Abstract
Ludwig Wittgenstein’s early definition “a model is a picture of reality” (1921, 8) suggests that the basic idea of a model is rooted in the philosophy of science and in scientific method. Yet it was not until the 1950s that the idea of a model began to be used widely in science, and then the classic definition of model was as “a simplification” rather than “a picture of reality” (Lowry 1965). This was the meaning ascribed to its use in the 1960s as the idea of a model gathered pace as a vehicle on which to develop good theory and applications in countless areas of the physical and social sciences. The term came into fashion first in North America where faith in science was officially translated into various large projects in defense, space exploration, and business. Advances in computing also accelerated the notion that models could be actually built and operated to make better predictions and even better designs for a variety of complex systems.
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Batty, M. (2003). New Developments in Urban Modeling: Simulation, Representation, and Visualization. In: Guhathakurta, S. (eds) Integrated Land Use and Environmental Models. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05109-2_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05109-2_2
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