Skip to main content

Internal Politics

  • Chapter
African Politics
  • 88 Accesses

Abstract

These ideologies relate to two essential problems: economic, social and cultural development, and political power, the situation of which is more or less influenced by models.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. P. Moussa: Les Etats-Unis et les nations prolétaires, Editions du Seuil, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  2. CL. Sulzberg: Les Etats-Unis et le Tiers Monde, Pion, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  3. See R. Vezeau: L’Afrique face au communisme, Edimpra, Paris, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  4. A. Boutenko: Le système socialiste mondial et l’anti-communisme, Editions du Progrès, Moscow, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  5. S. Hoffman: Gulliver Empêtré, Editions du Seuil, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  6. R. Heilbronner: Counter Revolutionary America (Commentary, April, 1967).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Intervention and Revolution, Cleveland, Ohio, World Publishing Co., 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  8. De l’aide à la recolonisation, Editions du Seuil, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Le Monde, 22 February 1977, p. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Political Development, Little, Brown, 1966, p. 233 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Aspects of Political Development, chap. IV: ‘Democracy and political development’, p. 71 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Op. cit., p. 391–392, Inadaption du communisme.

    Google Scholar 

  13. A whole school had grown up in the United States around the idea of leadership. See for example W. Howard Higgins: The Ruler’s Imperative; Strategies for Political Survival in Asia and Africa. This theory is also taken up by B. Asso: Le chef d’Etat africain, Editions Albatros, Paris, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Cf. P. Moussa: L’Américano-morphisme, chap. VI, p. 64 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  15. See G. A. Almond: Approaches to Developmental Causation, (introduction to Developmental Episodes).

    Google Scholar 

  16. See the bibliography by A.A. Spitz: Developmental Change, Lexington, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  17. See Almond and Powell: Comparative Politics, Little, Brown, 1966, chap. VIII: ‘The capabilities of political systems’.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Trends in World Politics, Macmillan, New York, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  19. See also R. Dahl: Modern Political Analysis, 2nd edn, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  20. See: H. Carrère d’Encausse and S. Schram: Le Marxisme et l’Asie, A. Colin, 1965 (texts).’

    Google Scholar 

  21. H. Carrère d’Encausse and S. Schram: L’URSS et la Chine devant les Révolutions dans les sociétés pré-industrielles, A. Colin, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  22. P. F. Gonidec: Politique comparée du Tiers Monde, Les Cours de Droit, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  23. A.J. Klinghoffer: Soviet Perspectives on African Socialism, Farleigh Dickinson University Press, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  24. D. Morris: The USSR and Africa, OUP, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ulianovski: Le Socialisme et les pays libérés, Editions du Progrès, Moscow, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Ph. Richer: La Chine et le Tiers Monde, Payot, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  27. F. Schatten: Communism in Africa, Allen & Unwin, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Th.P. Thornton: The Third World in Soviet Perspective, Princeton, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  29. A. Janicki and I. Szadziewska, La Chine et les pays en voie de développement, Ed. Interpress, 1975 (a Polish critique of the Chinese theories).

    Google Scholar 

  30. A. Saint Girons: ‘l’URSS et le Tiers Monde’, Political Science thesis, Paris University (Panthéon-Sorbonne), 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  31. M. Dauphin: ‘L’URSS et le Moyen-Orient’, Political science thesis, Paris University, (Panthéon-Sorbonne), 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Lenin: Les prévisions de Lénine sur les tempêtes révolutionnaires en Orient, Editions en langues étrangères, Peking, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Statement of the 81. See the critique of the Chinese theories in H.V. Fomitcheva and A.S. Krasilnikov, La Chine et l’Afrique, Moscow, Ed. MYSL, 1976 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  34. See the theses on national and colonial questions defended by Lenin at the Second Congress of Communist Parties (H. Carrère d’Encausse and S. Schram: Le Marxisme et l’Asie Schram and Carrère d’Encausse, op. cit., p. 95 et seq.);

    Google Scholar 

  35. also Tchirkin and Yudin: A Socialist Oriented State, Moscow, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Regarding this road to development, see Ulianovski: The Non-capitalist Road to Development in African Countries (in Russian), State and Law Institute, Moscow, 1967;

    Google Scholar 

  37. and the thesis of A. Saint-Girons: ‘L’URSS et le Tiers Monde’, Université de Paris I, 1978. See also the journal Aujourd’hui l’Afrique, Nos. 5 and 6, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  38. See Solidarité afro-asiatique contre l’impérialisme, Editions en langues étrangères, Peking, 1965, 466 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  39. H. Carrère d’Encausse and S. Schram: Le Marxisme et l’Asie Carrère d’Encausse and Schram: op. cit., p. 434 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  40. See: Les formes de l’Etat Socialiste, Dalloz, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  41. La Chine, Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  42. In November 1976, the Prime Minister of Cameroon appealed for the massive participation of French business in the implementing of Cameroon development projects,’a participation all the more reasonable in that it is favoured by a great number of factors (language, business law, encouragement of private initiative, liberalism…’) (BAN, 1 December 1976).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Title of chap. VI of Tibor Mende’s book: De l’aide à la recolonisation, p. 111 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  44. See for example J.P. Ndiaye: La jeunesse Africaine face à l’impérialisme, Paris. Maspéro, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Raices Contemporâneas de America Latina, Buenos Aires, 1964, p. 72.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Frantz Fanon (op. cit., p. 114): ‘The national bourgeoisie in underdeveloped countries is not oriented towards production, invention, construction, labour.’ More realistically, President Senghor reproached the Senegalese for seeking ‘le confort du ventre et des fesses’ — to be comfortable as far as belly and buttocks are concerned.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Cf. Frantz Fanon’s development of the subject of ‘racism of the young national bourgeoisie’.

    Google Scholar 

  48. See also Robin Clark: La course à la mort, Editions du Seuil, 1972, p. 360 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  49. See the magazine Tricontinental, No. 4, 1969 (Study by the African Research Group on the imperialist mission of Israel in Africa). Also P. Leopold: ‘Israël et le Tiers Monde’, Political science dissertation, Université de Paris I, Paris, 1971,

    Google Scholar 

  50. M. Curtis and S.A. Gitelson, Israel and the Third World, Transaction Books, New Brunswick, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  51. A. Rivkin: Foreign Affairs, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Africa and the West, Praeger, p. 89, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Cf. L. Laufer: Israel and the Developing Countries, New York, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  54. See the thesis of Fawaz: Political Science Doctorate, Université de Paris I, Paris, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  55. See the author’s article: L‘Evolution du syndicalisme en Afrique Noire, Bulletin interafricain du travail, May 1963 (in French and English); and his Les systèmes politiques Africains, vol. 1, p. 212, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  56. See G. Fisher: ‘Le syndicalisme et les nouveaux Etats’, in Les nouveaux Etats dans les relations internationales, p. 234 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Cf. CE. Lynd: The Politics of African Trade Unionism, p. 143 et seq., Praeger, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Cf. G. Lefranc: ‘Le syndicalisme dans le monde’, ‘Que sais-je?’ No. 356, p. 116.

    Google Scholar 

  59. See op. cit.: The Development of an African Working Class.

    Google Scholar 

  60. See F. Schatten: Communism in Africa, chaps. XII and XIII, Allen & Unwin, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Also R. Vezeau: L’Afrique face au communisme, Edimpra, Paris, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  62. See UNESCO Statistical Year Book.

    Google Scholar 

  63. See, for example, E.J. Hevi: ‘Un étudiant africain en Chine’, La Table Ronde, Paris, 1965;

    Google Scholar 

  64. and A. Amar: A Student in Moscow, London, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Panafricanism and Communism, p. 329, Dennis Dobson, London, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  66. See Babacar Sine, op. cit., and Le marxisme devant les sociétés africaines contemporaines, (to be published by the Nouvelles éditions africaines).

    Google Scholar 

  67. See the Mémoire de Science Politique de Gentil (Faculté de Droit de Paris, 1966) on Les Idéologies Politiques de la Côte d’Ivoire; and the biography of President Houphouët Boigny by P.H. Siriex, Seghers, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  68. See S. Amin: Le développement du capitalisme en Côte d’Ivoire, 1967; also: L’Afrique de l’Ouest bloquée, Editions de Minuit, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  69. See, for example, the statement by President Houphouët Boigny concerning a rum factory built with the help of Krupp (Fraternité Matin, 2 October 1965). Regarding the public sector, see the work by J. Dutheil de la Rochère, Pedone, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  70. The work of Professor Thomas (Le socialisme et l’Afrique, 2 vols, Le Livre Africain, 1966) gives a general view of the problem.

    Google Scholar 

  71. See also: I. Cox: Socialist Ideas in Africa, Friedland and Rosberg, (eds), London, 1966; African Socialism (Collection of articles and documents), Stanford, 1964; Y. Benot, op. cit., p. 191 et seq.; Revue Française d’Etudes Politiques Africaines, No. 112, 1975 and No. 127, July 1976; Jokica Hadzi-Vasileva: i Socijalizam, Belgrade, 1973 (abstract in French).

    Google Scholar 

  72. Senghor: Nation et voie africaine du socialisme, p. 69; L.S. Senghor: Pour une société sénégalaise socialiste et démocratique, Report at the UPS Congress, 27/29 December 1976, 202 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Contribution à la construction nationale, Présence Africaine, p. 75.

    Google Scholar 

  74. See chap. XIX of Spacensky’s thesis on ‘Malagasy Political Forces’, Faculté de Droit de Paris, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Regarding Tanzania, see S. Urfer: Ujamaa, Aubier, 1971;

    Google Scholar 

  76. and C. Pratt: Nyerere and the Emergence of a Socialist Strategy, Cambridge University Press 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  77. On the subject of the influence of the international factor, see C. Pratt: ‘Foreign policy issue and the emergence of socialism in Tanzania 1961/1968’, International Journal of Africa, No. 3, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  78. ‘Capitalism means that the masses will work and that a minority… will benefit from this work. The minority will sit down at the feast and the masses will eat the leftovers,’ The Rational Choice 2 January 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  79. See the bibliography by J.P. Charnay on ‘Le marxisme et l’Islam’, Archives de sociologie des religions, No. 10, pp. 133–146, 1960;

    Google Scholar 

  80. the work by Camau: La notion de démocratie dans la pensée des dirigeants maghrébins, CNRS, p. 95 et seq., 1972; and regarding Algeria see Vatin and Leca, op. cit.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Cf. P. Herreman: ‘Du socialisme passionnel de Ben Bella au socialisme tempéré de Boumeiène’, Le Mois en Afrique, November 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Bleuchot: La Libye nouvelle, p. 78, CNRS, Paris, 1975; see also Ruth First: Libya, The Elusive Revolution.

    Google Scholar 

  83. La Révolution et l’unité populaire, p. 45.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Ibid., p. 47.

    Google Scholar 

  85. See the thesis by M. Jouannin: ‘La pensée d’Ahmed Sékou Touré’, p. 154 et seq. and p. 201 et seq., Faculté de Droit de Paris, Paris, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Les dirigeants africains face à leurs peuples.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Voies africaines du socialisme, pp. 28 and 29, Bibliothèque de l’Etoile, Leopoldville, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Réflexions sur l’économie de l’Afrique Noire, Présence Africaine, p. 144, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  89. See notably: ‘Théories et pratiques du socialisme Sénégalais’, Séminaire des Cadres Politiques (roneotyped document), Dakar 1962; and the Rapport de Politique Générale at the UPS Congress, December 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Révolution et progrès social, p. 704.

    Google Scholar 

  91. See the strong criticism by Abdou Diouf: ‘Le socialisme Africain, Etude théorique’ (19 roneotyped pages), Dakar, 22 March 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  92. See also the assessment of N. Kossoukine in L’Expérience historique et le progrès social en Afrique, Editions Novosti. Moscow, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  93. P.H. Siriex, Governor of French Somaliland from 1946/1950, and advisor to President Pleven, in his biography of F. Houphouët Boigny, relates how ‘François Mitterand’s hour’ came after a period of preparation (p. 117 et seq.).

    Google Scholar 

  94. L’Economie de l’Ouest Africain, Maspero, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  95. L’Economie Camerounaise, Editions Sociales, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  96. See M. Ngouabi: ‘Vers la construction du Socialisme. Ecrits et Discours’, Présence Africaine, 1975, Le Monde diplomatique, April 1973 and December 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  97. J. Milandou Nkombo: ‘Le paru congolais du travail’, political science dissertation, Poitiers, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  98. H. Bertrand: Le Congo. Formation sociale et mode de développement économique, Maspero, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Statutes in ETUMBA. No. 126, 3 and 10 January 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Revue Juridique et Politique, 1970, No. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Cf. Jeune Afrique, 28 December 1974, p. 41 et seq.

    Google Scholar 

  102. See E. Boccovi: ‘La Révolution Socialiste du Dahomey (Bénin)’, Mémoire de Sciences Politiques, Université de Paris I.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Daho Express, 20 November 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  104. See Ph. Decraene: ‘L’Expérience socialiste somalienne’, Mémoire de Sciences Politiques, Université de Paris I, 1977, 306 pp. (bibliography pp. 283–296; documents pp. 208–282).

    Google Scholar 

  105. Also P.M. Laitin: ‘Political economy of military rule’, JMAS, 1976, pp. 449–468 (a critical study).

    Google Scholar 

  106. M. Lewis: ‘The Politics of the 1969 Somali coup’, idib., 1 October 1972, pp. 383–408.

    Google Scholar 

  107. A. Wolczyk: ‘Socialismo Somalo’, Concretezza, Rome, 1972 (a critical study).

    Google Scholar 

  108. Cf. Luigi Pestalozza: ‘The Somalian revolution’, collection Luttes et Combats, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  109. On the former Portuguese Colonies, see the study by J.P. Colin in l’Annuaire du Tiers Monde, 1975–1976. On Ethiopia, see JMAS, No. 2, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  110. The 1973 Constitution of the Congo (Article 36), partially rescinded in 1977, employs the same formula.

    Google Scholar 

  111. See the study by Favoreu in the Encyclopédie politique et constitutionnelle, Berger-Levrault, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Regarding the meanings of the terms Nation, State, Homeland and People, see the thesis by M. Kaddar already cited.

    Google Scholar 

  113. ‘L’Idéologie nationaliste’, Revue Française de Science Politique, 1965, p. 431.

    Google Scholar 

  114. See for example A. Zolberg: Creating Political Order. The Party States of Africa, Chicago, 1966;

    Google Scholar 

  115. S. Huntington: Political Order in Changing Societies, London, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  116. See D.G. Lavroff: ‘Les partis politiques en Afrique Noire’, Que sais-je?, No. 1380.

    Google Scholar 

  117. See F. Zucarelli: ‘L’évolution récente de la vie politique au Sénégal’, Revue Française d’études politiques africaines, July, 1976, pp. 85–102; and l’Année politique africaine, 1976. I. Fall: Le multipartisme et la démocratie au Sénégal, NEA, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  118. See the author’s study of La République Unie du Cameroun, 2nd Edition, Berger-Levrault, 1977; and the thesis by Bayart, FNSP, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  119. La révolution algérienne et le Droit, Brussels, 1961, p. 90. Concerning this period, see the thesis by Slimane Chikh: La révolution algérienne, 3 vols, Grenoble, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Les damnés de la Terre, pp. 139–140.

    Google Scholar 

  121. See M. Rousset: ‘Le royaume du Maroc’, Encyclopédie politique et constitutionnelle Berger-Levrault, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  122. See Waterburry: The Commander of the Faithful.

    Google Scholar 

  123. See the study by Favoreu in the Encyclopédie politique et constitutionnelle; and J. and J.F Durand: L’Ile Maurice, quelle indépendance?, Anthropos, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  124. See C. Debbasch and M. Camau: ‘La Tunisie’, Encyclopédie politique et constitutionnelle Berger-Levrault, 1973;

    Google Scholar 

  125. and the thesis by Abdelfattah Amor: ‘Le régime politique de la Tun sie’, Université de Paris 2, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  126. See Aly Chérif Chamari: ‘L’itinéraire politique de l’opposition progressiste dans la Tunisi indépendante’, Political science dissertation, Université de Paris I, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers bv, The Hague

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gonidec, P.F. (1981). Internal Politics. In: African Politics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8902-3_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8902-3_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-247-2391-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-8902-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics