Abstract
For almost 30 years piezoelectric ceramics have been the main transducer material used in underwater acoustics in spite of certain disadvantages as high mechanical impedance, brittleness, high electrical impedance at low frequencies, limited size of homogeneous pieces, and variability in the raw materials. In recent years some new types of transduction have been tested. These have included piezopolymers, acousto-optic sensors, several new magnetic materials, and ceramic-elastomer composites. Each of these is reviewed and its strong and weak points discussed. None have, as yet, reached the stage of being engineered into sonar systems.
This paper is sponsored by the Naval Research Laboratory, Underwater Sound Reference Detachment, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. but the author is recently retired from a position there.
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Bobber, R.J. (1981). New Types of Transducers. In: Bjørnø, L. (eds) Underwater Acoustics and Signal Processing. NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series, vol 66. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8447-9_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8447-9_20
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