Skip to main content

Abstract

In financial optimization, the future distribution of wealth is projected by methods of statistical estimation and simulation. For making decisions, different wealth distributions have to be compared and the optimal has to be chosen. In this paper we discuss methods of assignining measures for risk (which are to be minimized) and measures for safety (which are to be maximized) to wealth distributions. Some properties of the presented measures are shown.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Arrow K.J. (1971): Essays in the theory of risk-bearing. Markham, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  2. Artzner Ph., Delbaen F., Eber J.-M., Heath D. (1998): Coherent measures of risk. Preprint

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ferschl F. (1985): Deskripive Statistik. Physica Verlag (in German)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Fishburn P.C. (1980): Stochastic Dominance and Moments of Distributions. Mathematics of Operations Research 5, 94 — 100

    Google Scholar 

  5. Huang C.-F., Litzenberger R. (1988): Foundations of Financial Economics, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey

    Google Scholar 

  6. Jia Jianmin, Dyer J. (1996): A Standard Measure of Risk and Risk-value Models. Management Science 42, (12), 1691 — 1705

    Google Scholar 

  7. Konno H., Yamazaki H. (1991): Mean Absolute Deviation Portfolio Optimization Model and its Applications to Tokyo Stock Market. Management Science 37, 519 — 531

    Google Scholar 

  8. Markowitz, H.M. (1952): Portfolio selection. Journal of Finance 7, 77–91

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ogryczak W. (1998): Stochastic dominance relation and linear risk measures. 23rd Meeting of the EURO Working group on Financial Modelling, Cracow, Poland

    Google Scholar 

  10. Pflug G. Ch. (1998): Risk reshaping contracts and stochastic optimization. Central European Journal of Operations Research and Economics 5, (3–4), 205 — 230

    Google Scholar 

  11. Pratt J. (1964): Risk aversion in the small and in the large. Econometrics 32, 122 — 136

    Google Scholar 

  12. Rao R.R., Ren Z.D. (1991): Theory of Orlicz spaces. Marcel Dekker, New York

    Google Scholar 

  13. Rejda, George E. (1992): Principles of Risk Management and Insurance. Harper Collins, New York

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ritchie Bob (1993): Business risk management. Chapman and Hall, London

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ruszcynski A., Ogryczak W. (1997): From Stochastic Dominance to Mean-Risk Models: Semideviations as Risk Measures. IR-97–027, IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria

    Google Scholar 

  16. Yaari, Menhem E. (1986):. Univariate and multivariate comparisons of risk aversion: a new approach. Essays in honor of Kenneth J. Arrow, Vol. III. ( W. Heller, R. Starr, D. Starrett eds.). Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  17. Yitzhaki S. (1982): Stochastic Dominance, Mean Variance and Gini’s Mean Difference. The American Economic Review 72, 178 — 185

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pflug, G.C. (1999). How to Measure Risk?. In: Leopold-Wildburger, U., Feichtinger, G., Kistner, KP. (eds) Modelling and Decisions in Economics. Physica, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12519-9_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12519-9_3

  • Publisher Name: Physica, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7908-2462-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-12519-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics