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Heterophile Antigens and Antibodies in Medicine

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Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 77))

Abstract

When an immune serum reacts with cells, tissues, or body fluids of species different from that which supplied the material for immunization, it is generally assumed that these cross-reactions are due to the sharing of antigen(s) or antigenic determinant(s) among various species, as pointed out by Ehrlich and Morgenroth as early as 1901. The cross-reacting antibodies can be divided into two categories (1) those reacting only with antigens of closely related species — cross-reacting, species-specific antibodies and (2) those acting on antigens of unrelated species. Probably the first report to describe cross-reacting, species-specific antibodies was that of Ehrlich and Morgenroth in 1900. They observed that when rabbits were immunized with goat erythrocytes, the resulting antisera lysed sheep erythrocytes and vice versa. Forssman antibodies are the best known example of antibodies that act on antigens of unrelated species. In 1907, Frouin reported that rabbits immunized with chicken egg yolk formed antibodies that lysed canine erythrocytes. Furthermore, he and Lisbonne (1911) clearly showed that the rabbit anti-egg yolk sera could lyse erythrocytes of sheep, horse, and goat, all of which are now known as Forssman-positive species. In 1911, Forssman reported a similar observation that rabbits immunized with aqueous suspensions of guinea pig, horse, or cat tissues formed antibodies which lysed erythrocytes of sheep, a species apparently unrelated to any of those from which immunizing antigens were derived. Forssman named these antibodies heterologous antibodies (heterologe Antikörper).

Supported by Research Grant IM24A from the American Cancer Society

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  1. Department of Microbiology, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA

    Felix Milgrom

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  1. Kyoichi Kano
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Kano, K., Milgrom, F. (1977). Heterophile Antigens and Antibodies in Medicine. In: Arber, W., et al. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 77. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66740-4_2

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