Summary
Vascular endothelium is now recognized as a very active cell layer that plays an important role in maintaining the vessel wall functions. The endothelial cells (ECs) have a variety of proliferative, synthetic, secretory, and self-adaptive capabilities that regulate vascular tonus, morphology, or adhesiveness by interacting with other cells such as vascular smooth muscle cells, platelets and white cells. Recent evidence suggests that these functions are all affected by fluid shear stress on the endothelial wall, which is a rhcological force shearing the luminal surface of the blood vessel when blood flows over it. Wall shear stress is a regulating factor of adaptive vessel growth and angiogenesis, and might be a local risk factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Shear stress also modulates the production of vasoactive substances such as endothelium-derived relaxing factor, prostacyclin, histamine, and endothelin, and regulates macromolecule permeability and endocytosis. More recent studies have shown that shear stress exerts an influence on the expression of mRNA of various EC-producing substances such as tissue plasminogen activator mRNA. These facts suggest that ECs have mechanoreceptors to detect changes in shear stress, the signal of which is transmitted to intracellular organelles. It is established that the intracellular Ca2+ response is involved in this shear-sensing mechanism of EC as the second messenger of the internal signaling system.
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© 1994 Springer-Verlag Tokyo
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Kamiya, A., Ando, J. (1994). Fluid Shear Stress and Vascular Endothelial Cell Biomechanics. In: Hirasawa, Y., Sledge, C.B., Woo, S.LY. (eds) Clinical Biomechanics and Related Research. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66859-6_23
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66859-6_23
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