Abstract
Because of an increased survival rate in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), more and more “ex-preemies” are presenting to the operating room for surgical procedures. Remember that the premature infant is defined as being less than 37 weeks gestational age. Therefore, an “ex-preemie” by definition has now reached greater than 37 weeks conceptual age. This discussion will consider the anesthetic management of premature, as well as ex-premature, infants.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Flynn JT: Acute proliferative retrolental fibroplasia: Multivariate risk analysis. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 81:549–591, 1983
Kinsey VE, Hemphill FM: Symposium: Retrolental fibroplasia (retinopathy of prematurity); etiology of retrolental fibroplasia; preliminary report of cooperative study of retrolental fibroplasia. Am J Ophthalmol 40:216–223, 1955
Patz A: The role of oxygen in retrolental fibroplasia. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 66:940–985, 1968
Adamkin DH, Shott RJ, Cook LN et al: Nonhyperoxic retrolental fibroplasia. Pediatrics 670:828–830, 1977
Brockhurst RJ, Chishti MI: Cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia: Its occurrence without oxygen administration and in full-term infants. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 195:113–128, 1975
Kalina RE, Hodson WA, Morgan BC: Retrolental fibroplasia in a cyanotic infant. Pediatrics 50:765–768, 1972
Hirose T, Lou PL: Retinopathy of prematurity. Int Ophthalmol Clin 26:1–23, 1986
Flynn JT: Oxygen and retrolental fibroplasia: Update and challenge. Anesthesiology 60:397–399, 1984
LeDez KM, Lerman J: The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in preterm neonates. Anesthesiology 67:301–307, 1987
Collins C, Koren G, Crean P et al: The correlation between fentanyl pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynames in preterm infants during PDA ligation. Anesthesiology 61:A442, 1984
Johnson KL, Erickson JP, Holley FO et al: Fentanyl pharmacokinetics in the pediatric population. Anesthesiology 61:A441, 1984
Badgwell JM, Heavner JE, Kytta J: Bupivacaine toxicity in young pigs is age-dependent and is affected by volatile anesthetics. Anesthesiology 73:297, 1990
Heavner JE, Dryden DF, Sanghani V et al: Severe hypoxemia enhances central nervous system and cardiovascular toxicity of bupivacaine in lightly anesthetized pigs. Anesthesiology 77:142–7, 1992
Freid EB, Bailey AG, Valley RD: Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic changes associated with unintentional intravascular injection of bupivacaine with epinephrine in infants. Anesthesiology 79:394–398, 1993
Albajian JC, Mellish PWP, Browne AE et al: Spinal anesthesia for surgery in the high-risk infant. Anesth Analg 63:359, 1984
Spears RS, Yeh A, Fisher DM et al: The “educated hand”: Can anesthesiologists assess changes in neonatal pulmonary compliance manually? Anesthesiology 75:55, 1991
Steward DJ: The “not-so-educated hand” of the pediatric anesthesiologist. Anesthesiology 75:555, 1991
Badgwell JM, Wolf AM, McEvedy BAB et al: Fresh gas flow formulae do not accurately predict end-tidal PCO2 in paediatric patients. Can Anaesth 35:581–586, 1988
Bissonnette B, Sessler DI: Passive or active inspired gas humidification increases thermal steady-state temperatures in anesthetized infants. Anesth Analg 69:783, 1989
Badgwell JM, Heavner JE: End-tidal carbon dioxide pressure in neonates and infants measured by aspiration and flow-through capnography. J Clin Monit 7:285–288, 1991
Badgwell JM, McLeod ME, Lerman J et al: End-tidal PCO2 measurements sampled at the distal and proximal ends of the endotracheal tube in infants and children. Anesth Analg 66:959–964, 1967
Badgwell JM, Heavner JE, May WS et al: End-tidal PCO2 monitoring in infants and children ventilated with either a partial rebreathing or a non-rebreathing circuit. Anesthesiology 66:405–410, 1987
Hillier SC, Badgwell JM, McLeod ME et al: Accuracy of end-tidal PCO2 measurements using a sidestream capnometer in infants and children ventilated with the Sechrist Infant Ventilator. Can J Anaesth 37:321, 1990
Steward DJ: Preterm infants are more prone to complications following minor surgery than are term infants. Anesthesiology 56:304–306, 1982
Liu LMP, Cote CJ, Goudsouzian NG et al: Life-threatening apnea in infants recovering from anesthesia. Anesthesiology 59:506–510, 1983
Kurth CD, Spitzer AR, Broennle AM et al: Postoperative apnea in preterm infants. Anesthesiology 66:483–488, 1987
Welborn LG, Hannallah RS, Fink R et al: High-dose caffeine suppresses postoperative apnea in former preterm infants. Anesthesiology 71:346–349, 1989
Welborn LG, Rice LJ, Broadman LM et al: Postoperative apnea in former preterm infants: Prospective comparison of spinal and general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 72:838–842, 1990
Krane EJ, Haberkern CM, Jacobsen CE: A comparison of spinal and general anesthesia in the former preterm infant. Anesthesiology 75:A912, 1991
Welborn LG, Hannallah RS, Higgins T et al: Does anemia increase the risk of postoperative apnea in former preterm infants? Anesthesiology 73:A1091, 1990
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Badgwell, J.M. (1995). Anesthesia for the Ex-Premature Infant. In: Stanley, T.H., Schafer, P.G. (eds) Pediatric and Obstetrical Anesthesia. Developments in Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesiology, vol 30. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0319-0_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0319-0_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4141-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-0319-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive