Skip to main content

The effects of ethinyl estradiol and conjugated equine estrogens on plasma lipids in oophorectomized women

  • Chapter
The Management of the Menopause & Post-Menopausal Years

Abstract

There have been reports1, 2 on the increased risk of both arterial and venous thrombosis in patients taking combined estrogen/progestogen oral contraceptives, and the synthetic estrogen has been particularly implicated3. Other workers have noted differences in behaviour between natural and synthetic estrogens4.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Collaborative Study (1973). Oral contraception and increased risk of cerebral ischemia or thrombosis. New Eng. J. Med., 288, 871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Inman, W. H. W. and Vessey, M. P. (1968). Investigations of deaths from pulmonary, coronary and cerebral thrombosis and embolism in women of child-bearing age. Brit. Med. J., ii, 193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Inman, W. H. W., Vessey, M. P., Westerholm, B. and Engelund, A. (1970). Thromboembolic disease and the steroidal content of oral contraceptives. A report to the Committee on Safety of Drugs. Brit. Med. J., ii, 203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Elkeles, R. S., Hampton, J. R. and Mitchell, J. R. A. (1968). Effect of oestrogens on human platelet behaviour. Lancet, ii, 315.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Kanncl, W. B., Castelli, W. P., Gordon, T. and McNamara, P. M. (1971). Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins and the risk of coronary heart disease: The Framingham Study. Ann. Intern. Med., 74, 1

    Google Scholar 

  6. Carlson, L. A. and Bottinger, L. E. (1972). Ischaemic heart disease in relation to fasting values of plasma triglycerides and cholesterol. Lancet, i, 865

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Robertson, G. and Cramp, D. G. (1970). An evaluation of cholesterol determinations in serum and serum lipoprotein fractions by a semi-automated fluorimetric method. J. Clin. Pathol., 23, 243

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kessler, G. and Lederer, H. (1966). Fluorimetric measurements of triglycerides. Automation in Analytical Chemistry (Editor: L. T. Skeggs) p. 341 (New York: Mediad Inc.)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Noble, R. P. (1968). Electrophoretic separation of plasma lipoproteins in agarose gel. J. Lipid Res., 9, 693

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Fearnley, G. R. and Tweed, J. M. (1953). Evidence of an active fibrinolytic enzyme in the plasma of normal people with observations of inhibition associated with the presence of calcium. Clin. Sci., 12, 81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Fearnley, G. R. and Chakrabarti, R. (1966). Fibrinolytic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with phenformin plus ethyloestrenol. Lancet, ii, 757

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Borchgrevinck, C. (1960). A method for measuring platelet adhesiveness in vivo. Acta Med. Scand., 168, 157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Eastham, R. D. (1962). An improved plasma recalcified clotting test and its modification as a simple rapid heparin retarded clotting test. J. Clin. Pathol., 15, 86

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Wynn, V., Doar, J. W. H., Mills, G. L. and Stokes, T. (1969). Fasting serum triglyceride, cholesterol and lipoprotein levels during oral contraceptive therapy. Lancet, ii, 756

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Stokes, T. and Wynn, V. (1971). Serum lipids in women on oral contraceptives. Lancet, ii, 677

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Snadjerman, M. and Oliver, M. F. (1963). Spontaneous premature menopause, ischaemic heart disease and serum lipids. Lancet, i, 962

    Google Scholar 

  17. Aitken, J. M., Lorimer, A. R., McKay Hart, D., Lawrie, T. D. V. and Smith, D. A. (1971). The effects of oophorectomy and long-term Mestranol therapy on the serum lipids of middle-aged women. Clin. Sci., 41, 597

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Stamler, J., Pick, R., Katz, L. N., Pick, A., Kaplan, B. M., Berkson, D. M. and Century, D. (1963). The effectiveness of estrogen therapy on myocardial infarction in middle-aged men. J. Amer. Med. Assoc., 183, 632

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Marmorsten, J., Moore, F. J., Hopkins, C. E., Kuzma, O. T. and Werner, J. (1962). Clinical studies of long-term estrogen therapy in men with myocardial infarction. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 110, 400

    Google Scholar 

  20. Robinson, R. W. and LeBeau, R.J. (1965). Effect of conjugated equine estrogens on serum lipids and the clotting mechanism. J. Atheroscl. Res., 5, 120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Furman, R. H., Alaupovic, P. and Howard, R. P: (1967). Effect of androgens and estrogens on serum lipids and the composition and concentrations of serum lipoproteins in normolipemic and hyperlipidemic states. Prog. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2, 215

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Utian, W. H. (1970). Cholesterol, coronary heart disease and estrogens. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cape Town

    Google Scholar 

  23. Boyd, G. S. (1963). Hormones and cholesterol metabolism. Biochem. Soc. Symp., 24. 79

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Leading Article (1972). Blood clotting and the Pill. Brit. Med. J., iv, 378

    Google Scholar 

  25. Bolton, C. H., Hampton, J. R. and Mitchell, J. R. A. (1968). Effect of oral contraceptive agents on platelets and plasma phospholipids. Lancet, i, 1336

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Coope, J., Thompson, J. M. and Poller, L. (1975). Effects of ‘natural oestrogen’ replacement therapy on menopausal symptoms and blood clotting. Brit. Med. J., iv, 139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Israel, S. L. (1967). In: Diagnosis and Treatment of Menstrual Disorders and Sterility, 5th Edn. p. 41. (New York: Hoeber Medical Division, Harper and Row)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Yannone, M. E. (1967). The use of hormones in the menopause. J. Iowa Med. Soc., 57, 1099

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kistner, R. W. (1967). Feminine for ever? An evaluation of therapy during the peri-menopause. Med. Sci., 18, 42

    Google Scholar 

  30. Rudel, H. W. and Kincl, F. A. (1966). The biology of anti-fertility steroids. Acta Endocrinol., 51, Suppl. 105

    Google Scholar 

  31. Schalch, D. S., Parlow, A. F., Boon, R. C., Reichlin, S. and Lee, L. A. (1968). Measurement of human luteinising hormone in plasma by radioimmunoassay. J. Clin. Invest., 47, 665

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Wise, A. J., Gross, M. A. and Schalch, D. S. (1973). Quantitative relationships of the pituitary-gonadal axis in post-menopausal women. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 81, 28

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hazzard, W. R., Spiger, M. J., Bagdade, J. P. and Bierman, E. L. (1969). Studies on the mechanism of increased plasma triglyceride levels induced by oral contraceptives. New Eng. J. Med., 280, 471

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Adams, J. H., Mitchell, J. R. A. and Soppitt, G. D. (1970). Effect of oral contraceptives on lipoprotein lipase activity and platelet stickiness. Lancet, ii, 333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Rössner, S., Larsson-Cohn, U., Carlson, L. A. and Boberg, J. (1971). Effects of an oral contraceptive agent on plasma lipids, plasma lipoproteins, the intravenous fat tolerance and post-heparin lipolytic activity. Acta Med. Scand., 190, 301

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1976 MTP Press Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bolton, C.H. (1976). The effects of ethinyl estradiol and conjugated equine estrogens on plasma lipids in oophorectomized women. In: Campbell, S. (eds) The Management of the Menopause & Post-Menopausal Years. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6165-7_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6165-7_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-011-6167-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-6165-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics