Stationary Vacuum-Polarization “P Fields”: The Missing Element in Electromagnetism and Quantum Mechanics

Abstract

A spectroscopic analysis of electrons and photons shows that, with an extension of our usual concept of basis states, these particles admit essentially classical representations. By assigning mass and charge “lattices” to the vacuum state, we can define basic “particle-hole” and “antiparticle-antihole” vacuum-polarization excitation pairs, and we can deduce their equations of motion. We denote these (non-rotating) P-H and P-H pairs as “polarons” and “antipolarons.” With the aid of the polaron basis states, we can reproduce not only the photon, but also the “zeron,” which is the quantum of the wave packet that accompanies the photon. The photon is spectroscopically reproduced as a linked polaron-antipolaron pair in a rotational mode. The zeron is a rotating polaron that closely mimics the photon electromagnetically, but which carries only infinitesimal amounts of energy and momentum. In its motion through space, a wave train of rotating zerons induces a stationary polaron electric field pattern (a “P field”) of opposite polarity in the vacuum state. This static P field performs a number of crucial functions: (1) the P field “self-synchronizes” individual zerons into accurately correlated Ψ-wave packets, both for plane waves and for Ψ-wave interference patterns; (2) the electric field strength of the P field in overlapping interference regions is proportional to the square of the corresponding Ψ-wave amplitude, and in its steering mechanism this interference P field converts Ψ-wave amplitudes into quantum mechanical probability distributions; (3) the requirement that the P field must close on itself furnishes the quantization of atomic electron orbitals in accurate multiples of the de Broglie wavelength λ;(4) a pair of time-reversed (counter-rotating and spin-reversed) electrons, protons, or neutrons can share a common mutually-enhanced P field, thus creating the “pairing force” mechanism that dominates both atomic and nuclear structure, and which also leads to the Cooper pairs of superconductivity; (5) we can provide a physical basis for the Ψ-wave orthogonality relations that dictate atomic shell structure by imposing the requirement that the superposed P fields of two electrons in different orbitals do not (on the average) “steer” each other’s electrons. Classical electric E-field lines are reproduced as chains of linked polarons. and magnetic H-field lines are reproduced as linked-polaron loops, with the Lorentz force acting to prevent the collapse of the loops.