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Chlamydial Disease: A Crossroad Between Chronic Infection and Development of Cancer

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Bacteria and Cancer

Abstract

Chlamydia is an intracellular bacterium implicated as potentially oncogenic for its tendency to cause chronic and persistent infections. These organisms have been frequently associated with several types of cancer including cervical dysplasia and cancer by C. trachomatis, lung cancer and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by C. pneumoniae and a number of non-gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas such as ocular adnexal lymphoma by C. psittaci, suggesting a potential role. C. trachomatis, which causes ocular-genital infections in humans, was recently demonstrated at molecular and cultural level in patients with ocular cancer, thus implying also for this bacterium a role in the pathogenesis of the above malignancy. The pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms that lead to the development of chronic inflammatory disease, persistence, and ultimately cancer, still need to be clarified. This chapter describes the pathogenetic aspects of Chlamydial infections favouring the onset of chronic diseases and cancers as well as the diagnostic and clinical features in relation to Chlamydia species involved. The potential application of bacteria-eradicating therapy would certainly represent an exciting challenge for the next few years.

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Abbreviations

AM:

Alveolar macrophages

EB:

Elementary bodies

EBV:

Epstein-Barr virus

HBV:

Hepatitis B virus

HPV:

Human papilloma virus

Hsp:

Heat Shock Proteins

LGV:

Lymphogranuloma venereum

MIP:

Macrophage Infectivity potentiator lipoprotein

MOMP:

Major outer membrane protein

MS:

Multiple Sclerosis

MZL:

Marginal zone B-cell lymphomas

NHL:

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas

OAL:

Ocular adnexal lymphoma

PAMP:

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns

PBMC:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells

PCNSL:

Primary central nervous system marginal zone B cell lymphoma

PID:

Pelvic inflammatory disease

PRR:

Pattern recognition receptors

RB:

Reticulate bodies

STD:

Sexually transmitted disease

T3S:

Type III secretion

TETR-PCR:

Time-release polymerase chain reaction

TLR:

Toll-like receptors

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  1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, via F. di Mortara, 23, Ferrara, I-44100, Italy

    Carlo Contini & Silva Seraceni

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  1. Carlo Contini
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  2. Silva Seraceni
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Correspondence to Carlo Contini .

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  1. Vinay Nagar 2C, Gwalior, 474012, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Abdul Arif Khan

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Contini, C., Seraceni, S. (2012). Chlamydial Disease: A Crossroad Between Chronic Infection and Development of Cancer. In: Khan, A. (eds) Bacteria and Cancer. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2585-0_4

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