Summary
Cerebral haemodynamic effects of intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG) and nitroprusside (NPR) were compared in ten anaesthetized, paralyzed, ventilated dogs, at normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure (Pcsf). NTG (5, 25, 50 μg/kg) increased Pcsf to 181, 250, and 273% of its control value and decreased arterial blood pressure to 89, 80, and 78% of the control level, respectively. NPR (5, 25, 50 μg/kg) increased Pcsf to 142, 169, and 177% of the control value and decreased arterial blood pressure to 88, 72, and 69% of the control level. Haemorrhagic hypotension to arterial blood pressure levels (54% of control) lower than those produced with either NTG or NPR did not alter Pcsf in five dogs. Cerebral blood flow was unchanged with NTG, NPR, or haemorrhagic hypotension. For any given decrease in arterial blood pressure, NTG produced a greater increase in Pcsf than NPR, or haemorrhagic hypotension. We conclude that NTG has a greater effect on cerebral veins than NPR. The increase in cerebral volume responsible for the increased Pcsf with these agents occurs as a consequence of an increase in the cerebral venous volume.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Brown, E. D., Hanlon, K., Crockard, K., Mullan S.: Effect of sodium nitroprusside on cerebral blood flow in conscious human beings. Surg. Neurol. 7 (1977), 67–70.
Griffiths, D. P. G., Cummins, B. H., Greenbaum, R., Griffith, H. B., Staddon, G. E., Wilkins, D. G., Zorab, J. S. M.: Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during hypotension induced with sodium nitroprusside. Brit. J. Anaesth. 46 (1974), 671–679.
Heros, R. C., Zervas, N. T., Lavyne, M. H., Pickren, K. S.: Reversal of experimental cerebral vasospasm by intravenous nitroprusside therapy. Surg. Neurol. 6 (1976), 227–229.
Ivankovich, A. D., Miletich, D. J., Albrecht, R. F., Zahed, B.: Sodium nitroprusside and cerebral blood flow in the anesthetized and unanesthetized goat. Anesthesiology 44 (1976), 21–26.
Keaney, N. P., McDowall, D. G., Turner, J. M., Lane, J. R., Okuda, Y.: The effects of profound hypotension induced with sodium nitroprusside on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in the baboon. Brit. J. Anaesth. 45 (1973), 639.
Lowe, R. F., Gilboe, D. D.: Canine cerebrovascular response to nitroglycerin, acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptarpine, and angiotensin. Amer. J. Physiol. 225 (1973), 1333–1338.
Needleman, P., Jakschik, B., Johnson, E. M.: Sulfhydryl requirement for relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther. 187 (1973), 324–331.
O’Neill, J. T., Traystman, R. J.: Adrenergic receptors in the intra-and extracranial vasculature. In: Neurogenic Control of Brain Circulation (Owman, Ch., Edvinsson, L., eds.), pp. 245–260. Oxford and New York: Pergamon Press. 1977.
Pitt, B. R., Radford, E. P., Jr., Gurtner, G. H., Traystman, R. J.: Interaction of carbon monoxide and cyanide on cerebral circulation and metabolism. Arch. Environ. Hlth. 34 (1979), 354–359.
Rapela, C. E., Green, H. D.: Autoregulation of canine cerebral blood flow. Circ. Res. 15 (Suppl. 1) (1964), I 205–211.
Rogers, M. C., Hamburger, C., Owen, K., Epstein, M. H.: Nitroglycerin effects on intracranial pressure. Anesthesiology 51 (1979), 227–229.
Shapiro, H. M., Stromberg, D. D., Wiederhielm, C. A.: Dynamic pressure in the pial arterial microcirculation. Amer. J. Physiol. 221 (1971), 279–283.
Stoyka, W. W., Schutz, H.: The cerebral response to sodium nitroprusside and trimetaphan controlled hypotension. Canad. Anaesth. Soc. J. 22 (1975), 275–283.
Tinker, J. H., Michenfelder, J. D.: Sodium nitroprusside: Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutics. Anesthesiology 45 (1976), 340–354.
Traystman, R. J., Fitzgerald, R. S.: Cerebrovascular response to hypoxia in baroreceptor and chemoreceptor denervated dogs. Amer. J. Physiol. 241 (1981), H724–H731.
Traystman, R. J., Fitzgerald, R. S., Loscutoff, S. M.: Cerebral circulatory responses to arterial hypoxia in normal and chemodenervated dogs. Circ. Res. 42 (1978), 649–657.
Traystman, R. J., Rapela, C. E.: Effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation on cerebral and cephalic blood flow in dogs. Circ. Res. 36 (1975), 620–630.
Turner, J. M., Powell, D., Gibson, R. M., McDowall, D. G.: Intracranial pressure changes in neurosurgical patients during hypotension induced with sodium nitroprusside or trimetaphan. Brit. J. Anaesth. 49 (1977), 419–424.
Warren, S. E., Francis, G. S.: Nitroglycerin and nitrate esters. Amer. J. Med. 65 (1978), 53–62.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 Springer-Verlag Wien
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rogers, M.C., Traystman, R.J. (1983). Effects of Nitroglycerin and Nitroprusside on Cerebral Veins. In: Auer, L.M., Loew, F. (eds) The Cerebral Veins. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4124-3_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4124-3_32
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-4126-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-4124-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive