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Anti-αgalactosyl (Anti-Gal) Antibody Damage Beyond Hyperacute Rejection

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Xenotransplantation

Abstract

Xenotransplantation of pig tissues and organs into humans, or monkeys, is subjected to immunological incompatibilities greater than those encountered with rodent recipients. This is because of the ubiquitous presence of the natural anti-agalactosyl (anti-Gal) antibody in Old World monkeys, apes and humans versus the abundant production of the α-galactosyl epitope (i.e., Galα1–3Galß1–4GlcNAc-R) in nonprimate mammals. This carbohydrate epitope is the natural ligand for anti-Gal, and the binding of this natural antibody to the α-galactosyl epitope on the porcine cells results in the immune rejection of the xenograft [1]. Binding of anti-Gal IgM to porcine cells induces, in general, complement-mediated lysis of the cells [2–4]. Furthermore, in vivo neutralization of anti-Gal by melibiose (Galα1–6Glc) [5], or removal of serum anti-Gal by adsorption on an α-galactosyl epitope column [6], results in the elimination of hyperacute rejection.

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Authors
  1. U. Galili
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Immunologist (Surgery), Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02129, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    David K. C. Cooper M.A., M.D., Ph.D., M.S., F.R.C.S. (Associate Member, Scientific Staff) (Associate Member, Scientific Staff)

  2. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA

    David K. C. Cooper M.A., M.D., Ph.D., M.S., F.R.C.S. (Associate Member, Scientific Staff) (Associate Member, Scientific Staff)

  3. Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense, Denmark

    Ejvind Kemp M.D. (Professor and Head) (Professor and Head)

  4. Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA

    Jeffrey L. Platt M.D. (Joseph W. and Dorothy W. Beard Professor) (Joseph W. and Dorothy W. Beard Professor)

  5. Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB22QQ, UK

    David J. G. White M.A., Ph.D., M.R.C.Path (Immunologist and Lecturer, Director of Research and Development) (Immunologist and Lecturer, Director of Research and Development)

  6. Imutran Laboratories, Cambridge, UK

    David J. G. White M.A., Ph.D., M.R.C.Path (Immunologist and Lecturer, Director of Research and Development) (Immunologist and Lecturer, Director of Research and Development)

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© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Galili, U. (1997). Anti-αgalactosyl (Anti-Gal) Antibody Damage Beyond Hyperacute Rejection. In: Cooper, D.K.C., Kemp, E., Platt, J.L., White, D.J.G. (eds) Xenotransplantation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60572-7_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60572-7_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64460-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60572-7

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