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Early Detection of Systems Response: Molecular and Functional Imaging of Angiogenesis

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From Molecular to Modular Tumor Therapy

Part of the book series: The Tumor Microenvironment ((TTME,volume 3))

Abstract

Non invasive imaging plays a crucial role in monitoring the efficacy of tumor therapy in the clinics. In addition, it has also been established in preclinical research and can favorably bridge from preclinical research to the clinics. However, up to now clinical imaging is mostly morphologic and does not meet the demands for innovative molecular and personalized therapy concepts. In order to become more disease and therapy specific, functional and molecular imaging strategies are of general interest. In this context, imaging of tumor angiogenesis as a general phenomenon of most tumors and as an important target for tumor therapy is an attractive approach.

This chapter reports on current strategies to assess functional parameters of vascularization (e.g. relative blood volume, perfusion, vessel permeability) as well as molecular vascular profiles by non invasive imaging. Hereby, CT, MRI, PET, optical imaging and ultrasound are covered. It is also reported how these tools can be used to assess tumor response to therapy and which role they may play in preclinical research and clinical use.

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Abbreviations

A:

Amplitude

BOLD:

Blood oxygenation level dependent

CT:

Computed tomography

CLIO:

Cross linked iron oxide particle

[64]Cu-ATMS:

[64]Cu-allyltrimethylsilane

DCE CT:

Dynamic contrast enhanced computed tomography

DCE MRI:

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

DOTA:

1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid

[18F]FAZA:

[18F]-fluoroazomycin arabinoside

[18F]FDG:

[18F]fluoro-desoxy-glucose

FGF-2:

Fibroblast growth factor-2

[18F]FLT:

3′Deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine

[18]F-MISO:

[18F]-Fluoromisonidazole

Gd-DTPA:

Gadolinium-Diethylenetriaminepentaacetate

ICAM-1:

Inter-cellular adhesion molecule 1

kep :

Uptake rate constant (extravascular space per unit volume)

Ktrans :

Volume transfer constant

MION:

Monocristalline iron oxide nanoparticle

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MT1-MMP:

Membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase

NIRF:

Near-infrared fluorescence

OI:

Optical imaging

PFC:

Perfluorocarbon emulsion

PET:

Positron emission tomography

QD:

Quantum dot

SCC:

Squamous cell carcinoma

SPECT:

Single photon emission computed tomography

SPIO:

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle

SU11248:

Sunitinib malate

TGF-ß:

Transforming growth factor beta

T1w:

T1 weighted

USPIO:

Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle

US:

Ultrasound

VCAM-1:

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VEGFR-2:

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

vep :

Extracellular volume fraction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz-Institute, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

    Fabian Kiessling & Wiltrud Lederle

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  1. Fabian Kiessling
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  2. Wiltrud Lederle
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Correspondence to Fabian Kiessling .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg, 93042, Germany

    Albrecht Reichle

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Kiessling, F., Lederle, W. (2010). Early Detection of Systems Response: Molecular and Functional Imaging of Angiogenesis. In: Reichle, A. (eds) From Molecular to Modular Tumor Therapy. The Tumor Microenvironment, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9531-2_20

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