling and activation function for the cell was neglected until the mid 1980s. Since then, much has been learned about the molecular mechanisms utilized by the BCR to activate the B cell.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department for Molecular Immunology Biology III , University of Freiburg and Max-Planck-Institute for Immunobiology, Stübeweg 51, D-79108, Freiburg, Germany

    J. Wienands

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  1. Division of Developmental & Clinical Immunology Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 378 Wallace Tumor Institute, Birmingham, AL, 35492-3300, USA

    Louis B. Justement Ph.D. (Associate Professor) (Associate Professor)

  2. Department of Medicine, University of Toronto Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave., Rm. 656A, M5G IX5, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Katherine A. Siminovitch M.D.

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Wienands, J. (2000). The B-Cell Antigen Receptor: Formation of Signaling Complexes and the Function of Adaptor Proteins. In: Justement, L.B., Siminovitch, K.A. (eds) Signal Transduction and the Coordination of B Lymphocyte Development and Function I. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 245/1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57066-7_2

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