Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the axial skeleton and sacroiliac joints that, untreated, may progress with new bone formation to total bony ankylosis of the spinal column. The origin of the new bone in the axial skeleton occurs at the enthesis, i.e., the point of attachment of ligament to bone. This enthesitis may also occur peripherally, classically at sites such as the insertion of the Achilles tendon and of the plantar aponeurosis into the calcaneum. In addition, a proportion of cases have a seronegative, anodular inflammatory peripheral arthritis.
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Helliwell, P.S., Wright, V. (1991). Ankylosing spondylitis. In: Bellamy, N. (eds) Prognosis in the Rheumatic Diseases. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3896-3_6
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