Abstract
Since the first clinical application of a total artificial heart (TAH) by Cooley and Liotta in Houston in 1969 and the subsequent long-term implantations by DeVries in Salt Lake City and Louisville, as well as by Semb in Stockholm in the 1980s about 250 TAHs have been used clinically, mainly in the bridge-to-transplant setting [1]. These pneumatically activated TAHs had a number of potential risk factors such as infection, thromboembolic complications, and bleeding, as well as material degradation. Many of these problems are as yet unsolved. Nevertheless, necessary future development can be clearly outlined: Fully implantable systems including the energy converter have to be developed, fluid mechanics of pump chambers and valves have to be improved, long-term biostability of materials has to be ensured, and adaptive control systems have to be developed. An important step in this direction is currently being undertaken with long-term clinical implants of ventricular assist devices such as those developed by Baxter and Thermo Cardiosystems.
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© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Kaufmann, R., Reul, H., Rau, G. (1995). Total Artificial Heart with High-efficiency Motor-Gear Unit. In: Unger, F. (eds) Assisted Circulation 4. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79340-0_23
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79340-0_23
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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