Abstract
World Jewish population is estimated at about 13.7 million at the beginning of 2012. Any increase over the preceding year was due to natural increase in Israel. The aggregate of other countries worldwide lost Jewish population due to a negative balance of Jewish births and deaths, and to net migration transfers to Israel. Israel and the United States account together for more than 80% of the total. Over 50% of the Jews worldwide are concentrated in five large metropolitan areas: Tel Aviv, New York, Jerusalem, Haifa and Los Angeles.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Acknowledgments
The author gratefully acknowledges the collaboration of many institutions and persons in various countries who supplied information or otherwise helped in the preparation of this chapter. Special thanks are due to my colleagues at The Avraham Harman Institute of Contemporary Jewry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem: Uzi Rebhun, Mark Tolts, Shlomit Levy, Dalia Sagi, and Judith Even. I am also indebted to (alphabetically by the respective cities): Chris Kooyman (Amsterdam), the late Ralph Weill (Basel), Jim Schwartz (Bergen County, NJ), Simon Cohn and Claude Kandiyoti (Brussels), András Kovács (Budapest), Ezequiel Erdei and Yaacov Rubel (Buenos Aires), Tally Frankental (Cape Town), Salomon Benzaquen and Tony Beker de Weinraub (Caracas), Frank Mott (Columbus, OH), Heike von Bassewitz and Ellen Rubinstein (Frankfurt a. M.), Frans van Poppel (The Hague), Barry Kosmin and Ariela Keysar (Hartford, CT), Lina Filiba (Istanbul), Steven Adler, Benjamin Anderman, Oren Cytto, Norma Gurovich, Israel Pupko, Liat Rehavi, Marina Sheps, and Emma Trahtenberg (Jerusalem), David Saks (Johannesburg), David Graham and Marlena Schmool (London), Bruce Phillips (Los Angeles), Judit Bokser Liwerant, Susana Lerner, and Mauricio Lulka (Mexico City), Sarah Markowitz and Ira M. Sheskin (Miami), Rafael Porzecanski (Montevideo), Evgueni Andreev and Eugeni Soroko (Moscow), David Bass (Neveh Daniel), the late Vivian Z. Klaff (Newark, DE), Alberto Senderey, and the late Doris Bensimon-Donat (Paris), Allen Glicksman (Philadelphia), Sidney Goldstein and Alice Goldstein (Providence, RI), Laurence Kotler-Berkowitz (Providence, RI), Erik H. Cohen (Ramat Gan), Gloria Arbib and Alberto Levy (Rome), René Decol and Alberto Milkewitz (São Paulo), Arnold Dashefsky (Storrs, CT), Gary Eckstein (Sydney), Gustave Goldman (Toronto), Jeffrey Scheckner (Union, NJ), Thomas Buettner and Hania Zlotnik (United Nations, NY), Sylvia Barack Fishman, Leonard Saxe, Charles Kadushin, and Benjamin Phillips (Waltham, MA), and Barry R. Chiswick and Carmel U. Chiswick (Washington, DC).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Additional information
Notes
1. Previous estimates, as of January 1, 2010, were published by this author in World Jewish Population, 2010, Current Jewish Population Reports, Report 2010-2 (Storrs, CT, The North American Jewish Data Bank, the Association for the Social Scientific Study of Jewry, and The Jewish Federations of North America, 2010). Previously, such estimates were published annually in the American Jewish Year Book, whose last volume (Vol. 108) in the series issued by the American Jewish Committee appeared in 2008. World Jewish population estimates as of January 1, 2009 as well as of January 1, 2011 were prepared for publication but not issued. The AJYB documented the Jewish world and gave significant attention to Jewish population issues. Since 1981, responsibility for the preparation of annual population estimates for world Jewry was the responsibility of the Division of Jewish Demography and Statistics of the Institute of Contemporary Jewry at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The Division was founded by Roberto Bachi in 1959, headed by Uziel O. Schmelz until 1986, and by the present author until 2010. Prof. Uzi Rebhun became Division head in 2010. We express our appreciation to the editors of AJYB during the 30 years of a close collaboration: Morris Fine, Milton Himmelfarb, David Singer, Ruth Seldin, and Lawrence Grossman. The interested reader may consult AJYB volumes for further details on how the respective annual estimates were obtained. See also Sergio DellaPergola, Uzi Rebhun, and Mark Tolts, “Prospecting the Jewish Future: Population Projections 2000–2080,” American Jewish Year Book, 100 (New York, American Jewish Committee, 2000), 103–146.
2. Population Reference Bureau, 2010 World Population Data Sheet (Washington, DC, 2010).
3. Jewish population estimates in the US have been the subject of a lively debate. This author’s findings are further elaborated later in this report. For a different approach, and higher Jewish population estimates, see: Ira M. Sheskin and Arnold Dashefsky, Jewish Population in the United States, 2012, in Chap. 5 of this volume.
4. See below the discussion on intermarriage and conversion.
5. See Sergio DellaPergola, Uzi Rebhun, and Mark Tolts, “Contemporary Jewish Diaspora in Global Context: Human Development Correlates of Population Trends” Israel Studies, 11, 1, 2005, 61–95.
6. For historical background, see Roberto Bachi, Population Trends of World Jewry (Jerusalem, 1976); U.O. Schmelz, “Jewish Survival: The Demographic Factors,” American Jewish Year Book, 81 (New York, American Jewish Committee,1981), 61–117; U.O. Schmelz, Aging of World Jewry (Jerusalem, 1984); Sergio DellaPergola, “Some Fundamentals of Jewish Demographic History,” in Sergio DellaPergola and Judith Even (eds.), Papers in Jewish Demography 1997 (Jerusalem, The Hebrew University, 2001), 11–33; Sergio DellaPergola, “Changing Cores and Peripheries: Fifty Years in Socio-demographic Perspective,” in Robert S. Wistrich (ed.) Terms of Survival: The Jewish World since 1945 (London, 1995), 13–43; Sergio DellaPergola, World Jewry beyond 2000: Demographic Prospects (Oxford, 1999).
7. The term core Jewish population was initially suggested in Barry A. Kosmin, Sidney Goldstein, Joseph Waksberg, Nava Lerer, Ariela Keysar, and Jeffrey Scheckner, Highlights of the CJF 1990 National Jewish Population Survey (New York, 1991).
8. Michael Corinaldi, The Enigma of Jewish Identity: The Law of Return, Theory and Practice (Srigim-Lion, 2001, in Hebrew).
