Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Arrhythmias in children

  • Chapter
Clinical Aspects of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Part of the book series: Current Status of Clinical Cardiology ((CSOCC,volume 6))

  • 43 Accesses

Abstract

Abnormalities of cardiac rhythm are being recognized more frequently in childhood. Monitoring of sick children on neonatal and intensive care units has resulted in an increased awareness of both the normal and abnormal variation in a child’s rhythm. Increased routine monitoring of the fetus has brought to light rhythm abnormalities in fetal life and some of these are now recognized as a cause of fetal loss. The majority of abnormal rhythms encountered in childhood are similar in terms of electrocardiographic criteria to those in adults, but may differ markedly in underlying aetiology and prognosis. A minority of arrhythmias are peculiar to childhood.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Gillette, P. and Garson, A. (1981). Paediatric Cardiac Dysrhythmias, ( New York: Grune and Stratton )

    Google Scholar 

  • Deal, B., Keane, J., Gillette, P. and Garson, A. (1985). Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and supraventricular tachycardia during infancy: management and follow-up. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 5, 130

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gikonyo, B., Dunnigan, A. and Woodrow Benson, D. (1985). Cardiovascular collapse in infants: association with paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. Paediatrics, 76, 922

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garson, A. (1987). Medicolegal problems in the management of cardiac arrhythmias in children. Paediatrics, 79, 84

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodrow Benson, D., Dunnigan, A. and Benditt, D. (1987). Follow-up evaluation of infant paroxysmal atrial tachycardia: transoesophageal study. Circulation, 75, 542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunnigan, A., Benditt, D. and Woodrow Benson, D. (1986). Modes of onset

    Google Scholar 

  • (initiating events) for paroxysmal atrial tachycardia in infants and children. Am. J. Cardiol 57 1280

    Google Scholar 

  • James, T. (1970). Cardiac conduction system: fetal and postnatal development. Am. J. Cardiol., 25, 213

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg, A. (1973). Paroxysmal tachycardia in infancy: follow-up study of 47 subjects ranging in age from 10 to 26 years. Paediatrics, 51, 26

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bricker, J., Porter, C., Garson, A., Gillette, P., McVey, P., Traweek, M. and McNamara, D. (1985). Exercise testing in children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Am. J. Cardiol., 55, 1001

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillette, P. (1985). Supraventricular arrhythmias in children. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 5, 122B

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, R., Hammon, J., Echt, D. and Graham, T. (1987). Surgical treatment of paediatric cardiac arrhythmia. J. Paediatrics., 110, 501

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ott, D., Gillette, P., Garson, A., Cooley, D., Reul, G. and McNamara, D. (1985). Surgical management of refractory supraventricular tachycardia in infants and children. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 5, 124

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, D., Danielson, G., Gersh, B., Osborn, M., Wood, D., McLaren, C., Sugrue, D., Porter, C. and Hammill, S. (1985). Surgical treatment of accessory pathways and symptomatic tachycardia in children and young adults. Am. J. Cardiol., 55, 1509

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, D.E. and Camm, A.J. (1987). Clinical Electrophysiology of the Heart, ( London: Edward Arnold )

    Google Scholar 

  • Coumel, P., Cabrol, C., Fabiato, A., Gourgon, R. and Slama, R. (1967). Tachycardie permanante par rhythme reciproque. I Preuves du diagnostic par stimulation auriculaire et ventriculaire. Arch. Malad. Coeur, 1830

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff. G., Sung, R., Pickoff, A., Garcia, O., Werblin, R., Ferrer, P., Tamer, D. and Gelband, H. (1979). The fast-slow form of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in children. Am. J. Cardiol., 43, 1181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, J.J. and Sealy, C. W. (1978). The permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia: further elucidation of the underlying mechanism. Eur. J. Cardiol., 8, 413

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R., Gillette, P., Massumi, A., McVey, P. and Garson, A. (1986). Transcatheter ablative techniques for treatment of the permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia in the young patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 8, 385

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, J. (1985). Tachycardia and cardiomyopathy: The chicken-egg dilemma revisited. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 6, 1172

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, M. and Benditt, D. (1981). Long-term evaluation of persistent supraventricular tachycardia in children: Clinical and electrocardiographic features. Am. Heart J., 102, 80

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillette, P., Smith, R., Mullins, C., Gutgesell, H., Goh, T., Cooley, D. and McNamara, D. (1985). Chronic supraventricular tachycardia a curable cause of congestive cardiomyopathy. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 253, 391

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kugler, J., Baisch, S., Cheatham, J., Latson, L., Pinsky, W., Norberg, W. and Hofschire, P. (1984). Improvement of left ventricular dysfunction after control of persistent tachycardia. J. Paediatrics., 105, 543

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunnigan, A., Woodrow Benson, D. and Benditt, D. (1985). Atrial flutter in infancy: diagnosis, clinical features, and treatment. Paediatrics, 75, 725

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garson, A., Bink-Boelkens, M., Hesslein, S. P., Hordof, J. A., Keane, F. J., Neches, H. W. and Porter, J. C. (1985). Atrial flutter in the young: a collaborative study of 380 cases. Paediatrics. Cardiol., 6, 871

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, R., Dick, M., Jenkins, J., Spicer, R., Crowley, D., Rocchini, A., Snider, A., Stren, A. and Rosenthal, A. (1985). Atrial overdrive pacing for conversion of atrial flutter in children. Paediatrics, 75, 730

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, C. J. and Gersony, W. M. (1986). Arrhythmias after the mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries: a long-term study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 7, 133

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Said, G., Gillette, P., Cooley, D., Mullins, C. and McNamara, D. (1976). Protection of the sinus node in mustards operation. Circulation, 53, 788

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duster, M., Bink-Boelkens, M., Wampler, D., Gillette, P., McNamara, D. and Cooley, D. (1985). Long term follow-up of dysrhythmias following the Mustard procedure. Am. Heart J., 109, 1323

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillette, C.P., Wampler, G.D., Shannon, C. and Ott, D. (1986). Use of cardiac pacing after the Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 7, 138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, O., Macartney, J.F. and Deverall, B. P. (1976). Sick sinus syndrome in children. Arch. Dis. Child., 51, 100

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coumel, P., Fidell, J., Huel, P., Brechenmacher, C., Balune, A., Bretagne, J., Clematy, J., Gerard, R., Grolleau, R., Hualt, G., Mouy, J., Kachaner, J., Ribiere, M. and Toumieux, M. C. (1975). Tachycardies focales hissienes congenitales. Arch. Malad. Coeur., 69, 899

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillette, P., Garson, A., Porter, C., Ott, D., McVey, P., Zinner, A. and Blair, H. (1983). Junctional automatic ectopic tachycardia: New proposed treatment by transcatheter His bundle ablation. Am. Heart J., 106, 619

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerr, C. and Mason, M. (1985). Incidence and clinical significance of accelerated junctional rhythm following open heart surgery. Am. Heart J., 110, 966

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brechenmacher, C., Coumel, P. and James, T. (1976). De subitaneis mortibus. XV. Intractable tachycardia in infancy. Circulation, 53, 377

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yen Ho, S., Mortimer, G., Anderson, R., Pomerance, A. and Keeling, J. (1985). Conduction system defects in three perinatal patients with arrhythmia. Br. Heart J., 53, 158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bharati, S. and Lev, M. (1986). Congenital abnormalities of the conduction system in sudden death in young adults. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 8, 1096

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, D. (1986). The management of arrhythmias in children; are electrophysiological studies of value? Int. J. Cardiol., 11, 149

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woodrow Benson, D., Sanford, M., Dunnigan, A. and Benditt, G. D. (1984). Transesophageal atrial pacing threshold: role of interelectrode spacing, pulse width and catheter insertion depth. Am. J. Cardiol., 53, 63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, B., Till, A. J., Rowland, E., Ward, E.D., Barnes, J. P. and Shinebourne, A.E. (1987). Rapid termination of supraventricular tachycardia in children by adenosine. Br. Heart J., 57, 584

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, K.N. (1983). Cardiac Arrhythmias in the Neonate Infant and Child. Ed Roberts and Gelband. 233

    Google Scholar 

  • McCue, C., Mantakas, M., Tingelstad, J. and Ruddy, S. (1977). Congenital heart block in newborns of mothers with connective tissue disease. Circulation, 56, 82

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Litsey, S., Noonan, J., O’Connor, W., Cottrill, C. and Mitchell, B. (1985). Maternal connective tissue disease and congenital heart block. N. Engl. J. Med., 312, 98

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, J., Maddison, P., Taylor, P., Esscher, E., Scott, O. and Skinner, P. (1983). Connective-tissue disease, antibodies to ribonucleoprotein, and congenital heart block. N. Engl. J. Med., 309, 209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yen Ho, S., Esscher, E., Anderson, R. and Michaelsson, M. (1986). Anatomy of congenital complete heart block and relation to maternal anti-Ro antibodies. Am. J. Cardiol., 58, 291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, D., Jones, S. and Camm, A. (1985). Long term endocardial pacing in congenital heart disease. Clin. Prog. Electropbysiol. Pacing, 3, 133

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillette, P., Shannon, C., Blair, H., Garson, A., Porter, C. and McNamara, D. (1983). Transvenous pacing in paediatric patients. Am. Heart J, 105, 843

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, R., Capeless, M. and Levy, A. (1987). Use of ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring to identify high-risk patients with congenital complete heart block. N. Engl. J. Med, 316, 835

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garson, A., Smith, R., Moak, J., Ross, B. and McNamara, D. (1985). Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in children. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol 5DOB

    Google Scholar 

  • Garson, A. (1986). Ventricular arrhythmias in the young: differences and similarities to adults. Clin. Progr. Electropbysiol. Pacing, 4, 175

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, P. (1985). Idiopathic long QT syndrome: Progress and questions. Am. Heart J., 109, 399

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilmer, C., Stein, B. and Morris, D. (1986). Atrioventricular pacemaker placement in Romano-Ward syndrome and recurrent Torsades de Pointes. Am. J. Cardiol., 59, 171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Itoh, S., Munemura, S. and Satoh, H. (1982). A study of the inheritance pattern of Romano-Ward syndrome. Clin. Pediatrics., 21, 20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garson, A., Nihill, M., McNamara, D. and Cooley, D. (1979). Status of the adult and adolescent after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation, 59, 1232

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • James, F., Kaplan, S. and Chou, T. (1975). Unexpected cardiac arrest in patients after surgical correction of Tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation, 52, 691

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillette, P., Yeoman, M., Mullins, C. and McNamara, D. (1977). Sudden death after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot. Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic abnormalities. Circulation, 56, 566

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webb Kavey, R., Blackman, M. and Sondheimer, H. (1982). Incidence and severity of chronic ventricular dysrhythmias after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot. Am. Heart J., 103, 342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deanfield, J., McKenna, W. and Rowland, E. (1985). Local abnormalities of right ventricular depolarisation after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot: A basis for ventricular arrhythmia. Am. J. Cardiol., 55, 522

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz, L., Vetter, V., Harken, A. and Josephson, M. (1980). Electrophysiologic characteristics of sustained ventricular tachycardia occurring after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot. Am. J. Cardiol., 46, 446

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, D. and Moller, J. (1987). Comparison of late clinical status between patients with different haemodynamic findings after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot. Am. Heart J., 113, 767

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garson, A., Randall, D., Gillette, P., Smith, R., Moak, J., McVey, P. and McNamara, D. (1985). Prevention of sudden death after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot: Treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 6, 221

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crowley, D., Dick, M., Rayburn, W. and Rosenthal, A. (1985). Two-dimensional and M-Mode echocardiographic evaluation of fetal arrhythmia. Clin. Cardiol., 8, 1

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinfeld, L., Rappaport, H., Rossbach, H. and Martinez, E. (1986). Diagnosis of fetal arrhythmias using echocardiographic and doppler techniques. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 9, 1425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strasburger, F. J., Huhta, C. J., Carpenter, J. R., Garson, A. and McNamara, G. D. (1986). Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of persistent fetal arrhythmias. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol, 7, 1386

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allan, D.L., Crawford, C. D., Anderson, H. R. and Tynan M. (1984). Evaluation and treatment of fetal arrhythmias. Clin. Cardiol 7, 467

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumesic, D., Silverman, N., Tobias, S. and Golbus, M. (1982). Transplacental cardioversion of fetal supraventricular tachycardia with procainamide. N. Engl. J. Med., 307, 1128

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnoux, P., Seyral, P., Llurens, M., Djiane, P., Potier, A., Unal, D., Cano, J., Serradimigni, A. and Rouault, F. (1987). Amiodarone and digoxin for refractory fetal tachycardia. Am. J. Cardiol., 59, 166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. J. A. Till
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. E. Ward
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiological Sciences, St. George’s Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London, England

    A. John Camm

  2. St. George’s Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London, England

    David E. Ward

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Till, J.A., Ward, D.E. (1988). Arrhythmias in children. In: Camm, A.J., Ward, D.E. (eds) Clinical Aspects of Cardiac Arrhythmias. Current Status of Clinical Cardiology, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1289-2_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1289-2_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7073-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-1289-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation