Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Health Problems on Tankships Carrying Oil, Gas or Bulk Chemicals

  • Chapter
Handbook of Nautical Medicine

  • 145 Accesses

Abstract

There are three main types of tankships: those which carry crude oil and petroleum products, gas tankships and chemicals carriers. The very large crude carriers (VLCCs) are 200000–300000 dead weight tonnage. These ships usually have long voyages. Much smaller tankships deliver product from refineries to petroleum terminals. These ships tend to have short voyages, often in busy shipping lanes, and then load or unload product as quickly as possible at the port. In the subsequent parts of this chapter the petroleum and gas carriers will be discussed in one section and chemical carriers in another.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Amirov, R.O. and A.M. Gasanova: Labour conditions in the oil–tankers and the floating means used in the oil–extracting industry in the sea. Bull. Inst. mar. trop. Med. Gdynia 25, 2–3–4, 409 – 412 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Andreani, D. and E. Strambi: Osservazioni sulla crasi ematica di marittimi imbarcati su navi-cisterna (1). Atti del Centro Studi e ricerche per l’assistenza. Sanitaria e sociale dei marittimi 7–20 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Carter, J.T.: Absence attributed to sickness in oil tanker crews. Brit. J. industr. Med. 33, 9–12 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Clark jr. W.R. and C.H. Montgomery: Arctic Tanker Medicine. Ind. Med. 39, 3, 132–136 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous chemicals in bulk. 1977 edition incorporating and amendments. London: IMCO 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Coker, D.T. and A. Ward Gardner: Occupational health guidelines for ship construction. Shipping World and Shipbuilder 172, 339–341 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Collins, K.J., T.P.Eddy, D.E.Lee et al.: Nutritional and environmental studies on an oceangoing oil tanker. 1. T.ermal environment. Brit. J. industr. Med. 28, 237–245 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Collins, K.J., T.P.Eddy, A.Hibbs et al.: Nutritional and environmental studies on an oceangoing oil tanker. 2. Heat acclimatization and nutrient balances. Brit. J. industr. Med. 28, 246–258 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Duck, B. W.: Some medical aspects of tanker safety. School of Navigation, University of Southampton 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Eddy, T. P., A. L. Stock and E. F. Wheeler: Nutritional and environmental studies on an oceangoing oil tanker. 3. Energy balances and physique. Brit. J. industr. Med. 28, 330–341 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Evaluation of the hazards of bulk water transportation of industrial chemicals. A tentative guide. Revised edition. Committee on Hazardous Materials. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Farrell, T.R. and C. Eng: Chemical tankers–the quiet evolution. The Royal Institution of Naval Architects 147–165 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Gasanova, A.M., N.G. Trifel and P.J. Datiev: Work and leisure on oil tankers. In: III. International Symposium on Marine Medicine, Leningrad, 1968. Moscow 1969. pp. 34–36.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Goethe, H.: Arbeitshygiene auf Tankschiffen. In: Fragen der Schiffahrtsmedizin. Intern. Symp., Heiligendamm 28–31 March 1963. Medizinischer Dienst des Verkehrswesens II. pp. 89–92.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Goethe, H., R. Herrmann, R. Geister et al.: Die Frage der toxikologischen Beeinflussung der Besatzung von Tankschiffen. Eine vergleichende Pilotstudie über Tankschiff-und Nicht-tankschiffahrer. Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin, Präventivmedizin 11, 2, 46–51 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Goethe, H.: Gesundheitliche Probleme bei Tankschiffbesatzungen. Bull. Inst. mar. Med. Gdansk 17, 3, 241–248 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Herrmann, H.: Arbeitsmedizinische Probleme bei der Seeschiffahrt insbesondere der Tankschiffahrt. Hansa 103, 14, 1218–1220 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  18. International maritime dangerous goods code. Vols. 1–4 and supplements. London: IMCO. 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  19. International safety guide for oil tankers and terminals. London: Witherley 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Johnson, J.E.: Safe and efficient operation of chemical tankers. Lecture. Symposium “Safety of life at sea”. Oslo 20–21 Oct. 1980. Research program associated with The Royal Norwegian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. System for Sikkert Skip.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kirjakov, K., P. Kolkovskij, P. Petrov et al.: Occupational petroleum intoxication among tanker fleet crews. Bull. Inst. mar. Med. Gdansk 17, 3, 249–254 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Herrmann, H.: Arbeitsmedizinische Probleme bei der Seeschiffahrt insbesondere der Tankschiffahrt. Hansa 103, 14, 1218–1220 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Malizia, E. and M. Cecconi: Consigli terapeutici per i marittimi a bordo di navi trasportanti sostanze tossiche. L’Assistenza radio-medica 2, pp. 12 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Matsevich, L. M.: Uslovia truda na neftenaliv-nykh sudakh i mery ikh ozdorovlenia. [Work conditions on tankships and steps to their improvements.] In: XXIV moskovskaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsia po problemam promyshlennoy gigieny 1969 g. Ed.: Sektsia gi-gieny truda morskogo nauchnogo gigieniche-skogo obshchestva. Moscow 1969. pp. 115–116.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Medical examinations of crew members on tankers carrying chemicals in bulk. Report of the joint ILO/WHO committee on health of seafarers. Geneva: WHO Executive Board 1974. pp. 6–7.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Medical First aid guide for use in accidents involving dangerous goods. (MFAG). Chemical Supplement to the International Medical Guide for Ships (IMGS). London: IMO 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Mowe, G., O. R. Simonsen and B. Wermundsen: Sjofolk i kjemikaliefart. Hovedprosjektet del I. Kjemiske miljo - og helseproblemer blant mannskap pà skip som frakter flytende kjemi-kalier i bulk. HD 710/770701. Oslo: Yrkeshy-gienisk Institutt 1974. pp. 162.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Nakamura, F.: Health status of ocean-going oil tanker seamen. Bull. Tokyo med. dent. Univ. 20, 3, 221–224 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Nikilov, S.H. and P. V.Nefeudov: About the health measures in tanker fleet. In: VII International symposium on marine medicine, Odessa 23–30 Sept. 1976. Moscow 1976. p. 249.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Page, R. C.: Bulk carriage of liquid chemicals by sea. Ann. occup. Hyg. 14, 205–211 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Page, R. C. and A. W. Gardner: Petroleum tank-ship safety. London: Maritime Press 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Paulsen, J.: Gasskipet som arbeidsplass - prak-tisk erfaring med samarbeid mellom sjü og land. In: Foredrag ved 3S-konferansen om sik-kerhet til sjüs, Oslo, 21 November 1978. pp. 70–76. (System for Sikkert Skip. Rapport 78/4).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Proceedings of the second European nautical medical officers meeting held in the United Kingdom, West Sussex, 10–14 September 1979. London 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Riis Simonsen, O.: Sjöfolk i kjemikaliefart. Hovedprosjektet del II. Tekniskhygieniske under-sökelser om bord paa 19 skip som frakter flytende kjemikalier i bulk. HD 709/770701. Oslo: Yrkeshygienisk Institutt 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Rodahl, K., A. Boiling and O.Tenfjord: Ar-beidsfysiologiske undersükelser paa M/T Texaco Bergen. Oslo. (System for Sikkert Skip).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Schepers, B.-F.: Gesundheitsgefährdung durch Chemikalien an Bord deutscher Seeschiffe unter besonderer Berücksichtigung gefährlicher Ladung. Dissertation, University of Hamburg 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Shafran, L.M., E.B. Yanushevskaya, V.I. Vi–govskij et al.: Changes in the functional state of the cardio–vascular system and electrolytic metabolism in the body adaption process during voyages on liquid gas carrier vessels. Bull. Inst, mar. trop. Med. Gdynia 25, 2–3–4, 415 – 419 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Shishlovskaya, K. Ya., B.Ya. Brodskaya, O. V. Verzilova et al.: Hygienic requirements for cleaning operations on tankers. Bull. Inst. mar. trop. Med. Gdynia 25, 2–3–4, 300 – 302 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Svedung, I.: Air quality on board a tanker. In: Human factors in the design and operation of ships. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Human Factors in the Design and Operation of Ships. Gothenburg, February 1977. Stockholm: Garmat Service 1978. pp. 633–653.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents in the workrooms environment. Cincinnati: ACCIH.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Tomaszunas, S., J. Uselis, A. Krynicki et al.: Working conditions on tankers and seamen health. Bull. Inst. mar. Med. Gdansk 16, 3 /4, 209–218 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Trennt, W.: Uns Scheep. Probleme der Chemikalienfahrt. Das Tankschiff vom Rohöl zur Phosphorsäure. Lecture. Nautischer Verein Kiel. 28.11. 1974. p. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Wermundsen, B. and G. Möwe: Sjofolk i kjemikaliefart. En yrkeshygienisk og medisinsk un-dersokelse vedrorende transport av flytende kjemikalier i bulk pâ norske skip. Rapport fra forprosjektet 1973–1974. Oslo: Yrkeshygienisk Institutt 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Zorn, E., B.-F.Schepers and H.Goethe: Gesundheitsgefährdung durch Chemikalien an Bord deutscher Seeschiffe unter besonderer Berücksichtigung gefährlicher Ladung. Zbl. Ar-beitsmed. 30, 1, 12–19 (1900).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. A. Ward Gardner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Abt. für Schiffahrtsmedizin, Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Schiffs- und Tropenkrankheiten, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 74, 2000, Hamburg 4, Germany

    W. Hartmut G. Goethe (Scientific Director) (Scientific Director)

  2. General Council of British Shipping, London, UK

    E. Norton Watson (Chief Medical Officer) (Chief Medical Officer)

  3. Port and City of London, UK

    Dilwyn T. Jones (Medical Officer Health) (Medical Officer Health)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gardner, A.W. (1984). Health Problems on Tankships Carrying Oil, Gas or Bulk Chemicals. In: Goethe, W.H.G., Watson, E.N., Jones, D.T. (eds) Handbook of Nautical Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69415-8_38

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69415-8_38

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-69417-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-69415-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation