Skip to main content

Cholangiocellular Carcinoma

  • Chapter
Liver Malignancies

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

  • 277 Accesses

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma is a primary malignancy arising from the bile duct epithelium (Craig et al. 1989). The relative incidence of cholangiocarcinoma among primary liver cancer reported in autopsy series ranges from 5% to 30% (Hoyne and Kernohan 1947; Edmondson and Steiner 1954; Macdonald 1956; Mori 1967; San Jose et al. 1965; Cruickshank 1961; Patton and Horn 1964). Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma are primary sclerosing cholangitis, choledocal cyst, familial polyposis, congenital hepatic fibrosis, infection with Clonorchis siniensis (Chinese liver fluke), and history of exposure to thorium dioxide (Thorotrast).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adam A, Benjamin IS (1992) The staging of cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Radiol 46:299–303

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adjei ON, Tamura S, Sugimara H, et al (1995) Contrast enhanced MR imaging of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Radiol 50:6–10

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bismuth H, Malt RA (1979) Current concepts in cancer: carci- noma of the biliary tract. New Eng I Med 301:704–706

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloustein PA (1977) Association of carcinoma with congenital cystic conditions of the liver and bile ducts. Am I Gastroenterol 67:40–46

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boring CC, Squires TS, Tong T (1993) Cancer statistics, 1993. Cancer 43:7–23

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr DH, Hadjis NS, Banks LM, et al (1985) Computed tomography of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a new sign. AIR 145:53–56

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choi BI, Park JH, Furui S, Yashiro N, Ohtomo K, Ilio M, (1988) Computed tomography of primary intrahepatic biliary malignancy. Radiology 169:149–153

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choi B1, Lee JH, Han MC, et a1 (1989) Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: comparative study with sonography and CT. Radiology 172:689–692

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choi BI, Han JK, Cho JM et al (1995) Characterization of focal hepatic tumors: value of two-phase scanning with spiral computed tomography. Cancer 76:2434–2442

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choi BI, Kim TK, Han JK (1998) MRI imaging of clonorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma. JMRI 8:359–366

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craig JR, Peters RL, Edmondson HA (1989) Tumors of the liver and intrahepatic bile ducts. Fascicle 26, 2nd series. Washington DC, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, pp 123–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Cruickshank A.H (1961) The pathology of 111 cases of primary hepatic malignancy collected in the Liverpool region. I Clin Pathol 14:120–131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edmondson HA, Steiner PE (1954) Primary carcinoma of the liver: a study of 100 cases among 48,900 necropsies. Cancer 7:462–503

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fahim RB, McDonald JR, Richards JC (1962) Carcinoma of the gallbladder: a study of its modes of spread. Ann Surg 156:114–124

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fulcher AS, Turner MA (1997) HASTE MR cholangiography in the evaluation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. AJR 169:1501–1505

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garber SJ, Donald JJ, Lees WR (1983) Cholangiocarcinoma: ultrasound features and correlation with survival. Abdom Imaging 18:66–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guthrie JA, Ward J, Robinson PJ (1996) Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: T2-weighted spin-echo and gadolinium enhanced FLASH MR imaging. Radiology 201:347–351

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hann LE, Greatrex KV, Bach AM, Fong Y, Blumgart LH (1997) Cholangiocarcinoma at the hepatic hilus: sonographic findings. AIR 168:985–989

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Honda H, Onitsuka H, Yasumori K, et al (1993) Intrahepatic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma: two-phased dynamic incremental CT and pathologic correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr 17:397–402

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoyne RM, Kernohan JW (1947) Primary carcinoma of the liver: a study of 31 cases. Arch Intern Med 79:532–554

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishak KG, Sesterhenn IA, Goodman ZD, et al (1984) Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver: A clinicopathologic and follow-up study of 32 cases. Hum Pathol 15:839–852

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Itai Y, Araki T, Furui S, et al (1983) Computed tomography of primary intrahepatic biliary malignancy. Radiology 147:485–490

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaude J, Rian R (1971) Cholangiocarcinoma. Radiology 100:573–580

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim TK, Choi BI, Han JK, et al (1997) Peripheral cholangio-carcinoma of the liver: two-phase spiral CT findings. Radiology 204:539–543

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klatskin G (1965) Adenocarcinoma of the hepatic duct at its bifurcation within the porta hepatis: an unusual tumor with distinctive clinical and pathological features. Am I Med 38:241–256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kokubo T, Itai Y, Ohtomo K, et al (1988) Mucinhypersecreting intrahepatic biliary neoplasms. Radiology 168:609–614

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lacomis JM, Baron RL, Oliver JH, Nalesnik MA, Federle M.P (1997) Cholangiocarcinoma: delayed CT contrast enhancement patterns. Radiology 203:98–104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Looser C, Stain SL, Baer HU, Triller J, Blumgart LH (1992) Staging of hilar cholangiocarcinoima by ultrasound and duplex sonography: a comparison with angiography and operative findings. Br I Radiol 65:871–877

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald RA (1956) Cirrhosis and primary carcinoma of the liver: changes in their occurrence at the Boston City Hospital 1897–1954. New Eng’ I Med 255:1179–1183

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy RL, LaRusso NF, May GR, et al (1985) Cholangiocarcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis: cholangiographic appearances. Radiology 156:43–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Mori W (1967) Cirrhosis and primary cancer of the liver-comparative study in Tokyo and Cincinnati. Cancer 20:627–631

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nesbit GM, Johnson CD, James EM, et al (1988) Cholangiocarcinoma: diagnosis and evaluation of resectability by CT and sonography as procedures complementary to cholangiography. AIR 151:933–938

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nichols DA, MacCarty RL, Gaffey TA (1983) Cholangiographic evaluation of bile duct carcinoma. AJR 141:1291–1294

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okuda K, Kubo Y. Okazaki N, et al (1977) Clinical aspects of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma including hilar carcinoma: a study of 57 autopsy-proven cases. Cancer 39:232–246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver JH, Baron RL, Federle MP, Rockette HP (1996) Detecting hepatocellular carcinoma: the relative added value of using noncontrast and/or arterial phase imaging in conjunction with conventional portal venous phase contrast CT. AJR 167:71–77

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patton RB, Horn RC Jr (1964) Primary liver carcinoma. Autopsy study of 60 cases. Cancer 17:757–768

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ros PR, Buck IL, Comdr LT, Goodman ZD, et al (1988) Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: radiology-Pathologic Correlation. Radiology 167:689–693

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rummeny E, Weissleder R, Stark DD, et al (1989) Primary liver tumors: diagnosis by MR imaging. AIR 152:63–72

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • San Jose D, Cady A, West M, et a’ (1965) Primary carcinoma of the liver, analysis of clinical and biochemical features of 80 cases. Am I Dig Dis 10:657–673

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saul SH (1994) Masses of the liver. In: Sternberg SS (ed) Diagnostic Surgical Pathology, 2nd edn. Raven Press, New York, pp 1543–1545

    Google Scholar 

  • Soyer PA, Bluemke DA, Sibert A, et al (1995) MR imaging of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Abdom Imaging 20:126–130

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugihara S, Kojiro M. (1987) Pathology of cholangiocarcinoma. In: Nakashima T. Kojiro M. (eds) Hepatocellular Carcinoma: an atlas of its pathology. Springer Verlag, Tokyo, pp 191–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Takayasu K, Lkeya S, Mukai K, et a1 (1990) CT of hilar the left hepatic lobe caused by a cholangiocarcinoma. AIR 144:547–548

    Google Scholar 

  • Tani K, Kubota Y, Yamaguchi T, et al (1991) MR imaging of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 15:975–978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tartar VM, Balfe DM (1990) Lymphoma in the wall of the bile ducts: radiologic imaging. Gastrointest Radiol 15:53–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thorsen MK, Quiroz F, Lawson TL, et al (1984) Primary bil- iary carcinoma: CT evaluation. Radiology 152:479–483

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vazquez JL, Thorsen MK, Dodds WJ, et al (1985) Atrophy of cholangiocarcinoma: late contrast enhancement in six patients. AJR 154:1203–1206

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter JF, Bookstein JJ, Bouffard EV (1976) Newer angiographie observations in cholangiocarcinorr a. Radio ology 118:19–23

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whithey WS, Herfkens RJ, Brooke JR et al (1993) Dynamic breathhold multiplanar spoiled gradient-recalled MR imaging with gadolinium enhancement for differentiating hepatic hemangiomas from malignancy at 1.5 T. Radiology 189:863–870

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Manfredi, R., Maresca, G., Vecchioli, A., Colagrande, C., Galletti, G., Marano, P. (1999). Cholangiocellular Carcinoma. In: Bartolozzi, C., Lencioni, R. (eds) Liver Malignancies. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58641-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58641-5_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63679-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-58641-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics