Abstract
In February 2007, the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) observed that the average global temperature had climbed 0.74°C in 10 years from 1996 to 2005; they basically concluded that global warming is escalating owing to various human activities. If countermeasures were not taken, the panel warned that the temperature could climb a maximum of 6.4°C by the end of this century compared to the end of the twentieth century. With this in mind, the discussion regarding the post-Kyoto Protocol, an international framework concerning the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHGs) after 2013, has become animated. In January 2007, the European Union (EU) independently declared that it would reduce GHGs by at least 20% by 2020 (compared to the 1990 level). In May 2007, looking ahead to the June G8 summit in Germany, Prime Minister Abe and the Japanese government proposed the “Cool Earth 50” strategy.1 Regarding the post-Kyoto framework, Prime Minister Abe proposed that all of the major emitting countries including the United States, China, and India aim to create a framework that will accomplish a 50% global reduction by 2050. The specifics of this plan, however, have not been realized, and what comes after the promised term of the Kyoto Protocol remains unclear.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The entire speech can be found at: http://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/abespeech/2007/05/24speech.html
- 2.
Carbon leakage refers to, under the Kyoto Protocol, an increase in GHG emission from countries without reduction goals as a result of countries with reduction goals engaging in reduction activities. Carbon leakage occurs because of the following two reasons. (1) In countries with reduction goals, companies bear added expenses from energy reduction measures, etc. As a result, the production of energy intensive industries is shifted to countries where there are no reduction goals. (2) GHG reduction in countries with reduction goals leads to a decrease in the global demand for energy and a subsequent drop in the price of fossil fuels. This leads to stagnation of energy reduction measures in countries with no reduction goals, and a shift to a high energy consuming economic structure.
- 3.
Here we place the UN in charge of the credit sales as an example. However, it does not necessarily have to be the UN as long as it is an appropriate third-party organization.
- 4.
For more information on GTAP, refer to Hertel (1997).
- 5.
For more detailed information on GTAP-E model, refer to Burniaux and Truong (2002).
- 6.
Databases using 1997 as a basis.
References
Burniaux JM, Truong PT (2002) GTAP-E: an energy-environmental version of the GTAP model. GTAP Technical Paper 16
Hamasaki H (2007) Carbon leakage and a post-Kyoto framework. Fujitsu Research Institute (FRI) Research Paper No. 287
Hertel T (1997) Global trade analysis: modelling and applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 The Author(s)
About this paper
Cite this paper
Saijo, T., Hamasaki, H. (2010). Designing Post-Kyoto Institutions: From the Reduction Rate to the Emissions Amount. In: Sumi, A., Fukushi, K., Hiramatsu, A. (eds) Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies for Climate Change. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-99798-6_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-99798-6_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-99797-9
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-99798-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)