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Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma of MALT-Type and Its Association with Chlamydophila psittaci Infection

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Abstract

Ocular adnexal marginal zone lymphoma (OAMZL) presents as an indolent and generally limited-stage disease that involves conjunctiva, eyelid, lachrymal gland and sac, or orbit soft tissue; standard treatments are not well defined, and include “wait and watch” policy, radiotherapy or other topic approach, and also chemotherapy. The development of OAMZL has been linked to Chlamydophila psittaci (Cp) infection. Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that grow in eukaryotic cells and cause a wide spectrum of diseases. They can establish persistent infections, are mitogenic in vitro, promote cell proliferation in vivo and induce resistance to apoptosis in infected cells. Cp determines both local and systemic infections in these patients, and bacterial eradication with antibiotic therapy is often followed by lymphoma regression. Despite the recent advances in the understanding of this bacterium–lymphoma association, several questions remain unanswered. Variations among different geographic areas and related diagnostic and therapeutic implications remain a major investigational issue. We focus on clinical features of OAMZL, standard treatments, Cp-infection and its therapeutic implications in lymphomas.

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Abbreviations

Cp :

Chlamydophila psittaci

HCDR :

Heavy chain complementarity-determining region

Hp :

Helicobacter pylori

IGHV-DJ :

Immunoglobulin heavy chain variable-diversity-joining regions

MALT:

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

OAMZL :

Ocular adnexal marginal zone lymphoma

TETR-PCR:

Touchdown enzyme time release polymerase chain reaction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, Department of Onco-Hematology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy

    Andrés J. M. Ferreri, Silvia Govi & Maurilio Ponzoni

  2. Department of Oncology, Cancer Bioimmunotherapy Unit, National Cancer Institute CRO, Aviano, Italy

    Riccardo Dolcetti

  3. Pathology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Maurilio Ponzoni

Authors
  1. Andrés J. M. Ferreri
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  2. Riccardo Dolcetti
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  3. Silvia Govi
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  4. Maurilio Ponzoni
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Correspondence to Andrés J. M. Ferreri .

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  1. Vinay Nagar 2C, Gwalior, 474012, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Abdul Arif Khan

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Ferreri, A.J.M., Dolcetti, R., Govi, S., Ponzoni, M. (2012). Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma of MALT-Type and Its Association with Chlamydophila psittaci Infection. In: Khan, A. (eds) Bacteria and Cancer. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2585-0_6

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