Skip to main content

The Emergence of Descriptive Set Theory

  • Chapter
From Dedekind to Gödel

Part of the book series: Synthese Library ((SYLI,volume 251))

Abstract

Descriptive set theory is the definability theory of the continuum, the study of the structural properties of definable sets of reals. Motivated initially by constructivist concerns, a major incentive for the subject was to investigate the extent of the regularity properties, those properties indicative of well-behaved sets of reals. With origins in the work of the French analysts Borel, Baire, and Lebesgue at the turn of the century, the subject developed progressively from Suslin’s work on the analytic sets in 1916, until Gödel around 1937 established a delimitative result by showing that if V = L, there are simply defined sets of reals that do not possess the regularity properties. In the ensuing years Kleene developed what turned out to be an effective version of the theory as a generalization of his foundational work in recursion theory, and considerably refined the earlier results.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • Addison, John W.: 1959, ‘Some Consequences of the Axiom of Constructibility’, Fundament Mathematicae 46, 337–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aleksandrov, Pavel S.: 1916, ‘Sur la puissance des ensembles mesurbles B’, Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 162, 323–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aleksandrov, Pavel S.: 1972, ‘Pages from an Autobiography’, Russian Mathematical Surveys 34 (6), 267–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baire, René: 1898, ‘Sur les fonctions discontinues qui se rattachment aux fonctions continues’, Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 129, 1621–1623.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baire, René: 1899, ‘Sur les fonctions de variables réelles’, Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata 3 (3), 1–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baire, René: 1906, ‘Sur la représentation des fonctions discontinues. Première partie’, Acta Mathematica 30, 1–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baire, René: 1909, ‘Sur la représentation des fonctions discontinues. Deuxième partie’, Acta Mathematica 32, 97–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bendixson, Ivar: 1883, ‘Quelques théorèmes de la théorie des ensembles de points’, Acta Mathematica 2, 415–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borel, Emile: 1898, Leçons sur la théorie des fonctions, Gauthier-Villars, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borel, Emile: 1905, Leçons sur les fonctions de variables réelles et les développements en series de polynomes, Gauthier-Villars, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brouwer, Luitzen E. J.: 1906, Over de Grondslagen der Wiskunde, Maas van Suchtelen, Amsterdam. Translated in [1975] below, pp. 11–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brouwer, Luitzen E. J.: 1975, Collected Works, vol. 1, edited by Arend Heyting, North-Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantor, Georg: 1883, ‘über unendliche, lineare Punktmannichfaltigkeiten. V’, Mathematicshe Annalen 21, 545–591. Reprinted in [1966] below, pp. 165–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantor, Georg: 1884, ‘Ube unendliche, linear Punktmannichfaltigkeiten. VI’, Mathematicshe Annalen 23, 453–488. Reprinted in [1966] below, pp. 210–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantor, Georg: 1966, Gesammelte Abehandlungen, edited by Ernst Zermelo. Hildesheim, Georg Olms Verlag. Reprint of the original 1932 edition, Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feferman, Solomon and Azriel Levy: 1963, ‘Independence Results in Set Theory by Cohen’s Method. II (abstract)’, Notices of the American Mathematical Society 10, 593.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gödel, Kurt F.: 1930, ‘Die Vollständigkeit der Axiome des logischen Funktionenkalküls’, Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik 37, 349–360. Reprinted and translated in [1986] below, pp. 102–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gödel, Kurt F.: 1931, ‘über formal unentscheidbare Sätze der Principia Mathematica und verwandter Systeme I’, Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik 38, 173–198. Reprinted and translated in [1986] below, pp. 145–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gödel, Kurt F.: 1938, ‘The Consistency of the Axiom of Choice and of the Generalized Continuum-Hypothesis’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 24, 556–557. Reprinted in [1990] below, pp. 26–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gödel, Kurt F.: 1951, The Consistency of the Axiom of Choice and of the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis with the Axioms of Set Theory,Annals of Mathematics Studies #3, Princeton University Press, Princeton. Second printing. Reprinted in [1990] below, pp. 33–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gödel, Kurt F.: 1986, Collected Works, vol. 1, edited by Solomon Feferman et al., Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gödel, Kurt F.: 1990, Collected Works,vol. 2, edited by Solomon Feferman et al.,Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hausdorff, Felix: 1908, ‘Grundzüge einer Theorie der geordneten Mengen’, Mathematische Annalen 65, 435–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hausdorff, Felix: 1914, Grundzüge der Mengenlehre, de Gruyter, Leipzig. Reprinted in Chelsea, New York (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hausdorff, Felix: 1916, Die Mächtigkeit der Borelschen Mengen’, Mathematische Annalen 77, 430–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, Thomas W.: 1975, Lebesgue’s Theory of Integration. Its Origins and Development, Second edition, Chelsea, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanovei, V. G.: 1985, ‘The Development of the Descriptive Theory of Sets under the Influence of the Work of Luzin’, Russian Mathematical Surveys 40 (3), 135–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keisler, H. Jerome: 1962, ‘Some Applications of the Theory of Models to Set Theory’, in Ernest Nagel, Patrick Suppes and Alfred Tarski (eds.), Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. Proceedings of the International Congress, Stanford, Stanford University Press, Stanford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keldysh, Ljudmila V.: 1974, ‘The Ideas of N. N. Luzin in Descriptive Set Theory’, Russian Mathematical Surveys 29 (5), 179–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kleene, Stephen C.: 1943, ‘Recursive Predicates and Quantifiers’, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 53, 41–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kleene, Stephen C.: 1955, ‘On the Forms of Predicates in the Theory of Constructive Ordinals (second paper)’, American Journal of Mathematics 77, 405–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kleene, Stephen C.: 1955a, ‘Arithmetical Predicates and Function Quantifiers’, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 79, 312–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kleene, Stephen C.: 1955b, ‘Hierarchies of Number-Theoretic Predicates’, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 61, 193–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kondô, Motokiti: 1937, ‘L’uniformisation des complémentaires analytiques’, Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Japan 13, 287–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kondô, Motokiti: 1939, ‘Sur l’uniformisation des complémentaires analytiques et les ensembles projectifs de la seconde classe’, Japanese Journal of Mathematics 15, 197–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreisel, Georg: 1980, ‘Kurt Gödel, 28 April 1906–14 January 1978’, Biographical Memoirs of the Fellows of the Royal Society 26, 149–224. Corrections 27 (1981), 697, and 28 (1982), 718.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuratowski, Kazimierz: 1922, ‘Une méthode d’elimination des nombres transfinis des raisonnements mathématiques’, Fundamenta Mathematicae 3, 76–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuratowski, Kazimierz: 1931, ‘Evaluation de la classe Borélienne ou projective d’un ensemble de points à l’aide des symboles logiques’, Fundamenta Mathematicae 17, 249–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuratowski, Kazimierz: 1966, Topology, vol. 1, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuratowski, Kazimierz: 1980, A Half Century of Polish Mathematics. Remembrances and Reflections, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuratowski, Kazimierz and Alfred Tarski: 1931, ‘Les opérations logiques et les ensembles projectifs’, Fundamenta Mathematicae 17, 240–248. Reprinted in Steven R. Givant and Ralph N. McKenzie (eds.), Alred Tarski. Collected Papers. Birkhäuser 1986, Basel, vol. 1, 551–559.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuzawa, Mary G.: 1968, Modern Mathematics. The Genesis of a School in Poland, College University Press, New Haven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavrent’ev, Mikhail A.: 1974, ‘Nikolai Nikolaevich Luzin’, Russian Mathematical Surveys 29 (5), 173–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lebesgue, Henri: 1902, ‘Intégrale, longueur, aire’, Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata 7 (3), 231–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lebesgue, Henri: 1905, ‘Sur les fonctions représentables analytiquement’, Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées 1(6), 139–216. Reprinted in (1972) below, vol. 3, pp. 103–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lebesgue, Henri: 1972, Oeuvres Scientifiques, Kundig, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, Azriel: 1965, ‘Definability in Axiomatic Set Theory I’, in Yehoshua Bar-Hillel (ed.), Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. Proceedings of the 1964 International Congress, Jerusalem, North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 127–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luzin, Nikolai N.: 1917, ‘Sur la classification de M. Baire’, Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 164, 91–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luzin, Nikolai N.: 1925, ‘Sur un problème de M. Emile Borel et les ensembles projectifs de M. Henri Lebesgue; les ensembles analytiques’, Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 180, 1318–1320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luzin, Nikolai N.: 1925a, ‘Sur les ensembles projectifs de M. Henri Lebesgue’, Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 180, 1572–1574.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luzin, Nikolai N.: 1925b, ‘Les Propriétés des ensembles projectifs’, Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 180, 1817–1819.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luzin, Nikolai N.: 1925c, ‘Sur les ensembles non mesurables B et l’emploi de diagonale Cantor’, Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 181, 95–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luzin, Nikolai N.: 1926, ‘Mémoires sur les ensembles analytiques et projectifs’, Matematicheskii Sbornik 33, 237–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luzin, Nikolai N.: 1927, ‘Sur les ensembles analytiques’, Fundamenta Mathematicae 10, 1–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luzin, Nikolai N.: 1930, Leçons sur Les Ensembles Analytiques et Leurs Applications, Gauthier-Villars, Paris. Reprinted with corrections in Chelsea, New York (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Luzin, Nikolai N.: 1930a, ‘Sur le problème de M. J. Hadamard d’uniformisation des ensembles’, Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences 190, 349–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luzin, Nikolai N. and Petr S. Novikov: 1935, ‘Choix éffectif d’un point dans un complémentaire analytique arbitraire, donné par un crible’, Fundamenta Mathematicae 25, 559–560.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luzin, Nikolai N. and Wactaw Sierphiski: 1918, ‘Sur quelques propriétés des ensembles (A)’, Bulletin de l’Académie des Sciences Cracovie, Classe des Sciences Mathématiques, Série A, 35–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luzin, Nikolai N. and Wactaw Sierpitiski: 1923, ‘Sur un ensemble non mesurable B’, Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées 2 (9), 53–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, Donald A. and John R. Steel: 1988, ‘Projective determinacy’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 85, 6582–6586.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, Donald A. and John R. Steel: 1989, ‘A proof of Projective Determinacy’, Journal of the American Mathematical Society 2, 71–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mirimanoff, Dmitry: 1917, ‘Les antinomies de Russell et de Burali-Forti et le problème fondamental de la théorie des ensembles’, L’Enseignment Mathematique 19, 37–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, Gregory H.: 1982, Zermelo’s Axiom of Choice. Its Origins, Development and Influence, Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moschovakis, Yiannis N.: 1980, Descriptive Set Theory, North-Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mostowski, Andrzej M.: 1949, ‘An Undecidable Arithmetical Statement’, Fundamenta Mathematicae 36, 143–164. Reprinted in Kazimierz Kuratowski et al. (eds.), Foundational Studies. Selected Works, vol. 1 ( 1979 ), North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 531–552.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novikov, Petr S.: 1931, ‘Sur les fonctions implicites mesurables B’, Fundamenta Mathematicae 17, 8–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novikov, Petr S.: 1951, ‘On the Consistency of Some Propositions of the Descriptive Theory of Sets (in Russian)’, Trudy Matematiéeskogo Instituat imeni V.A. Steklova 38, 279–316. Translated in American Mathematical Society Translations 29, 51–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, Esther R.: 1978, ‘Nicolai Nicolaevich Luzin and the Moscow School of the Theory of Functions’, Historia Mathematica 5, 275–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poincaré, Henri: 1906, ‘Les mathématiques et la logique’, Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 14, 17–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoenflies, Arthur: 1905, ‘über wohlgeordnete Mengen’, Mathematische Annalen 60, 181–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, Dana S.: 1961, ‘Measurable Cardinals and Constructible Sets’, Bulletin de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences, Série des Sciences Mathématiques, Astronomiques et Physiques 9, 521–524.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sierpiriski, Waclaw: 1925, ‘Sur une classe d’ensembles’, Fundamenta Mathematicae 7, 237–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sierpiríski, Waclaw: 1930, ‘Sur l’uniformisation des ensembles mesurables (B)’, Fundamenta Mathematicae 16, 136–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sierpinski, Waclaw: 1950, Les ensembles projectifs et analytiques, Mémorial des Sciences Mathématiques #112, Gauthier-Villars, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skolem, Thoralf: 1923, ‘Einige Bemerkung zur axiomatischen Begründung der Mengenlehre’, in Matematikerkongressen i Helsingfors 4–7 Juli 1922, Dem femte skandinaviska matematikerkongressen, Redogörelse, Akademiska Bokhandeln, Helsinki, pp. 217–232. Reprinted in [1970] below, pp. 137–152. Translated in van Heijenoort [ 1967 ], pp. 290–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skolem, Thoralf: 1970., Fenstad, Jens E. (ed.) Selected Works in Logic, Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelah, Sahron: 1984, ‘Can You Take Solovay’s Inaccessible Away?’, Israel Journal of Matematics 48, 1–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solovay, Robert M.: 1965, ‘The Measure Problem (abstract)’, Notices of the American Mathematical Society 13, 217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solovay, Robert M.: 1969, ‘The Cardinality of EZ Sets of Reals’, in Jack J. Bullof, Thomas C. Holyoke and S. W. Hahn (eds.), Foundations of Mathematics. Symposium papers commemorating the sixtieth birthday of Kurt Gödel, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 58–73.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Solovay, Robert M.: 1970, ‘A Model of Set Theory in which Every Set of Reals is Lebesgue Measurable’, Annals of Mathematics 92, 1–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suslin, Mikhail Ya.: 1917, ‘Sur une définition des ensembles mesurables B sans nombres transfinis’, Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 164, 88–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uspenskii, Vladimir A.: 1985, ‘Luzin’s Contribution to the Descriptive Theory of Sets and Functions: Concepts, Problems, Predictions’, Russian Mathematicai Surveys 40 (3), 97–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uspenskii, Vladimir A. and Kanovei, V. G.: 1983, ‘Luzin’s Problem on Constituents and Their Fate’, Moscow University Mathematics Bulletin 38 (6), 86–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Heijenoort, Jean (ed.): 1967, From Frege to Gödel: A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879–1931, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Neumann, John: 1925, ‘Eine Axiomatisierung der Mengenlehre’, Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik 154, 219–240. Reprinted in [1961] below, vol. 1, pp. 34–56. Translated in van Heijenoort [ 1967 ], pp. 393–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Neumann, John: 1949, ‘On Rings of Operators. Reduction Theory’, Annals of Mathematics 50, 401–485. Reprinted in [1961] below, vol. 3, pp. 400–484.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Neumann, John: 1961, Taub, Abraham H. (ed.), John von Neumann. Collected Works, Pergamon Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodin, W. Hugh: 1988, ‘Supercompact Cardinals, Sets of Reals, and Weakly Homogeneous Trees’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 85, 6587–6591.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yankov, V.: 1941, ‘Sur l’uniformisation des ensembles A’, Doklady Akademiia Nauk SSSR 30, 597–598.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, William H.: 1903, ‘Zur Lehre der nicht abgeschlossenen Punktmengen’, Berichte über die Verhandlungen der Königlich Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, Mathematisch-Physische Klasse 55, 287–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zermelo, Ernst: 1930, ‘über Grenzzahlen und Mengenbereiche: Neue undersuchungen über die Grundlagen der Mengenlehre’, Fundamenta Mathematicae 16, 29–47.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kanamori, A. (1995). The Emergence of Descriptive Set Theory. In: Hintikka, J. (eds) From Dedekind to Gödel. Synthese Library, vol 251. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8478-4_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8478-4_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4554-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-8478-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics