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Molecular Characterization of the Mycorrhizas of Woody Plants

  • Chapter
Molecular Biology of Woody Plants

Part of the book series: Forestry Sciences ((FOSC,volume 66))

Abstract

The term mycorrhiza, literally translated as “fungus root”, denotes the presence of a functional and structural union between a fungus and the root system of a plant. These symbioses are an integral component of below-ground ecosystems, and crucial links in nutrient processes. Mycorrhizal research has focused on three main areas. Firstly, the assessment of the mycorrhizal states of different plant species, and the identification of the fungal partners involved, has been, and continues to be, of fundamental importance. The determination of mycorrhizal status is a complex issue. An assortment of fungi can be found growing within plant roots and their trophic relationships with the host can range from parasitic to commensal and can vary with the health and developmental stage of the plant. Theoretically, mycorrhizal associations are understood as being mutualistic with the type and degree of benefit to each partner varying with on mycorrhizal type. In practical terms, mycorrhizas have been identified based on the morphology of the fungal tissues observed in and on roots, and the morphological responses of roots to the fungi. Mycorrhizal status, in a functional sense, is usually only inferred for both partners, especially if the familiar morphology of the “fungus-root” is re-established in resynthesis trials. Determining the identity of the fungal partner(s) in a mycorrhiza is also problematic considering that there may be 1.5 million species of fungi in the world yet only 69,000 or approximately 5% have so far been describedandnamed (Hawksworth 1991).

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  1. S. Hambleton

    Present address: Eastern Crops and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada

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  1. Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada

    S. Hambleton & R. S. Currah

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  1. Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Vienna, Austria

    S. Mohan Jain

  2. Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA

    Subhash C. Minocha

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Hambleton, S., Currah, R.S. (2000). Molecular Characterization of the Mycorrhizas of Woody Plants. In: Jain, S.M., Minocha, S.C. (eds) Molecular Biology of Woody Plants. Forestry Sciences, vol 66. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2313-8_16

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