Abstract
Catalytic synthesis of carbon nanotubes has been investigated over supported transition metal catalysts. The samples were characterized by trans-mission electron microscopy. For catalyst preparation, different methods such as ion-exchange, impregnation, etc. were applied. Activity of the catalyst samples prepared in different ways depended on the nature of the catalyst support (silica of different pore diameter, zeolites of various structure) and on the pH of the solution during the synthesis of catalyst samples. Supported cobalt and iron were found to be active in the catalytic decomposition of acetylene and other carbon-containing compounds. While the activity of iron samples is always higher, the quality of the nanotubes (degree of graphitization) is superior in cobalt samples. The quality and the quantity of carbon nanotubes produced in the catalytic reaction have been stud-ied also as a function of reaction time and reaction temperature. Increasing reaction time can result in a greater amount of amorphous carbon due to the deactivation of catalytically active sites in time. The optimum reaction temperature depends on the initial reactant applied in the decomposition. Increasing temperature is favorable for the formation of a wellgraphitized structure, on the other hand, above a certain temperature homogeneous decomposition of the reactant molecules can take place. In summarizing these results some aspects of the mechanism of nanotube formation can be explained.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
S. Iijima: Nature 354, 56 (1991)
R.E. Smalley: XXXVI. “Regulation of Proteins by Ligands”, Houston, October 26–27, 1992, p.161
Y. Ando, S. Iijima: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32, 107 (1993)
V.P. Dravid, X. Lin, Y. Wang, A. Yee, J.B. Ketterson, R.P.H. Chang: Science 259, 1601 (1993)
D. Ugarte: Nature 359, 707 (1992)
S. Iijima, P.M. Ajayan, T. Ichihashi: Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3100 (1992)
K.D. Chowdhury, J.B. Howard, J.B. Vandersande: J. Mater. Res. 11, 341 (1996)
H. Richter, K. Hernadi, R. Caudano, A. Fonseca, H.-N. Migeon, J.B. Nagy, S. Schneider, J. Vandooren, P.-J. Tiggelen: Carbon 34, 427 (1996)
X.K. Wang, X.W. Lin, S.N. Song, V.P. Dravid, J.B. Ketterson, R.P.H. Chang: Carbon 33, 949 (1995)
A. Thess, R. Lee, P. Nikolaev, H. Dai, P. Petit, J. Robert, C. Xu, Y.H. Lee, S.G. Kim, A.G. Rinzler, D.T. Colbert, G.E. Scuseria, D. Tomanek, J.E. Fischer, R.E. Smalley: Science 273, 483 (1996)
P.M. Ajayan, Ph. Redlich, M. Rühle: J. Mater. Res. 12, 244 (1997)
C-H. Kiang, W.A. Goddard III, R. Beyers, D.S. Bethune: Carbon 33, 903 (1995)
D.S. Bethune, C.H. Kiang, M.S. de Vries, G. Gorman, R. Savoy, J. Vazquez, R. Beyers: Nature 363, 606 (1993)
M. Yudasaka, R. Kituchi, T. Matsui, Y. Ohki, S. Yoshimura: Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 2477 (1995)
M. Jose-Yacaman, M. Miki-Yoshida, L. Rendon, J.G. Santiesteban: Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 657 (1993)
V. Ivanov, J.B. Nagy, Ph. Lambin, A. Lucas, X.B. Zhang, X.F. Zhang, D. Bernaerts, G. Van Tendeloo, S. Amelinckx, J. Van Landuyt: Chem. Phys. Lett. 223, 329 (1994)
H. Hiura, T.W. Ebbesen, K. Tanigaki: Adv. Mater. 7, 275 (1995)
A. Fonseca, K. Hernadi, J. B. Nagy, D. Bernaerts, A. Lucas: J. Mol. Catal. A: Chemical 107, 159 (1996)
S.G. Oh, R.T.K. Baker: J. Catal 128, 137 (1991)
K. Hernadi, A. Fonseca, P. Piedigrosso, J. B.Nagy, D. Bernaerts, J. Riga, A. Lucas: “Carbon nanotube production over Co/silica catalyst” , submitted to Catalysis Lett.
A. Fonseca, K. Hernadi, J.B. Nagy, A. Fudala, D. Bernaerts, A. Lucas: Zeolites 17, 416 (1996)
K. Hernadi, A. Fonseca, J.B. Nagy, D. Bernaerts, A. Lucas: Carbon 34, 1249 (1996)
K. Hernadi , A. Fonseca, J.B. Nagy, D. Bernaerts, J. Riga, A. Lucas: Synth. Met. 77, 31 (1996)
K. Sattler: Carbon 33, 915 (1995)
M. Audier, A. Oberlin, M. Oberlin, M. Coulon, L. Bonnetain: Carbon 19, 217 (1981)
P.C.M. Van Stiphout, D.E. Stobbe, F.T.H. V.D. Scheur, J.W. Geus: Appl. Catal. 40, 219 (1988)
G.G. Tibbets: J. Cryst. Growth 66, 632 (1984)
R.T.K. Baker: Carbon 27, 315 (1989)
S. Amelinckx, X.B. Zhang, D. Bernaerts, X.F. Zang, V. Ivanov, J.B. Nagy: Science 265, 635 (1994)
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hernadi, K., Fonseca, A., Nagy, J.B., Bernaerts, D. (1998). Catalytic Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes. In: Yoshimura, S., Chang, R.P.H. (eds) Supercarbon. Springer Series in Materials Science , vol 33. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03569-6_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03569-6_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-08405-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-03569-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive