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Regenerative Medicine in the Central Nervous System: Stem Cell-Based Gene-Therapy

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Regenerative Medicine

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Abstract

Human neurological diseases such as Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer disease, multiple ­sclerosis (MS), stroke and spinal cord injury are caused by a loss of neurons and glial cells in the brain or spinal cord. Cell replacement therapy and gene transfer to the diseased or injured brain have provided the basis for the development of potentially powerful new therapeutic strategies for a broad spectrum of human neurological diseases. However, the paucity of suitable cell types for cell replacement therapy in patients suffering from neurological disorders has hampered the development of this promising therapeutic approach. In recent years, neurons and glial cells have successfully been generated from stem cells such as embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells, and extensive efforts by investigators to develop stem cell-based brain transplantation therapies have been carried out. I review here notable experimental and pre-clinical studies previously published involving stem cell-based cell- and gene-therapies for Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, ALS, Alzheimer disease, MS, stroke, spinal cord injury, brain tumor and lysosomal storage diseases, and discuss for future prospect for the stem cell therapy of neurological disorders in clinical ­setting. There are still many obstacles to be overcome before clinical application of cell therapy in neurological disease patients is adopted: (1) it is still uncertain what kind of stem cells would be an ideal source for cellular grafts, and (2) it needs to be better understood by what mechanism transplantation of stem cells leads to an enhanced functional recovery and structural reorganization. Steady and solid progress in stem cell research in both basic and pre-clinical settings should support the hope for development of stem cell-based cell therapies for neurological diseases.

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Acknowledgements

Supported by grants from KOSEF and the Canadian Myelin Research Initiative.

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  1. Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada

    Seung U. Kim

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    Gustav Steinhoff

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Kim, S.U. (2011). Regenerative Medicine in the Central Nervous System: Stem Cell-Based Gene-Therapy. In: Steinhoff, G. (eds) Regenerative Medicine. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9075-1_24

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