9. In the NJPS 2000–2001 version initially processed and circulated by UJC, a Jew is defined as a person whose religion is Judaism, OR whose religion is Jewish and something else, OR who has no religion and has at least one Jewish parent or a Jewish upbringing, OR who has a non-monotheistic religion and has at least one Jewish parent or a Jewish upbringing. See Laurence Kotler-Berkowitz, Steven M. Cohen, Jonathon Ament, Vivian Klaff, Frank Mott, and Danyelle Peckerman-Neuman, with Lorraine Blass, Debbie Bursztyn, and David Marker, The National Jewish Population Survey 2000–01: Strength, Challenge, and Diversity in the American Jewish Population (New York, 2003). The issue of Contemporary Jewry (the scholarly journal of the Association for the Scientific Study of Jewry, edited by Samuel Heilman), 25, 2005, is devoted to critical essays and analyses of NJPS 2000–2001 methods and findings.
10. The term enlarged Jewish population was initially suggested by Sergio DellaPergola, “The Italian Jewish Population Study: Demographic Characteristics and Trends,” in U.O. Schmelz, P. Glikson, and S.J. Gould, (eds.) Studies in Jewish Demography: Survey for 1969–1971 (Jerusalem-London, 1975), 60–97.
11. Kotler-Berkowitz et al., National Jewish Population Survey 2000–01, cit.
12. Ruth Gavison, 60 Years to the Law of Return: History, Ideology, Justification (Jerusalem, Metzilah Center for Zionist, Jewish, Liberal and Humanistic Thought, 2009).
13. For a concise review of the rules of attribution of Jewish personal status in rabbinic and Israeli law, including reference to Jewish sects, isolated communities, and apostates, see Michael Corinaldi, “Jewish Identity,” Chapter 2 in his Jewish Identity: The Case of Ethiopian Jewry (Jerusalem, 1998).
14. Michael Hammer et al., “Jewish and Middle Eastern non-Jewish populations share a common pool of Y-chromosome biallelic haplotypes,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, June 6, 2000, 97, 12, 6769–6774; Doron M. Behar et al., “MtDNA evidence for a genetic bottleneck in the early history of the Ashkenazi Jewish population,” European Journal of Human Genetics, 2004, 1–10; Doron M. Behar et al., “The genome-wide structure of the Jewish people,” Nature, http://www.nature.com/dofinder/10.1038/nature09103, 1–6.
15. Many of these global activities are executed by, or in coordination with, the Division of Jewish Demography and Statistics at The A. Harman Institute of Contemporary Jewry (ICJ), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
16. For overviews of subject matter and technical issues see Paul Ritterband, Barry A. Kosmin, and Jeffrey Scheckner, “Counting Jewish Populations: Methods and Problems,” American Jewish Year Book, 88 (New York, American Jewish Committee, 1988), 204–21; Sergio DellaPergola, “Demography,” in Martin Goodman (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Jewish Studies (Oxford, 2002), 797–823.
17. Among initiatives aimed at strengthening Jewish population research, initiated by the late Roberto Bachi of The Hebrew University and sponsored by major Jewish organizations worldwide, an International Scientific Advisory Committee (ISAC) was established under the chairmanship of Sidney Goldstein. See Sergio DellaPergola and Leah Cohen (eds.), World Jewish Population: Trends and Policies (Jerusalem, 1992). An Initiative on Jewish Demography, sponsored by the Jewish Agency, facilitated data collection and analysis from 2003–2005. Between 2003 and 2009, the Jewish People Policy Planning Institute (JPPPI) provided a framework for Jewish population policy analysis and suggestions. See Sergio DellaPergola, Jewish Demography: Facts, Outlook, Challenges, JPPPI Alert Paper 2 (Jerusalem, 2003); The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute Annual Assessment 2004–2005, Between Thriving and Decline (Jerusalem, 2005); The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute, The Conference on the Future of the Jewish People 2007, Background Policy Documents (Jerusalem, 2007); The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute, Tomorrow (Jerusalem, 2008); Sergio DellaPergola, Jewish Population Policies: Demographic Trends and Options in Israel and in the Diaspora (Jerusalem, forthcoming).
18. See a synopsis of the main findings in Ira M. Sheskin, How Jewish Communities Differ: Variations in the Findings of Local Jewish Demographic Studies (New York, City University of New York, North American Jewish Data Bank, 2001) and Ira M. Sheskin Comparisons of Jewish Communities: A Compendium of Tables and Bar Charts (Storrs, CT: Mandell Berman Institute, North American Jewish Data Bank and The Jewish Federations of North America, 2012) at www.jewishdatabank.org
19. Country data and estimates derived from United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. Volume I: Comprehensive Tables (New York, 2009).
20. See DellaPergola et al., “Prospecting the Jewish Future,” cit., and unpublished tabulations. A new round of population projections undertaken in the light of the latest data helped in the current assessment.
21. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, 61 (Jerusalem, 2010).
22. As noted, the Law of Return applies to Jews and their extended families. The Law of Entrance and Law of Citizenship apply to all other foreign arrivals, some of whom ask for Israeli citizenship.
23. For definitions of Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in the US see: United States, Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, OMB Bulletin No. 09-91, Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses (Washington, DC, 2008).
24. For Israel estimates, see Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, cit., table 2–16. For US estimates, see Ira M. Sheskin and Arnold Dashefsky, Jewish Population in the United States, 2012, cit. in Chap. 5 of this volume. Some of the latter figures refer to different years and roughly compare with each other regarding definitions and methods.
25. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, cit.; HIAS, Annual Report (New York, annual); Zentralwolfahrtsstelle der Juden in Deutschland (ZWJD), Mitgliederstatistik; Der Einzelnen Jüdischen Gemeinden und Landesverbände in Deutschland (Frankfurt a. M., annual).
26. Sergio DellaPergola, “International Migration of Jews,” in Eliezer Ben-Rafael and Yitzhak Sternberg (eds.), Transnationalism: Diasporas and the advent of a new (dis)order (Leiden/Boston, Brill, 2009), 213–236.
27. See Uzi Rebhun and Lilach Lev Ari, American Israelis: Migration, Transnationalism, and Diasporic Identity (Leiden/Boston, Brill, 2010).
28. Yinon Cohen, “Migration to and from Israel,” Contemporary Jewry, 29, 2, 2009, 115–125; Mark Tolts, Some Demographic and Socio-Economic Trends of the Jews in Russia and the FSU (Jerusalem, The Hebrew University, The A. Harman Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Division of Jewish Demography and Statistics, 2009).
29. Shulamit Reinharz and Sergio DellaPergola, Jewish Intermarriage around the World (New Brunswick-London, Transaction, 2009).
30. Mark Tolts, “The Post-Soviet Jewish Population in Russia and the World,” Jews in Russia and Eastern Europe, 1 (52), 2004, 37–63.
31. David Graham and Daniel Vulkan, Britain’s Jewish Community Statistics (London, Board of Deputies of British Jews, 2008).
32. Zentralwolfahrtsstelle der Juden in Deutschland (ZWJD), Mitgliederstatistik; Der Einzelnen Jüdischen Gemeinden und Landesverbände in Deutschland (Frankfurt a. M., annual).
33. Sergio DellaPergola, “Actual, Intended, and Appropriate Family Size among Jews in Israel,” Contemporary Jewry, 29, 2, 2009, 127–152.
34. Sergio DellaPergola, “Jewish Out-Marriage: A Global Perspective,” in Shulamit Reinharz and Sergio DellaPergola (eds.), Jewish Intermarriage around the World, cit., 13–39.
35. Nurit Dvorin, “Marriages of Israelis Abroad and the Role of Former Soviet Union Immigrants,” Megamot, 44, 3, 2006, 477–506.
36. Bruce A. Phillips, Re-examining Intermarriage: Trends, Textures, Strategies. (New York, The Susan and David Wilstein Institute of Jewish Policy Studies, and the American Jewish Committee, The William Petschek National Family Center, 1997).
37. Goskomstat (1994) Mikroperepisis’ naselenii Rossiiskoi Federatsii 1994. (Moscow, 1995, author’s own processing).
38. Kotler-Berkowitz et al., The National Jewish Population Survey 2000–01, cit.
39. Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, US Religious Landscape Survey: Religious Affiliation: Diverse and Dynamic, February 2008 (Washington, D.C., Pew Research Center, 2008).
40. David J. Graham, The socio-spatial boundaries of an ‘invisible’ minority: a quantitative (re)appraisal of Britain’s Jewish population. Thesis submitted for the degree of D.Phil. in Geography, St Catherine’s College, University of Oxford, Michaelmas Term, 2008.
41. Steven M. Cohen, Jacob B. Ukeles, and Ron Miller Jewish Community Study of New York: 2011 Comprehensive Report (New York, UJA-Federation of New York, 2012).
42. Estimated because of the lack of a fully detailed age distribution. See Erik H. Cohen with Maurice Ifergan, Les Juifs de France: Valeurs et identité (Paris, Fonds Social Juif Unifié, 2002).
43. Sergio DellaPergola, “How Many Jews in the US? The Demographic Perspective”, paper presented at International Conference on Jewish Demography, Waltham, Mass., Brandeis University, 2011.
44. Population Reference Bureau, 2010 World Population Data Sheet (Washington, DC, 2010).
45. Sources and findings are reviewed in Sergio DellaPergola, “Was It the Demography? A Reassessment of U.S. Jewish Population Estimates, 1945–2001,” Contemporary Jewry, 25, 2005, 85–131.
46. See Ira Rosenwaike, “A Synthetic Estimate of American Jewish Population Movement over the Last Three Decades,” in U.O. Schmelz and Sergio DellaPergola (eds.), Papers in Jewish Demography 1977. (Jerusalem, The Hebrew University, 1980), 83–102.
47. U.O. Schmelz and Sergio DellaPergola, “The Demographic Consequences of U.S. Jewish Population Trends,” American Jewish Year Book, 83 (New York, American Jewish Committee, 1983), 141–87; U.O. Schmelz and Sergio DellaPergola, Basic Trends in American Jewish Demography (New York, American Jewish Committee, 1988).
48. Sources and findings are reviewed in Sergio DellaPergola, “Was It the Demography?”, cit.
49. US Census Bureau, “Religion Reported by the Civilian Population in the United States, March 1957,” Current Population Reports, Population Characteristics, Series P-20, No. 79 (Washington, DC, 1958); US Census Bureau, “Tabulations of Data on the Social and Economic Characteristics of Major Religious Groups, March 1957” (Washington, DC, 1968); Paul C. Glick, “Intermarriage and Fertility Patterns among Persons in Major Religious Groups,” Eugenics Quarterly, 7, 1960.
50. Fred Massarik, “National Jewish Population Study: A New United States Estimate,” American Jewish Year Book, 75 (New York and Philadelphia, Jewish Publication Society and American Jewish Committee, 1974), 296–304.
51. Kosmin et al., Highlights of the CJF 1990 National Jewish Population Survey, cit.
52. U.O. Schmelz and Sergio DellaPergola, “The Demographic Consequences of U.S. Jewish Population Trends,” American Jewish Year Book, 83 (New York, American Jewish Committee, 1983), 141–87; U.O. Schmelz and Sergio DellaPergola, Basic Trends in American Jewish Demography (New York, American Jewish Committee, 1988).
53. Kotler-Berkowitz et al., The National Jewish Population Survey 2000–01, cit.
54. Mayer et al., American Jewish Identity Survey 2001, cit. For a comparison of the two studies see Joel Perlmann, Two National Surveys of American Jews, 2000–01: A Comparison of the NJPS and AJIS, Working Paper No. 501 (Annandale-on-Hudson, The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, 2007).
55. Mark Schulman, “National Jewish Population Survey 2000–01: Study Review Memo,” prepared for United Jewish Communities (New York, 2003).
56. Gary Tobin and Sid Groeneman, Surveying the Jewish Population in the United States. Part 1: Population Estimate. Part 2: Methodological Issues and Challenges. (San Francisco, Institute for Jewish & Community Research, 2003).
57. Barry A. Kosmin, Egon Mayer, and Ariela Keysar, American Religious Identification Survey 2001 (New York, 2001); Barry A. Kosmin, and Ariela Keysar, American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS 2008) Summary Report (Hartford, CT, Trinity College, 2009).
58. Tom W. Smith, Religious Switching Among American Jews (New York, The American Jewish Committee, 2009).
59. Forum on Religion & Public Life, U.S. Religious Landscape Survey: Religious Affiliation, cit.
60. Elizabeth Tighe, David Livert, Melissa Barnett, and Leonard Saxe, “Cross-Survey Analysis to Estimate Low Incidence Religious Groups” (Waltham, MA, Brandeis University, Steinhardt Social Research Institute, 2009). The project was directed by Leonard Saxe.
61. Elizabeth Tighe, Leonard Saxe, and Charles Kadushin, with Raquel Magidin De Kramer, Begli Nurshadenov, Janet Aronson, and Lynn Cherny, Estimating the Jewish Population of the United States: 2000–2010 (Waltham, Brandeis University, Steinhardt Social Research Institute, 2011).
62. Our processing of the original data reported in Elizabeth Tighe, Leonard Saxe, Darren Brown, Jennifer Dillinger, Aron Klein, and Ashley Hill, Research Synthesis of National Survey Estimates of the U.S. Jewish Population; Project Summary, Method and Analysis Plan (Waltham, Brandeis University, Steinhardt Social Research Institute, 2005).
63. Leonard Saxe, Elizabeth Tighe, and Benjamin Phillips with Ariel Libhaber, Daniel Parmer, Jessica Simon, and Graham Wright, Understanding Contemporary American Jewry (Waltham, MA, Brandeis University, Steinhardt Social Research Institute, 2006).
64. Forum on Religion & Public Life, U.S. Religious Landscape Survey: Religious Affiliation, cit.
65. Marvin Schick, A Census of Jewish Day Schools in the United States 2003–2004 (Jerusalem, Avi Chai, 2005). For systematic international comparisons at an earlier point in time see Sergio DellaPergola and Uziel O. Schmelz, “Demography and Jewish Education in the Diaspora: Trends in Jewish School-Age Population and School Enrollment,” in Harold S. Himmelfarb and Sergio DellaPergola, Jewish Education Worldwide: Cross-Cultural Perspectives (Lanham, MD, University Press of America, 1989), 43–68.
66. HIAS, Statistical Report (New York, The Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, annual).
67. Elizabeth Tighe, Charles Kadushin, Leonard Saxe, Jewish Population in the US: 1990 vs. 2000, cit.
68. Ira M. Sheskin and Arnold, Dashefsky, Jewish Population in the United States, 2010, Current Jewish Population Reports, Report 2010-1 (Storrs, CT, The North American Jewish Data Bank, the Association for the Social Scientific Study of Jewry, and The Jewish Federations of North America).
69. Uzi Rebhun and Sidney Goldstein, “Changes in the Geographical Dispersion and Mobility of American Jews, 1990–2001,” The Jewish Journal of Sociology, 48, 1, 5–33, 2006; Sid Groeneman and Tom W. Smith, Moving: The Impact of Geographical Mobility on the Jewish Community (New York, The Jewish Federations of North America, 2009).
70. Ira M. Sheskin and Arnold Dashefsky, “Jewish Population of the United States, 2007,” American Jewish Year Book, 107 (New York, The American Jewish Committee, 2007) 136–138 and 198–199.
71. Ira M. Sheskin, “Four Questions about American Jewish Demography,” Jewish Political Studies Review, 20, 1–2, 2008, 23–42.
72. Leonard Saxe, Elizabeth Tighe, and Benjamin Phillips, with Ariel Libhaber, Daniel Parmer, Jessica Simon, and Graham Wright, Understanding Contemporary American Jewry (Waltham, Brandeis University, Steinhardt Social Research Institute, 2006); Leonard Saxe, Elizabeth Tighe, Benjamin Phillips, Charles Kadushin, with Melissa Barnett, Deborah Grant, David Livert, Ariel Libhaber, Masha Sud Lokshin, Daniel Parmer, David Rindskopf, Jessica Simon, and Graham Wright, Reconsidering the Size and Characteristics of the American Jewish Population: New Estimates of a Larger and More Diverse Community (Waltham, Brandeis University, Steinhardt Social Research Institute, 2007); Tighe, Elizabeth, Kadushin, Charles, and Saxe, Leonard, Jewish Population in the US: 1990 vs. 2000, cit., 2009; Elizabeth Tighe, Leonard Saxe, Charles Kadushin et al., Estimating the Jewish Population of the United States: 2000–2010, cit, 2011.
73. DellaPergola, “Was it the Demography?,” cit.
74. DellaPergola, World Jewish Population, 2010, World Jewish Population, 2010, cit.
75. See Kosmin et al., Highlights of the CJF 1990 National Jewish Population Survey, cit.
76. Sergio DellaPergola, “Was It the Demography?” cit.
77. DellaPergola, “How Many Jews in the U.S.?”, cit.
78. See the assessment based on both quantitative and qualitative data in Sylvia Barack Fishman, Double or Nothing? Jewish Families and Mixed Marriage (Hanover and London: Brandeis University Press, 2004). See also: Arnold Dashefsky in collaboration with Zachary I. Heller, Intermarriage and Jewish Journeys in the United States (Newton Centre, MA, The National Center for Jewish Policy Studies at Hebrew College, 2008).
79. See Leonard Saxe, Charles Kadushin, and Graham Wright, 2005 Boston Jewish Community Study (Waltham, MA, Brandeis University, Steinhardt Social Research Institute, 2006).
80. Ira M. Sheskin and Arnold Dashefsky, Jewish Population of the United States, 2010, cit.
81. Detailed information on Canadian Census returns is available from Statistics Canada. See http://www.statcan.ca. For the 2006 Census, see, among other links: http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E%26Geo=PR%26Code=01%26Data=Count%26Table=2%26StartRec=1%26Sort=3%26Display=All%26CSDFilter=5000 (Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data).
82. The growth of a new Canadian ethnic identity from the merger of pre-existing ethnicities is parallel to the development of a new American ethnic identity in the US, discussed by Stanley Lieberson and Mary C. Waters, From Many Strands: Ethnic and Racial Groups in Contemporary America, The Population of the United States in the 1980s, A Census Monograph Series (New York, Russell-Sage, 1988).
83. Apparent inconsistencies in the ratio between the number Jews by religion and by ethnicity depend on changes in classification definitions and modes of data processing at Statistics Canada.
84. Gustave Goldman, “Intermarriage among Jews in Canada: A Demographic Perspective,” in Shulamit Reinharz and Sergio DellaPergola, Jewish Intermarriage around the World, cit, 105–114.
85. Charles Shahar, The Jewish Community of Canada (Toronto, 2004).
86. For overviews of demographic patterns of Jews on the continent see: U.O. Schmelz and Sergio DellaPergola, “The Demography of Central and South American Jewry,” American Jewish Year Book, 85 (New York-Philadelphia, Jewish Publication Society and American Jewish Committee, 1985), 51–102; Sergio DellaPergola, “Demographic Trends of Latin American Jewry” in J. Laikin Elkin and G. W. Merkx (eds.), The Jewish Presence in Latin America (Boston: Allen and Unwin, 1987), 85–133. Sergio DellaPergola, “Autonomy and Dependency: Latin American Jewry in Global Perspective” in Judit Bokser Liwerant, Eliezer Ben-Rafael, Yosef Gorni, and Raanan Rein (eds.), Identities in an Era of Globalization and Multiculturalism: Latin America in the Jewish World (Leiden/Boston, Brill, 2008), 47–80.
87. See Israel Central Bureau of Statistics: http://www.cbs.gov.il
88. Shmuel Adler, Emigration among Immigrants from Argentina that Arrived During the Period 1.1.89-31.12.02 (Jerusalem, State of Israel Ministry of Immigrant Absorption, Division of Planning and Research, 2004).
89. Adrian Jmelnizky and Ezequiel Erdei, Estudio de Población Judía en Ciudad de Buenos Aires y Gran Buenos Aires (AMBA) (Buenos Aires, Media, Centro de Estudios para las Comunidades Judías de Latinoamérica, American Joint Distribution Committee, 2005).
90. Yaacov Rubel, La Población Judía de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Perfil Socio-Demográfico (Buenos Aires, Agencia Judía para Israel, Iniciativa de Demografía Judía, 2005).
91. See http://www.ibge.br; René D. Decol, “Brazilian Jews: a Demographic Profile,” unpublished paper delivered at the International Conference, Jewish Agency Initiative on Jewish Demography (Jerusalem, 2002).
92. Federação Israelita do Estado de São Paulo (FISESP), Recadastramento comunitário 2000–01 (São Paulo, 2002).
93. Instituto Brasilero de Geografia e Estatistica IBGE, Population Census (Rio de Janeiro, various years).
94. René Decol, Imigraçoes urbanas para o Brasil: o caso dos Judeus (Campinas, Universidade Estadual, 1999, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation).
95. René Daniel Decol, “A Demographic Profile of Brazilian Jewry,” Contemporary Jewry, 29, 2, 2009, 99–113.
96. See Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Geografia e Informatica, XII Censo General de Población y Vivienda 2000 (México City, 2002).
97. Comité Central Israelita de México, Estudio sobre tendencias de la educación judía en México. Censo socio-demográfico de la comunidad judía de México (México, 2000).
98. Sergio DellaPergola and Susana Lerner, La población judía de México: Perfil demográfico, social y cultural (México-Jerusalén, 1995). The project, conducted in cooperation among the Centro de Estudios Urbanos y de Desarrollo Urbano (CEDDU), El Colegio de Mexico, and the Division of Jewish Demography and Statistics of The A. Harman Institute of Contemporary Jewry, The Hebrew University, was sponsored by the Asociación Mexicana de Amigos de la Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalén.
99. Comité Central Israelita de México, Estudio poblacional de la comunidad judía de México (México, 2006).
100. Gabriel Berger et al., Estudio Socio-Demográfico de la Comunidad Judìa de Chile (Santiago-Buenos Aires, 1995).
101. Nicole Berenstein and Rafael Porzecanski, Perfil de los egresados de la Red Formal de Educación Judía Uruguaya (Montevideo, 2001).
102. Sergio DellaPergola, Salomon Benzaquen, and Tony Beker de Weinraub, Perfil sociodemográfico y cultural de la comunidad judía de Caracas (Caracas, 2000). The survey was sponsored by the Asociación Israelita de Venezuela, the Union Israelita de Caracas, and the Asociación de Amigos de la Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalén.
103. Sergio DellaPergola, “Jews in the European Community: Sociodemographic Trends and Challenges”. American Jewish Year Book, 93 (New York, American Jewish Committee, 1993), 25–82; David Graham, European Jewish Identity at the Dawn of the 21st Century: A Working Paper. A report for the American Joint Distribution Committee and Hanadiv Charitable Foundation (Budapest, JPR-Institute for Jewish Policy Research, 2004); Andras Kovacs and Ildiko Barna, Identity à la carte: Research on Jewish identities, participation and affiliation in five European countries. Analysis of survey data (Budapest, The American Joint Distribution Committee, 2010); Sergio DellaPergola, “Jews in Europe: Demographic Trends, Contexts, Outlooks,” in Julius Schoeps and Eliezer Ben-Rafael (eds.), European Jewry: A New Jewish Center in the Making? (Potsdam, Moses Mendelssohn Zentrum für europëisch-jüdische Studien, Boston/Leiden, Brill, 2010).
104. See Erik H. Cohen with Maurice Ifergan, Les Juifs de France: Valeurs et identité, cit.
105. Erik H. Cohen, Les touristes de France en Israël 2004 (Jerusalem, 2005).
106. Erik H. Cohen, Heureux comme Juifs en France? Étude sociologique (Jerusalem, Elkana et Akadem, 2007).
107. See Barry Kosmin and Stanley Waterman, Commentary on Census Religion Question (London, JPR-Institute for Jewish Policy Research, 2002). The Census is available at http://www.ons.uk
108. United Kingdom, Scotland, General Register Office (Edinburgh, 2002). Also see JPR/News, Spring 2003, 6.
109. David Graham, Marlena Schmool and Stanley Waterman, Jews in Britain: A Snapshot from the 2001 Census (London, 2007), JPR Report No. 1; David Graham and Stanley Waterman, “Underenumeration of the Jewish Population in the UK 2001 Census,” Population, Space and Place, 11, 2005, 89–102; David Voas, “Estimating the Jewish Undercount in the 2001 Census: a Comment on Graham and Waterman (2005),” Population, Space and Place, 13, 2007, 401–407; David J. Graham and Stanley Waterman, “Locating Jews by Ethnicity: A Reply to David Voas (2007),” Population, Space and Place, 13, 2007, 409–414.
110. The Board of Deputies of British Jews, Community Research Unit, Report on Community Vital Statistics 2004 (London, 2005). See also Stephen Miller, Marlena Schmool, and Antony Lerman, Social and Political Attitudes of British Jews: Some Key Findings of the JPR Survey (London, 1996).
111. David Graham and Daniel Vulkan, Britain’s Jewish Community Statistics (London, 2007).
112. Rona Hart and Edward Kafka, Trends in British Synagogue Membership, 1990–2005/6 (London, The Board of Deputies of British Jews, 2006).
113. David Graham and Daniel Vulkan, Synagogue Membership in the United Kingdom in 2010 (London, JPR-Institute for Jewish Policy Research and The Board of Deputies of British Jews, 2010).
114. Daniel Vulkan and David Graham, Population Trends among Britain’s Strictly Orthodox (London, 2008); Graham and Vulkan, Synagogue Membership, cit.
115. Yinon Cohen and Irena Kogan, “Jewish Immigration from the Former Soviet Union to Germany and Israel in the 1990s,” Leo Baeck Institute Year Book L (Berlin, 2005), 249–265; Barbara Dietz, Uwe Lebok and Pavel Polian, “The Jewish Emigration from the Former Soviet Union to Germany,” International Migration, 40, 2, 2002; [Simon Erlanger], Jewish People Policy Planning Institute Annual Assessment 2006, Deltas Creating Opportunities and Threats, Executive Report 3 (Jerusalem, JPPPI, 2006).
116. Zentralwohlfahrtsstelle der Juden in Deutschland (ZWJD), Mitgliederstatistik; Der Einzelnen Jüdischen Gemeinden und Landesverbände in Deutschland (Frankfurt a. M., annual). is the lower case a, and upper case M correct?
117. Julius H. Schoeps, Willy Jasper, and Bernard Vogt (eds.), Ein neues Judentum in Deutschland? Fremd und Eigenbilder der russisch-jüdischen Einwanderer (Potsdam, 1999).
118. András Kovács (ed.), Jews and Jewry in Contemporary Hungary: Results of a Sociological Survey, JPR Report No. 1 (London, 2004). The report reconstructs Jewish population changes between the end of World War II and 1995 based on Tamás Stark, A magyar zsidóság statisztikája: Kutatási jelentés (Budapest, 1995). The latter study, however, significantly underestimates emigration over time to countries other than Israel, as well as to Israel, outside the major migration periods.
119. Simon Cohn, Résulats elections legislatives (Brussels, 2003, unpublished manuscript).
120. Hanna van Solinge and Marlene de Vries (eds.), De Joden in Nederland Anno 2000: Demografisch profiel en binding aan het joodendom (Amsterdam, 2001). The survey was a collaborative effort between the Stichting Joods Maatschappelijk Werk and NIDI (Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute). See also Chris Kooyman and J. Almagor, Israelis in Holland: A Sociodemographic Study of Israelis and Former Israelis in Holland (Amsterdam, 1996).
121. Unione delle Comunità Ebraiche Italiane, IV Congresso, Relazione del consiglio (Roma, 2002); Yaakov Andrea Lattes, Sull’assimilazione in Italia e i metodi per affrontarla (Ramat Gan, 2005); Unione delle Comunità Ebraiche Italiane, Indagine demografica – Numero degli iscritti delle comunità (Roma, 2010).
122. Lasse Dencik, ‘Jewishness’ in Postmodernity: the Case of Sweden, Paideia Report (Stockholm, The European Institute for Jewish Studies, 2003)
123. Oren Cytto, Jewish Identification in Contemporary Spain – A European Case Study (Jerusalem, European Forum at The Hebrew University, Helmut Kohl Institute for European Studies in collaboration with Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 2007).
124. Statistik Austria, Volkszählung 2001: Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion und Staatsangehörigkeit für Bundesländer (Wien, 2003).
125. Mark Tolts, “Contemporary Trends in Family Formation among the Jews in Russia,” Jews in Russia and Eastern Europe, 2006, 2 (57), 5–23; Mark Tolts, “Post-Soviet Jewish Demography, 1989–2004,” in Zvi Gitelman and Yaacov Ro’i (eds.), Revolution, Repression, and Revival: The Soviet Jewish Experience (Lanham, MD, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007), 283–311.
126. Zvi Gitelman, “Becoming Jewish in Russia and Ukraine,” in Zvi Gitelman, Barry Kosmin, and András Kovács (eds.), New Jewish Identities: Contemporary Europe and Beyond (Budapest/New York, 2003), 105–137.
127. Mark Tolts, “Post-Soviet Jewish Demography,” cit. For a German translation see Menora: Jahrbuch für deutsch-jüdische Geshichte 2004, 15 (Berlin/Wien, 2005), 15–44; Mark Tolts, “The Post-Soviet Jewish Population in Russia and the World,” Jews in Russia and Eastern Europe, 1 (52), 2004, 37–63.
128. Dr. Mark Tolts, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, personal communication. See also: Mark Tolts, “Demography of the Contemporary Russian-Speaking Jewish Diaspora”, Paper presented at the Conference on the Contemporary Russian-speaking Jewish Diaspora (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University, November 13–15, 2011).
129. Mark Tolts, “Mass Aliyah and Jewish Emigration from Russia: Dynamics and Factors,” East European Jewish Affairs 33, 2003, 71–96.
130. Mark Tolts, “Post-Soviet Jewish Demography,” cit.; Mark Tolts, “Demographic Trends among the Jews in the Three Post-Soviet Slavic Republics.” Paper presented at the 14th World Congress of Jewish Studies (Jerusalem, 2005).
131. Ukrainian Ministry of Statistics, Population Census 2001 (Kiev, 2002); Mark Tolts, Main Demographic Trends of the Jews in Russia and the FSU (Jerusalem, 2002).
132. See http://belstat.gov.by/homep/ru/perepic/2009/vihod_tables/5.8-0.pdf
133. See also Sidney Goldstein and Alice Goldstein, Lithuanian Jewry 1993: A Demographic and Sociocultural Profile (Jerusalem, The Hebrew University, The Institute of Contemporary Jewry, 1997).
134. Malka Korazim and Esther Katz, “Patterns of Jewish Identity in Moldova: The Behavioral Dimension,” in Gitelman, Kosmin, and Kovács (eds.), New Jewish Identities, cit, 159–170.
135. Bundesamt für Statistik, Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion 2000 (Neuchatel, 2005).
136. Data provided through the courtesy of the Istanbul Jewish Community Council. See also Shaul Tuval, The Jewish Community of Istanbul, 1948–1992: A Study in Cultural, Economic and Social Processes (Jerusalem, The Hebrew University, unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, 1999).
137. Roberto Bachi, The Population of Israel (Paris, CICRED, and Jerusalem, The Hebrew University, and Demographic Center, Prime Minister’s Office, 1977).
138. See http://www.cbs.gov.il
139. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, cit. See also http://www.cbs.gov.il
140. Sergio DellaPergola, “Fertility Prospects in Israel: Ever Below Replacement Level?” United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Recent and Future Trends in Fertility (New York, United Nations Secretariat, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, December 2009).
141. Immigrant citizens are the foreign-born children of Israelis on their first-time entrance into the country. Not included are foreign workers and illegal residents. See Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, cit.
142. In this respect see the recent exchange: Ian S. Lustick, “Israel’s Migration Balance: Demography, Politics, and Ideology”, Israel Studies Review – An Interdisciplinary Journal, 26, 1, 2011, 33–65; Sergio DellaPergola, “When Scholarship Disturbs Narrative: Ian Lustick on Israel’s Migration Balance”, Israel Studies Review – An Interdisciplinary Journal, 26, 2, 2011, 1–20.
143. Personal communication by Rabbi David Bass, Head of Tribunal, Israel Special Rabbinical Conversion Courts.
144. For an extensive discussion of the background, thrust, and implications of past and current population changes, see Sergio DellaPergola, “Demographic Trends in Israel and Palestine: Prospects and Policy Implications” American Jewish Year Book, 103 (New York, American Jewish Committee, 2003), 3–68; Sergio DellaPergola, “Population Trends and Scenarios in Israel and Palestine,” in Arie M. Kacowicz and Pavel Lutomski (eds.) Population Resettlement in International Conflicts: A Comparative Study (Lanham, MD, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007), 183–207. See also Arnon Sofer and Yevguenia Bistrow, Israel Demography 2004–2020 in the Light of Disengagement (Haifa, 2004, in Hebrew).
145. See www.pcbs.org
146. See Bennett Zimmerman, Roberta Seid, Michael Wise, Yoram Ettinger, David Shahaf, Ezra Sohar, David Passig, and Avraham Shvout, Arab Population In the West Bank and Gaza: The Million and a Half Person Gap (Washington, 2005); Bennett Zimmerman, Roberta Seid, and Michael L. Wise, The Million Person Gap: The Arab Population in the West Bank and Gaza (Ramat Gan, The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, 2005) Mideast Security and Policy Studies No. 65. For a rebuttal, see Sergio DellaPergola in Azure, 27, 2007, 3–33.
147. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, cit.
148. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, cit.; Maya Choshen, Eitan Bluer, Yair Assaf-Shapira, Inbal Doron (eds.), Statistical Yearbook of Jerusalem 2009/2010, 24 (Jerusalem, Jerusalem Municipality and the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2010). See also: Sergio DellaPergola, “Demography, Planning and Policy, 2000–2020,” in Ora Achimeir and Yaacov BarSimantov (eds.), 40 Years in Jerusalem (Jerusalem, Jerusalem Institute of Israel Studies, 2008, in Hebrew), 39–59.
149. The figure of 4.0 million suggested by the Population Reference Bureau, World Population Data Sheet, 2010 (Washington, DC, 2010) for mid-2010 is quite on target.
150. Mark Tolts, “Demographic Trends,” cit.
151. See David Saks, “Community Stable, Ageing – Census,” South African Jewish Report (Johannesburg, 2003). See also Barry A. Kosmin, Jaqueline Goldberg, Milton Shain, and Shirley Bruk, Jews of the New South Africa: Highlights of the 1998 National Survey of South African Jews (London, 1999); Shirley Bruk, The Jews of South Africa 2005 – Report on a Research Study (Cape Town, 2006).
152. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Population Census 2006 (Canberra, 2007); Australian Bureau of Statistics, Population Census 2001 (Canberra, 2002). See also Gary Eckstein, Demography of the Sydney Jewish Community 2001 (Sydney, 2003).
153. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Population Census 2011 (Canberra, 2012).
154. Gary Eckstein, “Intermarriage among Jewish Australians,” in Shulamit Reinharz and Sergio DellaPergola, Jewish Intermarriage around the World, cit, 139–152.
155. Statistics New Zealand, 2006 Census of Population and Dwelling (Auckland, 2007).
Appendix B: Jewish Population by Country, 1/1/2012
Appendix B: Jewish Population by Country, 1/1/2012
Country | Total populationa | Core Jewish populationb | Jews per total 1,000 population | Accuracy rating | Enlarged Jewish populationc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
World total | 6,986,402,000 | 13,746,100 | 2.0 | 17,936,400 | ||
America total | 942,331,000 | 6,183,200 | 6.6 | 9,307,300 | ||
Canada | 34,500,000 | 375,000 | 10.9 | B 2006 | 450,000 | |
United States | 311,700,000 | 5,425,000 | 17.4 | B 2011 | X | 8,300,000 |
Total North America d | 346,328,000 | 5,800,000 | 16.7 | 8,750,000 | ||
Bahamas | 400,000 | 300 | 0.8 | D 1995 | 400 | |
Costa Rica | 4,700,000 | 2,500 | 0.5 | C 1993 | 3,000 | |
Cuba | 11,200,000 | 500 | 0.0 | C 1990 | 1,000 | |
Dominican Republic | 10,000,000 | 100 | 0.0 | D 2000 | 125 | |
El Salvador | 6,200,000 | 100 | 0.0 | C 1993 | 125 | |
Guatemala | 14,700,000 | 900 | 0.1 | B 1999 | 1,200 | |
Jamaica | 2,700,000 | 200 | 0.1 | C 2010 | 300 | |
Mexico | 114,800,000 | 39,200 | 0.3 | B 2006 | 42,000 | |
Netherlands Antilles | 310,000 | 200 | 0.6 | C 1998 | 300 | |
Panama | 3,600,000 | 8,000 | 2.2 | C 2010 | 9,000 | |
Puerto Rico | 3,700,000 | 1,500 | 0.4 | C 2000 | 2,000 | |
Virgin Islands | 110,000 | 500 | 4.5 | C 2006 | 700 | |
Other Central America | 27,580,000 | 200 | 0.0 | D | 300 | |
Total Central America | 200,000,000 | 54,200 | 0.3 | 60,450 | ||
Argentina | 40,500,000 | 181,800 | 4.5 | B 2003 | 300,000 | |
Bolivia | 10,100,000 | 500 | 0.0 | C 1999 | 800 | |
Brazil | 196,700,000 | 95,300 | 0.5 | B 2001 | 125,000 | |
Chile | 17,300,000 | 18,500 | 1.1 | B 2002 | X | 26,000 |
Colombia | 46,900,000 | 2,500 | 0.1 | C 1996 | 3,000 | |
Ecuador | 14,700,000 | 600 | 0.0 | B 2011 | X | 900 |
Paraguay | 6,600,000 | 900 | 0.1 | B 1997 | 1,300 | |
Peru | 29,000,000 | 1,900 | 0.1 | C 1993 | 3,000 | |
Suriname | 500,000 | 200 | 0.4 | D 2000 | 350 | |
Uruguay | 3,400,000 | 17,300 | 5.1 | B 2006 | 25,000 | |
Venezuela | 29,300,000 | 9,500 | 0.3 | C 2010 | 11,500 | |
Total South America d | 396,003,000 | 329,000 | 0.8 | 496,850 | ||
Europe total | 815,171,000 | 1,426,900 | 1.8 | 2,112,600 | ||
Austria | 8,400,000 | 9,000 | 1.1 | B 2001 | 15,000 | |
Belgium | 11,000,000 | 30,000 | 2.7 | C 2002 | 40,000 | |
Bulgaria | 7,500,000 | 2,000 | 0.3 | C 2011 | 3,000 | |
Czech Republic | 10,500,000 | 3,900 | 0.4 | C 2001 | 6,500 | |
Denmark | 5,600,000 | 6,400 | 1.1 | C 2001 | 7,500 | |
Estonia | 1,300,000 | 1,700 | 1.3 | B 2012 | X | 3,200 |
Finland | 5,400,000 | 1,300 | 0.2 | B 2010 | 1,800 | |
Francee | 63,340,000 | 480,000 | 7.6 | B 2002 | 580,000 | |
Germany | 81,800,000 | 119,000 | 1.5 | B 2011 | 250,000 | |
Greece | 11,300,000 | 4,500 | 0.4 | B 2000 | 6,000 | |
Hungary | 10,000,000 | 48,200 | 4.8 | C 2001 | 85,000 | |
Ireland | 4,600,000 | 1,200 | 0.3 | B 2001 | 1,500 | |
Italy | 60,800,000 | 28,200 | 0.5 | B 2011 | 37,000 | |
Latvia | 2,200,000 | 6,200 | 2.8 | B 2011 | 11,000 | |
Lithuania | 3,200,000 | 3,200 | 1.0 | B 2010 | X | 6,000 |
Luxembourg | 500,000 | 600 | 1.2 | B 2000 | 800 | |
Netherlands | 16,700,000 | 29,900 | 1.8 | B 2000 | 43,000 | |
Poland | 38,200,000 | 3,200 | 0.1 | C 2001 | 6,000 | |
Portugal | 10,700,000 | 600 | 0.1 | C 2001 | 800 | |
Romania | 21,400,000 | 9,500 | 0.5 | B 2001 | 18,000 | |
Slovakia | 5,400,000 | 2,600 | 0.5 | C 2001 | 4,500 | |
Slovenia | 2,100,000 | 100 | 0.0 | C 2003 | 200 | |
Spain | 46,200,000 | 12,000 | 0.3 | D 2007 | 15,000 | |
Sweden | 9,400,000 | 15,000 | 1.6 | C 2007 | 25,000 | |
United Kingdomf | 62,920,000 | 291,000 | 4.6 | B 2001 | 350,000 | |
Other European Uniong | 1,510,000 | 100 | 0.1 | D | 200 | |
Total European Union | 501,970,000 | 1,109,400 | 2.2 | 1,517,000 | ||
Belarus | 9,500,000 | 12,000 | 1.3 | B 2009 | X | 23,000 |
Moldova | 4,100,000 | 3,900 | 1.1 | B 2004 | 7,500 | |
Russian Federationh | 142,800,000 | 194,000 | 1.4 | C 2010 | X | 380,000 |
Ukraine | 45,700,000 | 67,000 | 1.5 | B 2001 | 130,000 | |
Total FSU Republics | 202,100,000 | 276,900 | 1.4 | 540,500 | ||
[Total FSU in Europe] i | 208,800,000 | 288,000 | 1.4 | 560,700 | ||
Gibraltar | 31,000 | 600 | 19.4 | B 2001 | 700 | |
Norway | 5,000,000 | 1,300 | 0.3 | B 2010 | X | 2,000 |
Switzerland | 7,900,000 | 17,500 | 2.2 | B 2000 | 25,000 | |
Total other West Europe d | 13,401,000 | 19,400 | 1.4 | 27,700 | ||
Bosnia-Herzegovina | 3,800,000 | 500 | 0.1 | C 2001 | 1,000 | |
Croatia | 4,400,000 | 1,700 | 0.4 | C 2001 | 2,500 | |
Macedonia | 2,100,000 | 100 | 0.0 | C 1996 | 200 | |
Serbia | 7,300,000 | 1,400 | 0.2 | C 2001 | 2,500 | |
Turkeyh | 74,000,000 | 17,400 | 0.2 | B 2002 | 21,000 | |
Other Balkans | 6,100,000 | 100 | 0.0 | D | 200 | |
Total Balkans | 97,700,000 | 21,200 | 0.2 | 27,400 | ||
Asia total | 4,140,900,000 | 5,941,100 | 1.43 | 6,286,300 | ||
Israelj | 7,511,300 | 5,582,100 | 743.2 | A 2012 | X | 5,900,200 |
West Bankk | 2,564,700 | 319,000 | 124.4 | B 2012 | X | 326,200 |
Gaza | 1,600,000 | 0 | 0.0 | B 2012 | X | 0 |
Total Israel and Palestine | 11,676,000 | 5,901,100 | 505.4 | 6,226,400 | ||
Azerbaijan | 9,200,000 | 8,800 | 1.0 | B 2009 | X | 12,000 |
Georgia | 4,300,000 | 3,000 | 0.7 | B 2002 | 6,000 | |
Kazakhstan | 16,600,000 | 3,300 | 0.2 | B 2009 | X | 7,000 |
Kyrgyzstan | 5,600,000 | 500 | 0.1 | B 2009 | X | 1,000 |
Turkmenistan | 5,100,000 | 200 | 0.0 | D 1989 | 300 | |
Uzbekistan | 28,500,000 | 4,200 | 0.1 | D 1989 | 8,000 | |
Total FSU in Asia l | 79,900,000 | 20,000 | 0.3 | 34,300 | ||
Chinam | 1,353,600,000 | 2,500 | 0.0 | D 2010 | X | 3,000 |
India | 1,241,300,000 | 5,000 | 0.0 | B 1996 | 7,000 | |
Iran | 77,900,000 | 10,200 | 0.1 | D 1986 | 12,000 | |
Japan | 128,100,000 | 1,000 | 0.0 | D 1993 | 1,500 | |
Korea, South | 49,000,000 | 100 | 0.0 | C 1998 | 200 | |
Philippines | 95,700,000 | 100 | 0.0 | D 2000 | 200 | |
Singapore | 5,200,000 | 300 | 0.1 | C 1990 | 500 | |
Syria | 22,500,000 | 100 | 0.0 | C 1995 | 200 | |
Taiwan | 23,200,000 | 100 | 0.0 | D 2000 | 200 | |
Thailand | 69,500,000 | 200 | 0.0 | D 1998 | 300 | |
Yemen | 23,800,000 | 200 | 0.0 | C 1995 | 200 | |
Other Asia | 959,524,000 | 200 | 0.0 | D | 300 | |
Total other Asia | 4,049,324,000 | 20,000 | 0.0 | 25,600 | ||
Africa total | 1,051,000,000 | 75,300 | 0.1 | 96,500 | ||
Egypt | 82,600,000 | 100 | 0.0 | C 2008 | 200 | |
Ethiopia | 84,976,000 | 100 | 0.0 | C 2008 | 10,000 | |
Morocco | 32,300,000 | 2,500 | 0.1 | C 2006 | 2,700 | |
Tunisia | 10,700,000 | 900 | 0.1 | C 2008 | 1,000 | |
Total Northern Africa d | 298,076,000 | 3,600 | 0.0 | 13,900 | ||
Botswana | 2,000,000 | 100 | 0.1 | C 1993 | 200 | |
Congo D.R. | 67,800,000 | 100 | 0.0 | C 1993 | 200 | |
Kenya | 41,600,000 | 400 | 0.0 | C 1990 | 700 | |
Namibia | 2,300,000 | 100 | 0.0 | C 1993 | 200 | |
Nigeria | 162,300,000 | 100 | 0.0 | D 2000 | 200 | |
South Africa | 50,500,000 | 70,200 | 1.4 | B 2001 | 80,000 | |
Zimbabwe | 12,100,000 | 400 | 0.0 | B 2001 | 600 | |
Other Sub-Saharan Africa | 414,324,000 | 300 | 0.0 | D | 500 | |
Total Sub-Saharan Africa n | 752,924,000 | 71,700 | 0.1 | 82,600 | ||
Oceania total | 37,000,000 | 119,600 | 3.2 | 133,700 | ||
Australia | 22,700,000 | 112,000 | 4.9 | B 2011 | X | 125,000 |
New Zealand | 4,400,000 | 7,500 | 1.7 | B 2006 | 8,500 | |
Other Oceania | 9,900,000 | 100 | 0.0 | D | 200 | |
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
DellaPergola, S. (2013). World Jewish Population, 2012. In: Dashefsky, A., Sheskin, I. (eds) American Jewish Year Book 2012. American Jewish Year Book, vol 109-112. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5204-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5204-7_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-5203-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-5204-7
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)