Abstract
Particles in interplanetary space come from sources as diverse as the Sun, the planets, and the vastness of the galaxy. The properties of the different particle populations provide information about the acceleration mechanism(s) and the propagation between source and observer. Thus energetic particles can also be used as probes for the properties of the interplanetary medium. To describe acceleration and propagation, we use concepts such as reconnection, acceleration at shock waves, and wave—particle interactions.
The space between Heaven and Earth — is it not like a bellow? It is empty and yet not depleted; Move it and more always comes out.
Lao-Tzu, Tao Te Ching
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barnes, C.W., and J.A. Simpson (1976): Evidence for interplanetary acceler- ation of nucleons in corotating interaction regions, Astrophys. J. 207, 977
Bieber, J.W., W.H. Matthaeus, C.W. Smith, W. Wanner, M.-B. Kallenrode, and G. Wibberenz (1994): Proton and electron mean free paths: the Palmer consensus range revisited, Astrophys. J. 420, 294
Bingham, R. (1993): Space plasma physics: microprocesses, in Plasma physics (ed. R. Dendy ), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 233
Cane, H.V. (1995): The structure and evolution of interplanetary shocks and the relevance for particle acceleration, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 39A, 35
Cane, H.V., R.E. McGuire, and T.T. von Rosenvinge (1986): Two classes of solar energetic particle events associated with impulsive and long-duration soft X-ray flares, Astrophys. J. 301, 448
Cane, H.V., D.V. Reames, and T.T. von Rosenvinge (1988): The role of interplanetary shocks in the longitude distribution of energetic particles, J. Geophys. Res. 93, 9555
Cane, H.V., I.G. Richardsen, and T.T. von Rosenvinge (1993): Cosmic ray decreases and particle acceleration in 1978–1982 and the associated solar wind structures, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 13295
Chenette, D.L., T.F. Conlon, K.R. Pyle, and J.A. Simpson (1977): Observations of jovian electrons at 1 AU throughout the 13 month jovian synodic year, Astrophys. J. 215, L95
Conlon, T.F. (1978): The interplanetary modulation and transport of jovian electrons, J. Geophys. Res. 83, 541
Cornwall, J.M. (1986): Magnetospheric ion acceleration processes, in Ion acceleration in the magnetosphere and ionosphere (ed. T. Chang), Geophys. Monogr. 38, American Geophys. Union, Washington, DC
Dröge, W. (1993): Transport of solar energetic particles, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 90, 567
Droege, W., and 11 others (1986): Effects of corotating interaction regions and Ulysses high energy particles, Solar Wind Eight, (eds. D. Winterhalter et al.), p. 515, AIP Press, Woodbury, NY, p. 515
Fisk, L.A. (1986): The anomalous component, its variation with latitude and related aspects of modulation, in The sun and the heliosphere in three dimensions (ed. R.G. Marsden ), Reidel, Dordrecht, p. 401
Fisk, L.A. and M.A. Lee (1980): Shock acceleration of energetic particles in corotating interaction regions in the solar wind, Astrophys. J. 237, 260
Flückiger, E. (1991): Solar and terrestrial modulation, Proc. 22nd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. 5, 273
Forbush, S.E. (1946): Three unusual cosmic ray increases possibly due to charged particles from the Sun, Phys. Rev. 70, 771
Gloeckler, G. (1984): Characteristics of solar and heliospheric ion populations observed near Earth, Adv. Space Res. 4 (2–3), 127
Gosling, J., J.R. Asbridge, S.J. Bame, W.C. Feldman, R.D. Zwickl, G. Paschmann, N. Sckopke, and R.J. Hynds (1981): J. Geophys. Res. 86, 547
Heber, B., A. Raviart, C. Paizis, M.S. Potgieter, W. Dröge, R. Ducros, P. Ferrando, L.J. Haasbroek, H. Kunow, R. Müller-Mellin, C. Rastoin, K. Röhrs, H. Sierks, and G. Wibberenz (1995): Nucleon modulation from the Ulysses rapid latitude scan: COSPIN/KET results, Proc. 24th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. 4, 764
Heras, A.M., B. Sanahuja, Z.K. Smith, T. Detman, and M. Dryer (1992): The influence of the large-scale interplanetary shock structure on a low-energy particle event, Astrophys. J. 391, 351
Hudson, H.S. and J. Ryan (1995): High energy particles in solar flares, Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 33, 239
Jokipii, J.R. (1990): The anomalous component of cosmic rays, in Physics of the outer heliosphere (eds. E. Grzedzielsky and E. Page), COSPAR Colloq. Series Vol. 1, Pergamon Press, Oxford, p. 169
Kallenrode, M.-B. (1996): A statistical survey of 5 MeV proton events at transient interplanetary shocks, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 24393
Kallenrode, M.-B. (1995): Acceleration and propagation of energetic charged particles in the inner heliosphere, Nuclear Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 39A, 45
Kallenrode, M.-B., E.W. Cliver, and G. Wibberenz (1992): Composition and azimuthal spread of solar energetic particles from impulsive and gradual flares, Astrophys. J. 391, 370
Kallenrode, M.-B., G. Wibberenz, and S. Hucke (1992): Propagation conditions for relativistic electrons in the inner heliosphere, Astrophys. J. 394, 351
Kallenrode, M.-B. and G. Wibberenz (1997): Propagation of particles injected from interplanetary shocks: a black-box model and its consequences for acceleration theory and data interpretation, J. Geophys. Res. 102
Kunow, H., G. Wibberenz, G. Green, R. Müller-Mellin, and M.-B. Kallenrode (1991): Energetic particles in the inner heliosphere, in Physics of the inner heliosphere, vol. 2 (eds. E. Marsch and R. Schwenn ), Springer, Berlin, p. 235
Kunow, H., and 11 others (1995): High energy cosmic ray results on Ulysses: 2. Effects of a recurrent high-speed stream from the southern polar coronal hole, Space Sci. Rev. 72, 397
Lee, M.A. (1980): Coupled hydromagnetic wave excitation and ion acceleration upstream of the Earth’s bow shock, J. Geophys. Res. 87, 5063
Lee, M.A. (1983): The association of energetic particles and shocks in the heliosphere, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 21, 324
Lee, M.A. (1995): Ulysses race to the pole: symposium summary, Space Sci. Rev. 72, 485
Luttrell, A.H. and A.K. Richter (1987): A study of MHD fluctuations upstream and downstream of quasi-parallel interplanetary shocks, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 2243
Mandzhavidze, N. and R. Ramaty (1993): Particle acceleration in solar flares, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 33A,B, 141
Matthaeus, W.H., M.L. Goldstein, and D.A. Roberts (1990): Evidence for the presence of quasi-two-dimensional nearly incompressible fluctuations in the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 20673
McKibben, R.B. (1987): Galactic cosmic rays and anomalous components in the heliosphere, Rev. Geophys. 25 (3), 711
Meyer, P., E.N. Parker, and J.A. Simpson (1956): Solar cosmic rays of February 1956 and their propagation through interplanetary space, Phys. Rev. 104, 768
Meyer, P., R. Ramaty, and W.R. Webber (1974): Cosmic rays — astronomy with energetic particles, Phys. Today 27 (10)
Mihalov, J.D. (1987): Heliospheric shocks (excluding planetary bow shocks), Rev. Geophys. 25, 697
Miller, J.A., P.J. Cargill, A.G. Emslie, G.D. Holman, B.R. Dennis, T.N. LaRosa, R.M. Winglee, S.G. Benka, and S. Tsuneta (1997): Critical issues for understanding particle acceleration in impulsive solar flares, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 14 631
Orlowski, D.S., C.T. Russel, and R.P. Lepping (1992): Wave phenomena in the upstream region of Saturn, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 19187
Palmer, I.D. (1982): Transport coefficients of low-energy cosmic rays in interplanetary space, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 20, 335
Paschmann, G., N. Sckopke, I. Papamastorakis, J.R. Asbridge, S.J. Bame, and J.T. Gosling (1981): Characteristics of reflected and diffuse ions upstream of the Earth’s bow shock, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 4355
Pick, M. and M.E. Machado (eds.) (1993): Fundamental problems in solar activity, Adv. Space Res. 13, no. 9, Pergamon Press, Oxford
Potgieter, M. (1993): Modulation of cosmic rays in the heliosphere, Proc. 23rd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Invitet Paper, p. 213
Ramaty, R., N. Mandzhavidze, B. Kozlovsky, and J.G. Skibo (1993): Acceleration in solar flares: interacting particles versus interplanetary particles, Adv. Space Res. 13 (9), 275
Reames, D.V. (1990): Acceleration of energetic particles by shock waves from large solar flares, Astrophys. J. Lett. 358, L63
Reames, D.V., H.V. Cane, and T.T. von Rosenvinge (1990): Energetic particle abundances in solar electron events, Astrophys. J. 357, 259
Reinhard, R., P. van Nes, T.R. Sanderson, K.-P. Wenzel, E.J. Smith, and B.T. Tsurutani (1983): A statistical study of interplanetary shock associated proton intensity increases, Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. 3, 160
Roelof, E.C. (1969): Propagation of solar cosmic rays in the interplanetary magnetic field, in Lectures in high energy astrophysics (eds. H. Ogelmann and J.R. Wayland), NASA SP-a99, p. 111
Russell, C.T. (ed.) (1995): Physics of collisionless shocks, Adv. Space Res. 15, no. 8/9, Pergamon Press, Oxford
Russell, C.T., and M.M. Hoppe (1983): Upstream waves and particles, Space Sci. Rev. 34, 155
Russell, C.T., R.P. Lepping, and C.W. Smith (1990): Upstream waves at Uranus, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 2273
Sanderson, T.R. (1984): ISEE-3 observations of energetic protons associated with interplanetary shocks, Adv. Space Res. 4, (2–3)305
Scholer, M. (1987): Observational overview of energetic particle populations associated with interplanetary shocks, in Solar Wind VI (eds. V. Pizzo, T.E. Holzer, and D.G. Sime), NCAR/TN306+Proc., Nat. Center for Atm. Research, Boulder, CO
Scholer, M. and G.E. Morfill (1977): Modulation of energetic solar particle fluxes by interplanetary shock waves, in Contributed papers to the study of traveling interplanetary phenomena (eds. M.A. Shea, D.F. Smart, and S.T. Wu ), Air Force Geophys. Lab., Hanscom AFB, Spec. Rep. 209, p. 221
Simpson, J.A. (1989): Evolution of our knowledge of the heliosphere, Adv. Space Res. 9 (4), 5
Simpson, J.A., and 19 others (1995): Cosmic ray and solar particle investigations over the south polar region of the sun, Science 268, 1019
Smith, E.J. and J.H. Wolfe (1976): Observation of interaction regions and corotating shocks between one and five AU: Pioneers 10 and 11, Geophys. Res. Lett. 3, 137
Tsurutani, B.T. and R.P. Lin (1985): Acceleration of 47 keV ions and 2 keV electrons by interplanetary shocks at 1 AU, J. Geophys. Res. 90, 1
Völk, H.J. (1975): Cosmic ray propagatioin in interplanetary space, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 13, 547
Wanner, W. and G. Wibberenz (1993): A study of the propagation of solar energetic protons in the inner heliosphere, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 3513
Webber, W.R. (1987): Cosmic rays in the heliosphere, in Essays in space science (eds. R. Ramaty, T.L. Cline, and J.F. Ormes ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbeld, MD, p. 125
Wenzel, K.-P., R. Reinhard, T.R. Sanderson, and E.T. Sarris (1985): Characteristics of energetic particle events associated with interplanetary shocks, J. Geophys. Res. 90, 12
Zöllich, F., G. Wibberenz, H. Kunow, and G. Green (1981): Corotating events in the energy range 4–13 MeV as observed on board Helios 1 and 2 in 1975 and 1976, Adv. Space Res. 1, 89
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kallenrode, MB. (1998). Energetic Particles in the Heliosphere. In: Space Physics. Advanced Texts in Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03653-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03653-2_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-03655-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-03653-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive