Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Use of Intercalative Dyes in the Study of Closed Circular DNA

  • Chapter
Proceedings of the Research Symposium on Complexes of Biologically Active Substances with Nucleic Acids and Their Modes of Action

Part of the book series: Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology ((PMSB,volume 2))

Abstract

A wide variety of naturally occurring duplex DNA’s are now known to possess the dual characteristics of closed circularity and superhelicity. These species of DNA may be broadly classified according to biological origin as arising from animal and bacterial viruses, animal mitochondria and extra-mitochondrial cytoplasm, protozoa, and bacteria. This latter category contains several types, including viral intracellular forms, plasmids, and episomes. A summary of the known closed circular duplex DNA’s (DNA I) is presented in Table 1.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ando, T., Kosawa, T.: Isolation of a DNA ligase from phage λC1-infected Escherichia coli. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 204, 257 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avers, C. J.: Heterogeneous length distribution of circular DNA filaments from yeast mitochondria. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 58, 620 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avers, C. J., Billheimer, F. E., Hoffman, H.-P., Pauli, R. M.: Circularity of yeast mitochondrial DNA. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 61, 90 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, W., Vinograd, J.: The interaction of closed circular DNA with intercalative dyes I The superhelix density of SV40 DNA in the presence and absence of dye. J. molec. Biol. 33, 141 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, W., Vinograd, J.: A thermodynamic theory for interactiong systems at equilibrium in a buoyant density gradient: The reaction between a small molecular species and a buoyant macromolecule. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 164, Art. 1, 192 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, W., Vinograd, J.: (1) The interaction of closed circular DNA with intercalative dyes II. The free energy of superhelix formation in SV40 DNA. J. molec. Biol. 47, 419 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, W., Vinograd, J.: (2) The interaction of closed circular DNA with intercalative dyes III. Dependence of the buoyant density upon superhelix density and base composition in the presence of dye. J. molec. Biol. 54, 281 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bazaral, M., Helinski, D. R.: (1) Circular DNA forms of colincinogenic factors E1, E2, E3 from Escherichia coli. J. molec. Biol. 36, 185 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bazaral, M., Helinski, D. R.: (2) Characterization of multiple circular forms of colicinogenic factor Ex from Proteus mirabilis. Biochemistry 7, 3513 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, A., Lyn, G., Gefter, M., Hurwitz, J.: The enzymatic repair of DNA, II Characterization of phage-induced sealase. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 58, 1996 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Billheimer, F. E., Avers, C. J.: Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from wild type and petite yeast: Circularity, length, and buoyant density. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 64, 739 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloomfield, V. A.: Twisted circular DNA: sedimentation coefficients and the number of twists. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 55, 717 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borst, P., Ruttenberg, G. J. C. M.: Renaturation of mitochondrial DNA. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 114, 645 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borst, P., Ruttenberg, G. J. C. M., Kroon, A. M.: (1) Mitochondrial DNA I. Preparation and properties of mitochondrial DNA from chick liver. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 149, 140 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borst, P., Van Brüggen, E. F. J., Ruttenberg, G. J. C. M., Kroon, A. M.: (2) Mitochondrial DNA II. Sedimentation analysis and electron microscopy of mitochondrial DNA from chick liver. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 149, 156 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bujard, H.: Isolation of bovine papilloma virus and characterization of its circular DNA. J. Virol. 1, 1135 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bujard, H.: Studies on circular DNA II. Number of tertiary turns in papilloma DNA. J. molec. Biol. 33, 503 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlton, B. C., Helinski, D. R.: Heterogeneous circular DNA elements in vegetative cultures of Bacillus megaterium. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 64, 592 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, D. A., Davis, R. W., Vinograd, J.: Homology and structural relationships between the dimeric and monomeric circular forms of mitochondrial DNA from human leukemic leucocytes. J. molec. Biol. 47, 137 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, D. A., Smith, C. A., Jordan, J. M., Teplitz, M., Vinograd, J.: Occurrence of complex mitochondrial DNA in normal tissues. Nature (Lond.) 220, 976 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, D. A., Vinograd, J.: Circular dimer and catenated forms of mitochondrial DNA in human leukemic leucocytes. Nature (Lond.) 216, 652 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohn, G., Eisenberg, H.: Viscosity and sedimentation study of sonicated DNA-proflavine complexes. Biopolymers 8, 45 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cozzarelli, N. R., Kelly, R. B., Kornberg, A.: A minute circular DNA from Escherichia coli 15. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 60, 992 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, L. V.: A study of shope papilloma virus DNA. J. molec. Biol. 8, 489 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, L. V.: A study of human papilloma virus DNA. J. molec. Biol. 13, 362 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, L. V., Black, P. H.: The nucleic acid of simian virus 40. Virology 24, 388 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, L. V., WARING, M. J.: Supercoiling of polyoma virus DNA measured by its interaction with ethidium bromide. J. molec. Biol. 25, 23 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cuzin, F., Vogt, M., Drickmann, M., Berg, P.: Induction of virus multiplication in 373 cells transformed by thermosensitive mutant of polyoma virus. II. Formation of oligo- meric polyoma DNA molecules. J. molec. Biol. 47, 317 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dawid, I. B.: Mitochondrial RNA in Xenopus laevis: Its homology to mitochondrial DNA. Fed. Proc. 28, 349 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawid, I. B. Wolstenholme, D. R.: Ultracentrifuge and electron microscope studies on the structure of mitochondrial DNA. J. molec. Biol. 28, 233 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dulbecco, R., Vogt, M.: Evidence for a ring structure of polyoma virus DNA. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 50, 236 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drummond, D. S., Simpson-Gildemeister, V. F. W., Peacocke, A. R.: Interaction of aminoacridines with DNA: Effects of ionic strength, denaturation, and structure. Bio- polymers 3, 135 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Espejo, R. T., Canelo, E. S., Sinsheimer, R. L.: DNA of bacteriophage PM 2: A closed circular double-stranded molecule. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 63, 1164 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, H., Penman, S.: Mitochondrial RNA synthesis during meiosis. Science 168, 135 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freifelder, D.: Studies on Escherichia coli sex factors IV. Molecular weights of the DNA of several F’ elements. J. molec. Biol. 35, 95 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, W., Waring, M. T.: A molecular model lor the interaction of ethidium bromide with deoxyribonucleic acid. Ber. der Bunsenges. 68, 805 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gefter, M. L., Becher, A., Hurwitz, J.: The enzymatic repair of DNA, I. Formation of circular A DNA. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 58, 240 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gellert, M.: Formation of covalent circles of lambda DNA by E. coli extracts. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 57, 148 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glaubiger, D., Hearst, J. E.: The effect of superhelical structure on the secondary structure of DNA rings. Biopolymers 8, 692 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, H. B.: The sedimentation coefficient of polyoma virus DNA. Biopolymers 5, 1009 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, H. B., Bloomfield, V. A., Hearst, J. E.: Sedimentation coefficients of linear and cyclic wormlike coils with excluded-volume effects. J. chem. Phys. 46, 1493 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, H. B., Upholt, W. D., Vinograd, J.: A buoyant method for the determination of superhelix density in closed circular DNA. Manuscript in preparation (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hearst, J. E., Stockmayer, W. H.: Sedimentation constants of broken chains and wormlike coils. J. chem. Phys. 37, 1425 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herskovits, T. T.: Nonaqueous solutions of DNA: Factors determining the stability of the helical configuration insolution. Arch. Biochem. 97, 474 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hickson, F. T., Roth, T. F., Helinski, D. R.: Circular DNA forms of a bacterial sex factor. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 58, 1731 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollenberg, C. P., Borst, P., Thuring, R. W. J., Van Brüggen, E. F. J.: Size, structure and genetic complexity of yeast mitochondrial DNA. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 186, 417 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hotta, Y., Bassel, A.: Molecular size and circularity of DNA in cells of mammals and higher plants. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 53, 356 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, B., Clayton, D. A., Vinograd, J.: Complex mitochondrial DNA. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 33, 435 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, B., Upholt, W. B., Devinny, J., Vinograd, J.: The use of an ethidium analogue in the dye-buoyant density procedure for the isolation of closed circular DNA: The variation of the superhelix density of mitochondrial DNA. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 62, 813 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, B., Vinograd, J.: Catenated circular DNA molecules in HeLa cell mitochondria. Nature (Lond.) 216, 647 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jansz, H. S., Zandberg, J., Van De Pol, J. H., Van Brüggen, E. F. J.: Circular DNA from Shigellaparadysenteriae. Europ. J. Biochem. 9, 156 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, J. M., Van Der Eb, A., Vinograd, J.: Complex mitochondiral DNA in cultured cells in an experimentally induced tumor. Manuscript in preparation (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkwood, J. G.: The general theory of irreversible processes in solutions of macro-molecules. J. Polymer Sci. 12, 1 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knight, E., Jr.: Mitochondria-associated RNA of the HeLa cell. Effect of ethidium bromide on the synthesis of ribosomal and 4S RNA. Biochemistry 8, 5089 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kroon, A. M., Borst, P., Van Brüggen, E. F. J., Ruttenberg, G. J. C. M.: Mitochondrial DNA from sheep heart. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 56, 1836 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurata, M.: Hydrodynamic properties of dilute solutions of ring polymers, II. Twisted ring polymers. Bull. Inst. Chem. Res. Kyoto Univ. 44, 150 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langridge, R., Seeds, W. E., Wilson, H. R., Hooper, C. W., Wilkins, M. H. F., Hamilton, L. D.: Molecular structure of DNA. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 3, 767 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C. S., Davidson, N.: Covalently closed minicircular DNA in Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 32, 757 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C. S., Davidson, N.: Physicochemical studies on the minicircular DNA in Escherichia coli 15. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 204, 285 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C. S., Davidson, N., Scalleti, J. V.: Covalently closed circular DNA from Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells infected with phage Nl. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 32, 752 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lepecq, J. B.: Etude spectrofluorimetrique des modalités d’interaction du bromhydrate d’éthidium avec les acides nucléiques. Thèses, Faculté des Sciences de l’Université de Paris 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lepecq, J. B., Paoletti, C.: A fluorescent complex between ethidium bromide and nucleic acids. J. molec. Biol. 27, 87 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lerman, L. S.: Structural considerations in the interaction of DNA and acridines. J. molec. Biol. 3, 18 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lerman, L. S.: The structure of the DNA-acidine complex. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 49, 94 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lerman, L. S.; Amino group reactivity in DNA-aminoacridine complexes. J. molec. Biol. 10, 367 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, H. J., Crothers, D. M.: (1) Studies of the optical properties of the proflavine-DNA complex. Biopolymers 8, 217 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, H. J., Crothers, D. M.: (2) Relaxation studies of the proflavine-DNA complex: The kinetics of an intercalation reaction. J. molec. Biol. 39, 461 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luzzanti, V., Masson, F., Lerman, L. S.: Interaction of DNA and proflavine: A small-angle AT-ray scattering study. J. molec. Biol. 3, 634 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mackinlay, A. G., Kaiser, A. D.: DNA replication in head mutants of bacteriophage X. J. molec. Biol. 39, 679 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nass, M. M. K.: The circularity of mitochondrial DNA. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 56, 1215 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nass, M. M. K.: (1) Mitochondrial DNA II. Structure and physiochemical properties of isolated DNA. J. molec. Biol. 42, 529 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nass, M. M. K.: (2) Reversible generation of circular dimer and higher multiple forms of mitochondrial DNA. Nature (Lond.) 223, 1124 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neville, D. M., Davies, D. R.: The interaction of acridine dyes with DNA: An A-ray diffraction and optical investigation. J. molec. Biol. 17, 57 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olivera, B. M., Lehman, I. R.: (1) Linkage of polynucleotides through phosphodiester bonds by an enzyme from Escherichia coli. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 57, 1426 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olivera, B. M., Lehman, I. R.: (2) Diphosphopyridine nucleotide: A cofactor for the polynucleotide — joining enzyme from Escherichia coli. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 57, 1700 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peacocke, A. R., Skerrett, J. N. H.: The interaction of aminoacridines with nucleic acids. Trans. Faraday Soc. 52, 261 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piko, L., Blair, D. G., Tyler, A., Vinograd, J.: Cytoplasmic DNA in the unfertilized sea urchin egg: Physical properties of circular mitochondrial DNA and the occurrence of catenated forms. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 59, 838 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piko, L., Tyler, A., Vinograd, J.: Amount, location, priming capacity, circularity and other properties of cytoplasmic DNA in sea urchin eggs. Biol. Bull. 132, 68 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radloff, R., Bauer, W., Vinograd, J.: A dye-buoyant density method for the detection and isolation of closed circular duplex DNA: The closed circular DNA in HeLa cells. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 57, 1514 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhoades, M., Thomas, C. A., Jr.: The 22P bacteriophage DNA molecule II. Circular intracellular forms. J. molec. Biol. 37, 41 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suguira, M., Okamoto, T., Takanimi, M.: Starting nucleotide sequences of RNA synthesized on the replicative form DNA of coliphage fd. J. molec. Biol. 43, 299 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suyama, Y., Muira, K.: Size and variations of mitochondrial DNA. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 60, 235 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Upholt, W. D., Gray, H. B., Vinograd, J.: The sedimentation velocity properties of closed circular SV40 DNA as a function of superhelix density and ionic strength. Manuscript in preparation (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinograd, J., Bruner, R., Kent, R., Weigle, J.: Band-centrifugation of macromolecules and viruses in self-generating density gradients. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 49, 902 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinograd, J., Lebowitz, J.: Physical and topological properties of circular DNA. J. gen. Physiol. 49, 103 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinograd, J., Lebowitz, J., Radloff, R., Watson, R., Laipis, P.: The twisted circular form of polyoma viral DNA. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 53, 1104 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinograd, J., Lebowitz, J., Watson, R.: Early and late helix-coil transitions in closed circular DNA: The number of superhelical turns in polyoma DNA. J. molec. Biol. 33, 173 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J. C.: (1) Variation of the average rotation angle of the DNA helix and the super- helical turns of covalently closed cyclic X DNA. J. molec. Biol. 43, 25 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J. C.: (2) Degree of superhelicity of covalently closed cyclic DNA’s from Escherichia coli. J. molec. Biol. 43, 263 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J. C., Baumgarten, D., Olivera, B. M.: On the origin of tertiary turns in covalently closed double-stranded cyclic DNA. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 58, 1852 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waring, M. J.: Complex formation with DNA and inhibition of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase by ethidium bromide. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 87, 358 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weil, R., Vinograd, J.: The cyclic helix and cyclic coil forms of polyoma viral DNA. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 50, 730 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, B., Richardson, C. C.: Enzymatic breakage and joining of DNA, I. Repair of single-strand breaks in DNA by an enzyme from E. coli infected with T4 bacteriophage. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 57, 1021 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolstenholme, D. R., Dawid, I. B.: Circular mitochondrial DNA from Xenopus laevis and Rana pipiens. Chromosoma (Berl.) 20, 445 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, S. B., Little, J. W., Oshinsky, C. K., Gellert, M.: Enzymatic joining of DNA strands: A novel reaction of diphosphopyridine nucleotide. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 57, 1841 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zyber, E., Penman, S.: Mitochondrial-associated 4S RNA synthesis inhibition by ethidium bromide. J. molec. Biol. 46, 201 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zyber, E., Vesco, C., Penman, S.: Selective inhibition of the synthesis of mitochondria-associated RNA by ethidium bromide. J. molec. Biol. 44, 195 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. William Bauer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jerome Vinograd
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C., 20012, USA

    Fred E. Hahn

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1971 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bauer, W., Vinograd, J. (1971). The Use of Intercalative Dyes in the Study of Closed Circular DNA. In: Hahn, F.E. (eds) Proceedings of the Research Symposium on Complexes of Biologically Active Substances with Nucleic Acids and Their Modes of Action. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65141-0_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65141-0_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-65143-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-65141-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation