Abstract
The paper discusses the effects of the reform on the Italian labour market and its relationship with the general education system. As Italian regions play a major role in VET, the effect of the reform at the regional level is also discussed. To illustrate this, exemplary cases covering the implementation of a more regulated apprenticeship model in the region of Marche are described. Overall, the impact of the reform in improving the quality of training and introducing new training processes in companies is discussed. Finally, the issue of the coherence of Italian developments with European policies and practices is outlined.
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Notes
- 1.
In the old system there was, for example, little support for training companies. In passing, it is noted that while Italy is one of the pioneers in guaranteeing workers the right to continuing education (the ‘150 hours’ allowed to study any subject and historically used to certify or re-certify lowly qualified workers in the 1970s), at the same time it now has one of the lowest participation rates of adults in any form of structured learning, be it general or work-related learning (Dondi and Turrini, 2005). This shows the extent of the deeply rooted social and individual behaviours that need to be overcome.
- 2.
On top of this weakness, the duration of apprenticeships was far too long: e.g. 5 years of training for electronic company apprentices and 6 years for heating ventilation and air conditioning apprentices.
- 3.
While the Apprenticeship pathway has some links with the educational system it cannot be considered – up to now, at least – as an integral part of the Italian education system.
- 4.
Formerly the age was 15.
- 5.
So far, an Italian National Qualification Framework does not exist, it is under construction in accordance with the European Qualification Framework principles.
- 6.
The SMEs covered sectors such as textiles, plumbing and related building works and high tech and electronic devices.
- 7.
Language training is regarded as an important additional element in the external course programme.
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D’Agostino, S., De Angelis, E., Deitmer, L. (2010). Italian Apprenticeship Reform: Impact from National and Regional Perspectives. In: Smith, E., Rauner, F. (eds) Rediscovering Apprenticeship. Technical and Vocational Education and Training: Issues, Concerns and Prospects, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3116-7_6
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