Skip to main content

Relationships Between MNC Subsidiaries – Opening a Black Box in the International Business Field

  • Chapter
Internationale Unternehmungen und das Management ausländischer Tochtergesellschaften

Abstract

In today's global economy, many firms have their value-creating activities dispersed in various countries and regions (Porter 1980, 1989, Kutschker/Schmid 2008, pp. 996-1006, Schmid/Grosche 2008, 2009). According to their respective business models, many multinational corporations (MNCs) consider the direct and immediate host country presence through legally independent engagements as vital for their economic success. Hence, they establish or acquire (foreign) subsidiaries to carry out or bundle activities.1 How these foreign subsidiaries are managed by headquarters, which tasks they fulfill and what their position in the overall organization is can vary considerably, though. International business (IB) scholars have brought about a considerable amount of research on both headquarters-subsidiary relationships (for example Baliga/Jaeger 1984, Gates/Egelhoff 1986, Gupta 1987, Martinez/ Jarillo 1989, Birkinshaw/Morrison 1995) and subsidiary roles (see Schmid et al. 1998, Schmid/Kutschker 2003, Schmid 2004 or Kutschker/Schmid 2008, pp. 338- 363 for overviews).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literature

  • Adenfelt, M./Lagerström, K. (2006): Knowledge Development and Sharing in Multinational Corporations: The Case of a Centre of Excellence and a Transnational Team. In: International Business Review, Vol. 15, No. 4, 2006, pp. 381–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amit, R./Schoemaker, P. J. H. (1993): Strategic Assets and Organizational Rent. In: Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1993, pp. 33–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arndt, S. W./Kierzkowski, H. (2001): Fragmentation: New Production Patterns in the World Economy. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arrow, K. J. (1964): Control in Large Organizations. In: Management Science, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1964, pp. 397–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Axelrod, R. (1984): The Evolution of Cooperation. Basic Books, New York, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baliga, B. R./Jaeger, A. M. (1984): Multinational Corporations: Control Systems and Delegation Issues. In: Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1984, pp. 25–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barney, J. (1991): Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. In: Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1991, pp. 99–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, C. A./Ghoshal, S. (1987a): Managing across Borders: New Organizational Responses. In: Sloan Management Review, Vol. 29, No. 1, 1987, pp. 43–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, C. A./Ghoshal, S. (1987b): Managing across Borders: New Strategic Requirements. In: Sloan Management Review, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1987, pp. 7–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, C. A./Ghoshal, S. (1988): Organizing for Worldwide Effectiveness: The Transnational Solution. In: California Management Review, Vol. 31, No. 1, 1988, pp. 54–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, C. A./Ghoshal, S. (1998): Managing across Borders: The Transnational Solution. 2nd ed., Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bendt, A. (2000): Wissenstransfer in Multinationalen Unternehmen. Gabler, Wiesbaden, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bengtsson, M./Kock, S. (1999): Cooperation and Competition in Relationships Between Competitors in Business Networks. In: Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1999, pp. 178–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bengtsson, M./Kock, S. (2000): “Coopetition” in Business Networks – to Cooperate and Compete Simultaneously. In: Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 29, No. 5, 2000, pp. 411–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birkinshaw, J. (1996): How Multinational Subsidiary Mandates Are Gained and Lost. In: Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 27, No. 3, 1996, pp. 467–495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birkinshaw, J. (1997): Entrepreneurship in Multinational Corporations: The Characteristics of Subsidiary Initiatives. In: Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18, No. 3, 1997, pp. 207–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birkinshaw, J. (2001a): Strategies for Managing Internal Competition. In: California Management Review, Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001, pp. 21–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birkinshaw, J. (2001b): Entrepreneurship in the Global Firm: Enterprise and Renewal (Strategy). Sage, London, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birkinshaw, J./Morrison, A. J. (1995): Configurations of Strategy and Structure in Subsidiaries of Multinational Corporations. In: Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 26, No. 4, 1995, pp. 729–753.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birkinshaw, J./Fry, N. (1998): Subsidiary Initiatives to Develop New Markets. In: Sloan Management Review, Vol. 39, No. 3, 1998, pp. 51–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birkinshaw, J./Hood, N. (1998): Multinational Subsidiary Evolution: Capability and Charter Change in Foreign-Owned Subsidiary Companies. In: Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23, No. 4, 1998, pp. 773–795.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birkinshaw, J./Hood, N. (2001): Unleash Innovation in Foreign Subsidiaries. In: Harvard Business Review, Vol. 79, No. 3, 2001, pp. 131–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birkinshaw, J./Lingblad, M. (2005): Intrafirm Competition and Charter Evolution in the Multibusiness Firm. In: Organization Science, Vol. 16, No. 6, 2005, pp. 674–686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birkinshaw, J./Toulan, O./Arnold, D. (2001): Global Account Management in Multinational Corporation Theory and Evidence. In: Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 32, No. 2, 2001, pp. 231–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Björkman, I./Barner-Rasmussen, W./Li, L. (2004): Managing Knowledge Transfer in MNCs: The Impact of Headquarters Control Mechanisms. In: Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 35, No. 5, 2004, pp. 443–455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brandenburger, A. M./Nalebuff, B. J. (1996): Co-Opetition. Currency Doubleday, New York, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S. P./Cron, W. L./Slocum, J. W. Jr. (1998): Effects of Trait Competitiveness and Perceived Intraorganizational Competition on Salesperson Goal Setting and Performance. In: Journal of Marketing, Vol. 62, No. 4, 1998, pp. 88–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P. J./Carter, M. J. (1999): Managing Cross-Border Complementary Knowledge. In: International Studies of Management & Organization, Vol. 29, No. 1, 1999, pp. 80–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P. J./Carter, M. J. (2000): Knowledge Management in Global Technology Markets: Applying Theory to Practice. In: Long Range Planning, Vol. 33, No. 1, 2000, pp. 55–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P. J./Carter, M. J. (2002): Process and Structure in Knowledge Management Practices of British and US Multinational Enterprises. In: Journal of International Management, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2002, pp. 29–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P. J./Carter, M. J. (2003): Governing Knowledge Sharing in Multinational Enterprises. In: Management International Review, Vol. 43, Special Issue No. 3, 2003, pp. 7–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burt, R. S. (1983): Distinguishing Relational Contents. In: Ronald, S. B./Michael, J. M. (1983, Eds.): Applied Network Analysis. A Methodological Introduction. Sage, Beverly Hills, 1983, pp. 35–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burt, R. S. (1992): Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cerrato, D. (2006): The Multinational Enterprise as an Internal Market System. In: International Business Review, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2006, pp. 253–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, K. S. (1977): Exchange and Power in Networks of Interorganizational Relations. In: Sociological Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 1, 1977, pp. 62–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deutsch, M. (1949): A Theory of Co-Operation and Competition. In: Human Relations, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1949, pp. 129–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dowling, M./Lechner, C. (1998): Kooperative Wettbewerbsbeziehungen: Theoretische Ansätze und Managementstrategien. In: Die Betriebswirtschaft, Vol. 58, No. 1, 1998, pp. 86–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dowling, M./Roering, W./Carlin, B./Wisnieski, J. (1996): Multifaceted Relationships under Coopetition: Description and Theory. In: Journal of Management Inquiry, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1996, pp. 155–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doz, Y. L./Prahalad, C. K. (1991): Managing DMNCs: A Search for a New Paradigm. In: Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1991, pp. 145–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyer, J. H./Singh, H. (1998): The Relational View: Cooperative Strategy and Sources of Interorganizational Competitive Advantage. In: Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23, No. 4, 1998, pp. 660–679.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Easton, G./Araujo, L. (1986): Networks, Bonding and Relationships in Industrial Markets. In: Industrial Marketing and Purchasing, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1986, pp. 8–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Easton, G./Araujo, L. (1992): Non-Economic Exchange in Industrial Networks. In: Axelsson, B./ Easton, G. (1992, Eds.): Industrial Networks: A New View of Reality. Routledge, London, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, T./Kuruvilla, S. (2005): International HRM: National Business Systems, Organizational Politics and the International Division of Labour in MNCs. In: International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2005, pp. 1–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fehr, E./Fischbacher, U. (2002): Why Social Preferences Matter – The Impact of Non-Selfish Motives on Competition, Cooperation and Incentives. In: Economic Journal, Vol. 112, No. 478, 2002, pp. C1-C33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, J./Govindarajan, V. (1992): Profit Centre Manager Compensation: An Examination of Market, Political and Human Capital Factors. In: Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13, No. 3, 1992, pp. 205–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fong, C.-M./Ho, H.-L./Weng, L.-C./Yang, K.-P. (2007): The Intersubsidiary Competition in an MNE: Evidence from the Greater China Region. In: Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, Vol. 24, No. 1, 2007, pp. 45–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foss, N. J./Pedersen, T. (2000): Organizing Knowledge Processes in the Multinational Corporation: An Introduction. In: Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 35, No. 5, 2000, pp. 340–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galunic, C. D./Eisenhardt, K. M. (1996): The Evoluation of Intracorporate Domains: Divisional Charter Losses in High-technology, Multidivisional Corporations. In: Organization Science, Vol. 7, No. 3, 1996, pp. 255–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gates, S. R./Egelhoff, W. G. (1986): Centralization in Headquarters-Subsidiary Relationships. In: Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 17, No. 2, 1986, pp. 71–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gereffi, G./Humphrey, J./Sturgeon, T. (2005): The Governance of Global Value Chains. In: Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2005, pp. 78–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghoshal, S./Bartlett, C. A. (1988): Creation, Adoption, and Diffusion of Innovations by Subsidiaries of Multinational Corporations. In: Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 19, No. 3, 1988, pp. 365–388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghoshal, S./Bartlett, C. A. (1990): The Multinational Corporation as an Interorganizational Network. In: Academy of Management Review, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1990. pp. 603–625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gnyawali, D. R./Singal, M./Mu, S. (2007): Inter-Subsidiary Collaboration for Knowledge: A Conceptual Model. Best Paper Proceedings of the Academy of Management Meetings, Philadelphia, 2007, pp. 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Govindarajan, V./Gupta, A. K. (2001): The Quest for Global Dominance. Jossey Bass, San Francisco, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grunwald, W./Lilge, H.-G. (1982): Kooperation und Konkurrenz in Organisationen. Haupt, Stuttgart, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, A. K. (1987): SBU Strategies, Corporate SBU-Relations, and SBU-Effectiveness in Strategy Implementation. In: Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 30, No. 3, 1987, pp. 477–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, A. K./Govindarajan, V. (1986): Resource Sharing among SBUs: Strategic Antecedents and Administrative Implications. In: Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 29, No. 4, 1986, pp. 695–714.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, A. K./Govindarajan, V. (1991): Knowledge Flows and the Structure of Control within Multinational Corporations. In: Academy of Management Review, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1991, pp. 768–792.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, A. K./Govindarajan, V. (2000): Knowledge Flows within Multinational Corporations. In: Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2000, pp. 473–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, A. K./Becerra, M. (2003): Impact of Strategic Context and Inter-Unit Trust on Knowledge Flows within the Multinational Corporation. In: McKern, B. (2003, Ed.): Managing the Global Network Corporation. Routledge, London, 2003, pp. 23–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halal, W. E. (1994): From Hierarchy to Enterprise: Internal Markets Are the New Foundation of Management. In: Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1994, pp. 69–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halal, W. E./Geranmayeh, A./Pourdehnad, J. (1993): Internal Markets. Bringing the Power of Free Enterprise inside Your Organization. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, M. T. (1999): The Search-Transfer Problem: The Role of Weak Ties in Sharing Knowledge Across Organization Subunits. In: Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 44, No. 1, 1999, pp. 82–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harzing, A.-W./Noorderhaven, N. G. (2006): Knowledge Flows in MNCs: An Empirical Test and Extension of Gupta & Govindarajan's Typology of Subsidiary Roles. In: International Business Review, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2006, pp. 195–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hedlund, G. (1986): The Hypermodern MNC – A Heterarchy? In: Human Resource Management, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1986, pp. 9–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hennart, J.-F. (1993a): Control in Multinational Firms: The Role of Price and Hierarchy. In: Westney, D. E./Ghoshal S. (1993, Eds.): Organization Theory and the Multinational Corporation. Macmillan, London, 1993, pp. 157–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hennart, J.-F. (1993b): Explaining the Swollen Middle: Why Most Transactions Are a Mix of Market and Hierarchy. In: Organization Science, Vol. 4, No. 4, 1993, pp. 529–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillebrand, B./Biemans, W. G. (2003): The Relationship between Internal and External Cooperation: Literature Review and Propositions. In: Journal of Business Research, Vol. 56, No. 9, 2003, pp. 735–743.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, F. (1976): Social Limits to Growth. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirshleifer, J. (1982): Evolutionary Models in Economics and Law: Cooperation versus Conflict Strategies. In: Rubin, P. H. (1982, Ed.): Research in Law and Economics. 4th ed., JAI Press, London, pp. 1–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holm, U./Pedersen, T. (2000): The Emergence and Impact of MNC Centres of Excellence: A Subsidiary Perspective. Macmillan, London, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holtbrügge, D. (2005): Configuration and Co-Ordination of Value Activities in German Multinational Corporations. In: European Management Journal, Vol. 23, No. 5, 2005, pp. 564–575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Homans, G. C. (1973): Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, S. A./Schleissing, S. (2000): Konkurrenz und Kooperation. Interdisziplinäre Zugänge zur Theorie der Co-Opetition. Metropolis, Marburg, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, J./Mattson, L.-G. (1987): Interorganisational Relations in Industrial Systems: A Network Approach Compared with a Transaction Cost Approach. In: International Studies of Management & Organization, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1987, pp. 34–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, D. W./Johnson, R. T. (1989): Cooperation and Competition: Theory and Research. Interaction Book Company, Edina, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. P. (1982): Social and Cognitive Features of the Dissolution of Commitment to Relationships. In: Duck, S. (1982, Ed.): Personal Relationships 4: Dissolving Personal Relationships. Academic Press, New York, 1982, pp. 51–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalra, A./Shi, M. (2001): Designing Optimal Sales Contests: A Theoretical Perspective. In: Marketing Science, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2001, pp. 170–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanter, R. M. (1982): The Middle Manager as Innovator. In: Harvard Business Review, Vol. 60, No. 4, 1982, pp. 95–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplinsky, R. (2004): Spreading the Gains from Globalization: What Can Be Learned from Value-Chain Analysis? In: Problems of Economic Transition, Vol. 47, No. 2, 2004, pp. 74–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khanna, T./Gulati, R./Nohria, N. (1998): The Dynamics of Learning Alliances: Competition, Cooperation, and Relative Scope. In: Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 19, No. 3, 1998, pp. 193–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kogut, B./Zander, U. (1992): Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology. In: Organization Science, Vol. 3, No. 3, 1992, pp. 383–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kogut, B./Zander, U. (1993): Knowledge of the Firm and the Evolutionary Theory of the Multinational Corporation. In: Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 24, No. 4, 1993, pp. 625–645.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kohn, A. (1986): No Contest: The Case Against Competition. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kutschker, M./Schmid, S. (1995): Netzwerke internationaler Unternehmungen. Discussion Paper No. 64, Katholische Universität Eichstätt, Ingolstadt, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kutschker, M./Schmid, S. (2008): Internationales Management. 6th ed., Oldenbourg, München, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kutschker, M./Schurig, A./Schmid, S. (2002): Centers of Excellence in MNCs. An Empirical Analysis from Seven European Countries. In: Larimo, J. (2002, Ed.): Current European Research in International Business, Vol. 86. Vaasan Yliopiston Julkaisuja, Vaasa, pp. 224–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lado, A. A./Boyd, N. G./Hanlon, S. C. (1997): Competition, Cooperation, and the Search for Economic Rents: A Syncretic Model. In: Academy of Management Review, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1997, pp. 110–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lagerström, K./Andersson, M. (2003): Creating and Sharing Knowledge within a Transnational Team – The Development of a Global Business System. In: Journal of World Business, Vol. 38, No. 2, 2003, pp. 84–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, H. B. (1944): An Experimental Study of the Role of the Ego in Work. I. The Role of the Ego in Cooperative Work. In: Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol. 34, No. 2, 1944, pp. 113–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, D./Ferreira, M. P. (2003): Technology Transfer within MNEs: An Investigation of Inter-Subsidiary Competition and Cooperation. 4th IGMS CIBER Research Forum, Temple University, Philadelphia, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, D./Ferreira, M. P./Serra, F. (2007): Technology Transfer within MNEs: An Investigation of Intersubsidiary Competition and Cooperation. globADVANTAGE Working Paper No. 1, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Leiria, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo, X./Slotegraaf, R. J./Pan, X. (2006): Cross-Functional “Coopetition”: The Simultaneous Role of Cooperation and Competition within Firms. In: Journal of Marketing, Vol. 70, No. 2, 2006, pp. 67–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, Y. (2004): Coopetition in International Business. Copenhagen Business School Press, Copenhagen, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo, Y. (2005): Toward Coopetition within a Multinational Enterprise: A Perspective from Foreign Subsidiaries. In: Journal of World Business, Vol. 40, No. 1, 2005, pp. 71–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, Y. (2007): A Coopetition Perspective of Global Competition. In: Journal of World Business, Vol. 42, No. 2, 2007, pp. 129–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahnke, V./Pedersen, T./Venzin, M. (2005): The Impact of Knowledge Management on MNC Subsidiary Performance: The Role of Absorptive Capacity. In: Management International Review, Vol. 45, Special Issue 2, 2005, pp. 101–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • March, J. G./Simon, H. A. (1958): Organizations. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, J. I./Jarillo, J. C. (1989): The Evolution of Research on Coordination Mechanisms in Multinational Corporations. In: Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 20, No. 3, 1989, pp. 489–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCann, J. E./Ferry, D. L. (1979): An Approach for Assessing and Managing Inter-Unit Interdependence. In: Academy of Management Review, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1979, pp. 113–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D. (1983): The Correlates of Entrepreneurship in Three Types of Firms. In: Management Science, Vol. 29, No. 7, 1983, pp. 770–791.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minbaeva, D. B./Pedersen, T./Björkman, I./Fey, C. F./Park, H. J. (2003): MNC Knowledge Transfer, Subsidiary Absorptive Capacity, and HRM. In: Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 34, No. 6, 2003, pp. 586–599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monteiro, L. F./Arvidsson, N./Birkinshaw, J. (2007): Intra-Firm Knowledge Flows: Explaining Subsidiary Isolation and Its Performance Implications. In: Academy of Management Proceedings, 2007, pp. 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monteiro, L. F./Arvidsson, N./Birkinshaw, J. (2008): Knowledge Flows within Multinational Corporations: Explaining Subsidiary Isolation and Its Performance Implications. In: Organization Science, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2008, pp. 90–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, K./Birkinshaw, J. (1998): Managing Knowledge in Global Service Firms: Centers of Excellence. In: Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1998, pp. 81–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moran, P./Ghoshal, S. (1996): Value Creation by Firms. In: Academy of Management Proceedings, 1996, pp. 41–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mudambi, R./Navarra, P. (2004): Is Knowledge Power? Knowledge Flows, Subsidiary Power and Rent-Seeking within MNCs. In: Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 35, No. 5, 2004, pp. 385–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, W. H./Dacin, P. A. (1998): Sales Contests: A Research Agenda. In: Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, Vol. 18, No. 1, 1998, pp. 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, W. H./Dacin, P. A./Ford, N. M. (2004): Sales Contest Effectiveness: An Examination of Sales Contest Design Preferences of Field Sales Forces. In: Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 32, No. 2, 2004, pp. 127–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nahapiet, J./Ghoshal, S. (1998): Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage. In: Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23, No. 2, 1998, pp. 242–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O'Donnell, S. W. (2000): Managing Foreign Subsidiaries: Agents of Headquarters, or an Interdependent Network? In: Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 21, No. 5, 2000, pp. 525–548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osterloh, M. (1998): Unternehmensinterne Märkte: Je mehr, desto besser? In: Glaser, H./Schröder, E. F./Werder A. v. (1998, Eds.): Organisation im Wandel der Märkte. Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstag von Erich Frese. Gabler, Wiesbaden, 1998, pp. 287–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perlmutter, H. V. (1969): The Tortuous Evolution of the Multinational Corporation. In: Columbia Journal of World Business, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1969, pp. 9–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, J./Sutton, R. I. (2000): The Knowing-Doing Gap: How Smart Companies Turn Knowledge into Action. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phelps, N. A./Fuller, C. (2000): Multinationals, Intracorporate Competition, and Regional Development. In: Economic Geography, Vol. 76, No. 3, 2000, pp. 224–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter-Roth, B. (2002): Request for Proposal: A Guide to Effective RFP Development. Addison-Wesley, Boston, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M. (1980): Competitive Strategy. Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. The Free Press, New York, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, W. W. (1990): Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization. In: Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1990, pp. 265–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Randøy, T./Li, J. (1998): Global Resource Flows and MNE Integration. In: Birkinshaw, J./Hood, N. (1998, Eds.): Multinational Corporate Evolution and Subsidiary Development. Macmillan/St. Martin's Press, New York, 1998, pp. 76–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rank, O. N. (2003): Formale und informelle Organisationsstrukturen: Eine Netzwerkanalyse des strategischen Planungs- und Entscheidungsprozesses multinationaler Unternehmen. Gabler, Wiesbaden, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth, K./Morrison, A. J. (1992): Implementing Global Strategy: Characteristics of Global Subsidiary Mandates. In: Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 23, No. 4, 1992, pp. 715–735.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rugman, A. M./Verbeke, A. (2003): Extending the Theory of the Multinational Enterprise: Internalization and Strategic Management Perspectives. In: Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 34, No. 2, 2003, pp. 125–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiller, T. (2000): Kompetenz-Management für den Anlagenbau: Ansatz, Empirie und Aufgaben. Gabler, Wiesbaden, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, S. (1996): Multikulturalität in der internationalen Unternehmung. Konzepte – Reflexionen – Implikationen. Gabler, Wiesbaden, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, S. (2003): How MNCs Can Upgrade Foreign Subsidiaries: A Case Study from Central and Eastern Europe. In: Stüting, H.-J./Dorow, W./Claassen, F./Blazejewski, S. (2003, Eds.): Change Management in Transition Economies: Integrating Corporate Strategy, Structure and Culture. Palgrave/ Macmillan, New York, 2003, pp. 273–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, S. (2004): The Roles of Foreign Subsidiaries in Network MNCs – A Critical Review of the Literature and Some Directions for Future Research. In: Larimo, J./Rumpunen, S. (2004, Eds.): European Research on Foreign Direct Investment and International Human Resource Management, Vol. 112. Vaasan Yliopiston Julkaisuja, Vaasa, 2004, pp. 237–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, S. (2005): Kooperationen: Erklärungsperspektiven interaktionstheoretischer Ansätze. In: Zentes, J./Swoboda, B./Morschett, D. (2005, Eds.): Kooperationen, Allianzen und Netzwerke. Grundlagen – Ansätze – Perspektiven. 2nd ed., Gabler, Wiesbaden, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, S./Kutschker, M.(2003): Rollentypologien für ausländische Tochtergesellschaften in Multinationalen Unternehmungen. In: Holtbrügge, D. (2003, Ed.): Management Multinationaler Unternehmungen. Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstag von Martin K. Welge. Physika/Springer, Heidelberg, 2003, pp. 161–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, S./Daub, M. (2005): Service Offshoring Subsidiaries – Towards a Typology. Working Paper No. 12, ESCP-EAP European School of Management Berlin, Berlin, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, S./Grosche, P. (2008): Managing the International Value Chain in the Automotive Industry – Strategy, Structure, and Culture. Bertelsmann Stiftung, Gütersloh, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, S./Schurig, A. (2003): The Development of Critical Capabilities in Foreign Subsidiaries: Disentangling the Role of the Subsidiary's Business Network. In: International Business Review, Vol. 12, No. 6, 2003, pp. 755–782.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, S./Bäurle, I./Kutschker, M. (1998): Tochtergesellschaften in international tätigen Unternehmungen – Ein „State-of-the-Art“ unterschiedlicher Rollentypologien. Discussion Paper No. 104, Katholische Universität Eichstätt, Ingolstadt, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, S./Bäurle, I./Kutschker, M. (1999): Ausländische Tochtergesellschaften als Kompetenzzentren. Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung. In: Kutschker, M. (1999, Ed.): Management verteilter Kompetenzen in multinationalen Unternehmungen. Gabler, Wiesbaden, 1999, pp. 99–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, S./Schurig, A./Kutschker, M. (2002): The MNC as a Network – A Closer Look at Intra- Organizational Flows. In: Lundan, S. M. (2002, Ed.): Network Knowledge in International Business. Edward Elgar (Series New Horizons in International Business), Northampton, 2002, pp. 45–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoch, R. (1969): Der Verkaufsvorgang als sozialer Interaktionsprozess. Schellenberg, Winterthur, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweiger, D. M./Atamer, T./Calori, R. (2003): Transnational Project Teams and Networks: Making the Multinational Organization More Effective. In: Journal of World Business, Vol. 38, No. 2, 2003, pp. 127–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, K. G./Carroll, S. J./Ashford, S. J. (1995): Intra- and Interorganizational Cooperation: Toward a Research Agenda. In: The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 38, No. 1, 1995, pp. 7–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taggart, J. H. (1997): Autonomy and Procedural Justice: A Framework for Evaluating Subsidiary Strategy. In: Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 28, No. 1, 1997, pp. 51–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thibaut, J. W./Kelley, H. H. (1959): The Social Psychology of Groups. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, G./Frances, J./Levacic, R./Mitchell, J. (1991): Markets, Hierarchies and Networks: The Coordination of Social Life. Sage, London, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, J. D. (1967): Organizations in Action: Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorelli, H. B. (1986): Networks: Between Markets and Hierarchies. In: Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1986, pp. 37–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, W. (2000): Social Capital, Strategic Relatedness and the Formation of Intraorganizational Linkages. In: Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 21, No. 9, 2000, pp. 925–939.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, W. (2002): Social Structure of “Coopetition” within a Multiunit Organization: Coordination, Competition and Intraorganizational Knowledge Sharing. In: Organization Science, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2002, pp. 179–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, W./Ghoshal, S. (1998): Social Capital and Value Creation: The Role of Intrafirm Networks. In: Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 41, No. 4, 1998, pp. 464–476.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ullrich, C. (2004): Die Dynamik von Coopetition. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dauerhafter Kooperation. Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, Wiesbaden, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Lange, P. A. M./De Dreu, C. K. W. (2003): Soziale Interaktion: Kooperation und Wettbewerb. In: Stroebe, W./Jonas K./Hewstone, M. (2003, Eds.): Sozialpsychologie: Eine Einführung. 4th ed., Springer, Berlin, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walley, K. (2007): Coopetition. In: International Studies of Management & Organization, Vol. 37, No. 2, 2007, pp. 11–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weise, P. (1997): Konkurrenz und Kooperation. In: Held, M. (1997, Ed.): Normative Grundfragen der Ökonomik. Campus, Frankfurt a. M., 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, R. E./Poynter, T. A. (1990): Organizing for World-Wide Advantage. In: Bartlett, C. A./Doz, J. L./Hedlund, G. (1990, Eds.): Managing the Global Firm. Routledge, London, 1990, pp. 95–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, O. E. (1975): Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications. The Free Press, New York, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, S./Tavares, A. T. (2004): Centralization and Autonomy: Back to the Future. In: International Business Review, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2004, pp. 215–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zack, M. H. (1999): Managing Codified Knowledge. In: Sloan Management Review, Vol. 40, No. 4, 1999, pp. 45–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zander, U./Kogut, B. (1995): Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities. An Empirical Test. In: Organization Science, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1995, pp. 76–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, H./Luo, Y. (2005): Antecedents of Knowledge Sharing with Peer Subsidiaries of Other Countries: A Perspective from Subsidiary Managers in a Foreign Emerging Market. In: Management International Review, Vol. 45, No. 1, 2005, pp. 71–97.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Stefan Schmid

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Gabler Verlag | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schmid, S., Maurer, J. (2011). Relationships Between MNC Subsidiaries – Opening a Black Box in the International Business Field. In: Schmid, S. (eds) Internationale Unternehmungen und das Management ausländischer Tochtergesellschaften. Gabler. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6104-4_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics