Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Water Quality Monitoring and Network Design

  • Chapter
Environmental Data Management

Part of the book series: Water Science and Technology Library ((WSTL,volume 27))

Abstract

In recent years, shortcomings of both the available data on water quality and the existing networks have led designers to focus more critically on the design procedures used. Within this respect, this chapter addresses the prevailing problems associated with water quality monitoring networks and discusses current attempts towards improvement of existing networks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adriaanse, M.J., van de Kraats, J., Stoks, P.G., and Ward, R.C. (1995) Conclusions monitoring tailor made, in: Proceedings, Monitoring Tailor-Made, An International Workshop on Monitoring and Assessment in Water Management, Sept. 20–23, pp. 345–347. Beekbergen, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alkan, A., Ozkul, S., Alpaslan, N., and Harmancioglu, N. (1995) Developments of water quality monitoring networks in Turkey and other countries (in Turkish), Turkish Chamber of Civil Engineers, 13 th Technical Congress, Proceedings, pp. 559–572.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alpaslan, N. and Harmancioglu, N.B. (1990) Water Quality Monitoring-Site Selection, Stuttgart, Seminar Umweltschutz, Sept. 1990, pp. 185–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alpaslan, N., Harmancioglu, N.B., and Singh, V.P. (1992) The role of the entropy concept in design and evaluation of water quality monitoring networks, in V.P. Singh and M. Fiorentino (eds.), Entropy and Energy Dissipation in Water Resources. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Water Science and Technology Library, Dordecht (pp. 261–282.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, M.B. and Finney, B.A. (1987) Operational water quality management: Problem context and evaluation of a Model for river quality, Water Resources Research 23(11), 2030–2042.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, D. (ed.) (1992) Water Quality Assessments, (published on behalf of UNESCO, WMO and UNEP), Chapman & Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotter, A.J.R. (1985) Water quality surveys: a statistical method based on determinism, quantiles and the binomial distribution, Water Research 19(9), 1179–1189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dafoe, T.J., Watt, E.R., and Stevens, R. (1986) Water quality monitoring branch activities: a dynamic approach to evolving issues, in: R.C. Ward, J.C. Loftis, and G.B. McBride (eds.), Proceedings, International Symposium on the Design of Water Quality Information Systems, Fort Collins, CSU Information Series no. 61, pp. 47–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dandy, G.C. and Moore, S.F. (1979) Water quality sampling programs in rivers, J. of Env. Eng. Div., ASCE 105(EE4), 695–712.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawdy, D.R. (1979) The worth of hydrologic data, Water Resources Research 15, 1726–1732.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, W. and Chiswell, B. (1996) Review of aquatic monitoring program design, Water Research 30(9), 1935–1948.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, V.L. (1982) Hydrologic data network design by modified Langbein Method, in: V.P. Singh (ed), Modeling Components of Hydrologie Cycle, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Rainfall Modeling, May 1981, Water Resources Publications, pp. 51–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu, N.B. (1997) The need for integrated approaches to environmental data management, in: N.B. Harmancioglu, M.N. Alpaslan, S.D. Ozkul and V.P. Singh (eds.), Integrated Approach to Environmental Data Management Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, NATO ASI Series, 2. Environment, vol. 31, pp. 3–14.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu, N. B. (1994) An entropy based approach to station discontinuance, in: (K. W. Hipel et al. (eds.), Stochastic and Statistical Methods in Hydrology and Environmental Engineering, Vol. 10/3 (Time Series Analysis in Hydrology and Environmental Engineering), Kluwer, Water Science and Technology Library, pp. 163–176.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu, N. and Tokgoz, S. (1995) Selection of sampling frequencies in water quality monitoring network design (in Turkish), Journal of Water Pollution Control 5(1),. 9–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu, N.B. and Alpaslan, N. (1994) Basic approaches to design of water quality monitoring networks, Elsevier, Water Science and Technology 30(10), 49–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu, N.B. and Alpaslan, N. (1992) Water quality monitoring network design: a problem of multi-objective decision making, Water Resources Bulletin 28(1), 179–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu, N.B., and Singh, V.P. (1991) An information-based approach to monitoring and evaluation of water quality data in advances in water resources technology, in: G. Tsakiris (ed.), ECOWARM, Proceedings of the European Conference on Advances in Water Resources Technology, (Abstract: Water Resources Management, n.4/4, Dec. 1990), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Athens, pp. 377–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu, N.B. and Yevjevich, V. (1986) Transfer of Information Among Water Quality Variables of the Potomac River, Phase III: Transferable and Transferred Information, Report to D.C. Water Resources Research Center of the University of the District of Columbia, Washington, D.C., June 1986, 81p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu, N.B., Alpaslan, M.N., and Ozkul, S.D. (1997) Conclusions and recommendations, in: N.B. Harmancioglu, M.N. Alpaslan, S.D. Ozkul and V.P. Singh (eds.), Integrated Approach to Environmental Data Management Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, NATO ASI Series, 2. Environment, vol. 31, pp. 423–434.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu, N. B., Alpaslan, N., and Singh, V. P. (1994) Design of a basin-wide water quality monitoring network in Turkey, in: G. Tsakiris and M.A. Santos (eds.), Advances in Water Resources Technology and Management, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 29–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu, N.B., Singh, V.P., and Alpaslan, N. (1992) Design of water quality monitoring networks, in: R.N. Chowdhury (ed.), Geomechanics and Water Engineering in Environmental Management, A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, ch. 8, pp. 267–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu, N.B., Ozer, A., and Alpaslan, N. (1987) Procurement of water quality information (in Turkish), IX. Technical Congress of Civil Engineering, Proceedings, the Turkish Society of Civil Engineers, v. II, pp. 113–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu, N.B., Alkan, A., Alpaslan, N., and Singh, V.P. (1996) Entropy-based approaches to assessment of monitoring networks, in: K.S. Tickle, I.C. Goulter, C. Xu, S.A. Wasimi, and F. Bouchait (eds.), Stochastic Hydraulic’96, Proceedings of the Seventh IAHR International Symposium, Mackay, Queensland, Australia, A.A. Balkema Publishers, pp. 183–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmancioglu, N., Alpaslan, N., Alkan, A., Ozkul, S., Mazlum, S., and Fistikogiu, O. (1994 a) Design and Evaluation of Water Quality Monitoring Networks for Environmental Management (in Turkish), Report prepared for the research project granted by TUBITAK, Scientific and Technical Council of Turkey, Project Code: DEBAG-23, Izmir, 514 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hipel, K.W. (1988) Nonparametric approaches to environmental impact assessment, Water Resources Bulletin, AWRA, 24(3), 487–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, R.M. (1988) Statistical methods and sampling design for estimating step trends in surface-water quality, Water Resources Bulletin, AWRA, 24(3), 493–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horton, R.E. (1945) Erosional development of streams, Geological Society Am. Bull, 56, 281–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huthmann, G. (1979) Modeling of water quality systems by multiple frequency response analysis, in: H.J. Morel-Seytoux (ed.), Surface and Subsurface Hydrology, Proceedings of the Forth Collins Third International Hydrology Symposium on Theoretical and Applied Hydrology, July 27–29, 1977, Water Resources Publications, pp. 662–681.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karpuzcu, M., Senes, S. and Akkoyunlu, A. (1987) Design of monitoring systems for water quality by principal component analysis and a case study, Proceedings, Int. Symp. on Environmental Management: Environment’87, pp. 673–690.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwiatkowski, R.E. (1986) The importance of design quality control to a national monitoring program, in: A.H. El-Shaarawi and R.E. Kwiatkowski (eds.), Statistical Aspects of Water Quality Monitoring, Elsevier, Proceedings of the workshop held at Canada Centre Inland Waters, October 1985, pp. 79–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lachance, M., Bobee, B., and Haemmerli, J. (1989) Methodology for the planning and operation of a water quality network with temporal and spatial objectives: application to acid lakes in Quebec, in: R.C. Ward, J.C. Loftis and G.B. McBride (eds.), Proceedings, International Symposium on the Design of Water Quality Information Systems, Fort Collins, CSU Information Series no. 61, pp. 145–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langbein, W.B. (1979) Overview of conference on hydrologic data networks, Water Resources Research 15(6), 1867–1871.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lettenmaier, D.P. (1988) Multivariate nonparametric tests for trend in water quality, Water Resources Bulletin, AWRA 24(3), 505–512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lettenmaier, D.P. (1979) Dimensionality problems in water quality network design, Water Resources Research 15, 1692–1700.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lettenmaier, D.P. (1976) Detection of trends in water quality data from records with dependent observations, Water Resources Research 12, 1037–1046.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liebetrau, A.M. (1979) Water quality sampling: some statistical considerations, Water Resources Research 15, 1717–1725.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Literathy, P. (1997) Transboundary water pollution monitoring: data validation and interpretation, in: N.B. Harmancioglu, M.N. Alpaslan, S.D. Ozkul and V.P. Singh (eds.), Integrated Approach to Environmental Data Management Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, NATO ASI Series, 2. Environment, vol. 31, pp. 199–214.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Loftis, J.C., McBride, G.B., and Ellis, J.C. (1991) Considerations of scale in water quality monitoring and data analysis, A WRA, Water Resources Bulletin 27(2), 255–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacKenzie, M., Palmer, R.N. and Millard, S.T. (1987) Analysis of statistical monitoring network design, J. of Water Resources Planning and Management 113(5), 599–615.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McNeil, V.H., McNeil, A.G. and Poplawski, W.A. (1989) Development of water quality monitoring system in Queensland, in: R.C. Ward, J.C. Loftis and G.B. McBride (eds), Proceedings, International Symposium on the Design of Water Quality Information Systems, Fort Collins, CSU Information Series No. 61, pp. 73–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss, ME. (1989) Water quality data in the information age, in: R.C. Ward, J.C. Loftis, and G.B. McBride (eds.), Proceedings, International Symposium on the Design of Water Quality Information Systems, Fort Collins, CSU Information Series No. 61, pp. 8–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss, M.E. (1979a) Some basic considerations in the design of hydrologic data networks, Water Resources Research 15(6), 1673–1676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moss, M.E. (1979b) Space, time and the third dimension (model error), Water Resources Research 15(6), 1797–1800.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moss, M.E. (1976) Decision theory and its application to network design, in: Hydrological Network Design and Information Transfer, World Meteorological Organization, WMO, no. 433, Geneva, Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss, M.E. and Karlinger, M.R. (1974) Surface water network design by regression analysis simulation, Water Resources Research 10(3), 425–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, D.K. (1989) Use of box plots and trend analyses to evaluate sampling frequency at water quality monitoring sites, in: R.C. Ward, J.C. Loftis, and G.B. McBride (eds.), Proceedings, International Symposium on the Design of Water Quality Information Systems, Fort Collins, CSU Information Series No. 61, pp. 88–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naidu, B.R. and Khan, K.R. (1987) Water quality monitoring data analysis-case studies on rivers Sabarmati, Godavari and Mahi, Proceedings, Int. Symp. on Environmental Management: Environment’87, pp. 993–1012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niederlander, H.A.G., Dogterom, J., Buijs, P.H.L., Hupkes, R., and Adriaanse, M. (1996) UN/ECE Task Force on Monitoring & Assessment, Working Programme 1994/1995, Volume:5: State of the Art on Monitoring and Assessment of Rivers, RIZA report: 95.068.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ongley, E.D. (1994) Global water quality information needs-GEMS/WATER, in: Advances in Water Quality Monitoring — Report of a WMO Regional Workshop (Vienna, 7–11 March 1994), World Meteorological Organization, Technical Reports in Hydrology and Water Resources, No. 42, WMO/TD-NO 612, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 32–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozkul, S. D. (1996) Space/Time Design of Water Quality Monitoring Networks by the Entropy Method, Ph. D. Thesis on Civil Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir, 196 p., (Advisor: Prof. Dr. N. B. Harmancioglu).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozkul, S., Fistikoglu, O., Harmancioglu, N.B., and Singh, V.P. (1996) Statistical evaluation of monitoring networks in space/time dimensions, in: K.S. Tickle, I.C. Goulter, C. Xu, S.A. Wasimi, and F. Bouchart (eds.), Stochastic Hydraulic ‘96, Proceedings of the Seventh IAHR International Symposium, Mackay, Queensland, Australia, A.A. Balkema Publishers, pp. 357–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozkul, S., Alkan, A., Harmancioglu, N., and Alpaslan, N. (1995) Evaluation of sampling frequencies in the design of water quality monitoring networks, in: Proceedings, Advances in Civil Engineering, Second Technical Congress, September 18–20, 1995, Bogazici University, Istanbul, pp. 302–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, R.N. and MacKenzie, M. (1985) Optimization of water quality monitoring networks, J. of Water Resources Planning and Management 111(4), 478–493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paulson, R.W. (1994) Observing the hydrological cycle in the western hemisphere via GOES-a first step towards WHYCOS?, in: Advances in Water Quality Monitoring — Report of a WMO Regional Workshop (Vienna, 7–11 March 1994), World Meteorological Organization, Technical Reports in Hydrology and Water Resources, No. 42, WMO/TD-NO 612, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 302–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Praskins, W. (1989) Monitoring to improve decision making in EPA and state surface water quality problems, in: R.C. Ward, J.C. Loftis, and G.B. McBride (eds.), Proceedings, International Symposium on the Design of Water Quality Information Systems, Fort Collins, CSU Information Series No. 61, 54–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quimpo, R.G. and Yang, J. (1970) Sampling considerations in stream discharge and temperature measurements, Water Resources Research 6(16), 1771–1774.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reinelt, L.E., Horner, R.R., and Mar, B.W. (1988) Nonpoint source pollution monitoring program design, J. of Water Resources Planning and Management 114(3), 335–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richards, R.P. (1989) Determination of sampling frequency for pollutant load estimation using flow information only, in: R.C. Ward, J.C. Loftis, and G.B. McBride (eds), Proceedings, International Symposium on the Design of Water Quality Information Systems, Fort Collins, CSU Information Series no. 61, pp. 136–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders T.G. (1988) Water quality monitoring networks in water and wastewater systems analysis, D. Stephenson (ed.), Elsevier Science Publishers, The Netherlands, B. V., pp. 204–216.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, T.G., and Adrian, D.D. (1978) Sampling frequency for river quality monitoring, Water Resources Research 14, 569–576.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, T.G., Ward, R.C., Loftis, J.C., Steele, T.D., Adrian, D.D., and Yevjevich, V. (1983) Design of Networks for Monitoring Water Quality, Water Resources Publications, Littleton, Colorado, 328p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schad, T.M. (1984) Introduction, in: T.M. Schad (ed.), Options for Reaching Water Quality Goals, Symposium Proceedings, 20th Annual Conference of AWRA, Washington, D.C., 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger, A.E. (1965) The Algebra of Stream Order Number, U.S. Geological Survey, Prof. Paper 525-B, B187–B189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schilperoort, T., Groot, S., Wetering, B.G.M., and Dijkman, F. (1982) Optimization of the Sampling Frequency of Water Quality Monitoring Networks, “Waterloopkundig” Laboratium Delft, Hydraulics Lab, Delft, the Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, W.E. (1971) A topologically optimum water — sampling plan for rivers and streams, Water Resources Research 7(6), 1641–1646.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, W.E. (1970) Stream order as a measure of sample uncertainty, Water Resources Research 6(3), 919–926.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Starosolsky, O. (ed.) (1987) Applied Surface Hydrology, Water Resources Publications, Littleton, Colorado, pp. 175–380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tasker, G.D. and Moss, E.M. (1979) Analysis of Arizona flood data network for regional information, Water Resources Research 15(6), 1791–1796.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Timmerman, J.G., Gardner, M.J., and Ravenscraft, J.E. (1996) UN/ECE Task Force on Monitoring and Assessment, Working Programme 1994/1995, Volume:4: Quality Assurance. RIZA report: 95.067.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tirsch, F.S. and Male, J.W. (1984) River basin water quality monitoring network design: options for reaching water quality goals, in: T.M. Schad (ed.), Proceedings of Twentieth Annual Conference of American Water Resources Associations, AWRA Publications, pp. 149–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tokgoz, S. (1992) Temporal Design of Water Quality Monitoring Networks, Master of Science thesis in Civil Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO-WMO (1972) hydrologic Information Systems: Studies and Reports in Hydrology, (G.W. Whetstone, and J.J. Grigoriev (ed.)), prepared by the Panel on SAPHYDATA, no. 14, 74p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valiela, D. and Whitfield, P.H. (1989) Monitoring strategies to determine compliance with water quality objectives, Water Resources Bulletin, AWRA 25, 63–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, R.C. (1996) Water quality monitoring: where’s the beef?, Water Resources Bulletin 32(4), 673–680.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, R.C. (1989) Water quality monitoring — a systems approach to design, in: R.C. Ward, J.C. Loftis, and G.B. McBride (eds.), Proceedings, International Symposium on the Design of Water Quality Information Systems, Fort Collins, CSU Information Series No. 61, 37–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, R.C. and Loftis, J.C. (1986) Establishing statistical design criteria for water quality monitoring systems: Review and synthesis, Water Resources Bulletin, AWRA 22(5), 759–767.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, R.C., J.C. Loftis and G.B. McBride (1990) Design of Water Quality Monitoring Systems, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, R.C., Loftis, J.C., and McBride, G.B. (eds.) (1989) Proceedings International Symposium on the design of Water Quality Information Systems, Information Series No. 61, Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, 472 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, R.C; Loftis, J.C; and McBride, G.B. (1986) The data-rich but information-poor syndrome in water quality monitoring, Environmental Management 10, 291–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, R.C., Loftis, J.C., Nielsen, K.S., and Anderson, R.D. (1979) Statistical evaluation of sampling frequencies in monitoring networks, J. of WPCF 51(9), 2292–2300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warn, A.E. (1988) Auditing the quality of effluent discharges, in: Workshop on Statistical Methods for the Assessment of Point Source Pollution, 12–14 September, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitfield, P.H. (1997) Designing and redesigning environmental monitoring programs from an ecosystem perspective, in: N.B. Harmancioglu, M.N. Alpaslan, S.D. Ozkul and V.P. Singh (eds.), Integrated Approach to Environmental Data Management Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, NATO ASI Series, 2. Environment, vol. 31, pp. 107–116.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Whitfield, P.H. (1988) Goals and data collection designs for water quality monitoring, Water Resources Bulletin, AWRA 24(4), 775–780.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitfield, P. and Clark, M. (1997) Driving forces, Water Quality International March/April 1997, 20–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitfield P.H and Wade, N. (1992) Monitoring transient water quality events electronically, Water Resources Bulletin 28(4), 703–711.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitlatch, E.E. (1989) Spatial adequacy of NASQAN water quality data in Ohio river basin, J. of Env. Eng. 115(1), 173–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WMO (1994) Advances in Water Quality Monitoring — Report of a WMO Regional Workshop (Vienna, 7–11 March 1994), World Meteorological Organization, Technical Reports in Hydrology and Water Resources, No. 42, WMO/TD-NO 612, Geneva, Switzerland, 332 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, E.F. (1979) A statistical approach to station discontinuance, Water Resources Research 15(6), 1859–1866.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yevjevich, V. and Harmancioglu, N.B. (1985) Modeling Water Quality Variables of Potomac River at the Entrance to its Estuary, Phase II (Correlation of Water Quality Variables within the Framework of Structural Analysis), Report to D.C. Water Resources Research Center of the University of the District of Columbia, Washington, D.C., Sept. 1985, 59p.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. N. B. Harmancioglu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. D. Ozkul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. N. Alpaslan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Civil Engineering Department, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey

    Nilgun B. Harmancioglu

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

    Vijay P. Singh

  3. Environmental Engineering Department, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey

    M. Necdet Alpaslan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Harmancioglu, N.B., Ozkul, S.D., Alpaslan, M.N. (1998). Water Quality Monitoring and Network Design. In: Harmancioglu, N.B., Singh, V.P., Alpaslan, M.N. (eds) Environmental Data Management. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 27. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9056-3_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9056-3_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4951-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-015-9056-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation