Skip to main content

Somatic embryogenesis in jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis)

  • Chapter
Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants

Part of the book series: Forestry Sciences ((FOSC,volume 67))

Abstract

Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider, commonly known as “jojoba” or “hohoba”. is a dioecious, evergreen perennial plant belonging to the monotypic family Simmondsiaceae. It is a native of Sonoran desert of the south western United States of America, north western Mexico and Baja California (Gentry, 1958; Benzioni, 1995). This species is distributed over about 256,000 square km area from 25 to 31° North latitude and from 109 to 117° West longitude (Gentry, 1958).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Abbreviations

2,4-D:

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

2iP/IPA:

N6-(2-isopentenyl) adenine

AC:

activated charcoal

BA/BAP:

N6-benzyladenine

CW:

coconut water

d.:

days

GA3/GA:

gibberellic acid

IAA:

indole-3-acetic acid

IBA:

indole-3-butyric acid

K:

kinetin

m:

meter

MS:

Murashige & Skoog’s (1962) medium

NAA:

α-naphthaleneacetic acid

PVP:

polyvinylpyrrolidone

SH:

Schenk & Hildebrandt’s (1972) medium

Zea:

zeatin

References

  • Agrawal, V., S. Prakash and S.C. Gupta. 1996. In vitro plantlet regeneration via juvenile explants of jojoba (S. chinensis) - a promising petro crop. Proc. Int. Conf. Biotech. Biodiv., p. 4 ( Abstr. ). Kathmandu.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agrawal, V., S. Prakash and S.C. Gupta. 1998. Differential hormonal requirements for male and female jojoba plants. IX Int. Cong. Pl. Tiss. Cell Cult., p. 22. ( Abstr. ). Jerusalem.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agrawal, V., S. Prakash and S.C. Gupta. 1999. Differential hormonal requirements for male and female jojoba plants. In: A. Altman, S. lzhar and M. Ziv (Eds.), Proceedings IX Int. Cong. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (In Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Ani, H.A., B.R. Strain and H.A. Mooney. 1972. The physiological ecology of diverse populations of the desert shrub, Simmondsia chinensis. J. Ecol. 60: 41–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ammirato, P.V. 1987. Organizational events during somatic embryogenesis. In: C.E. Green. D.A. Sommer, W.P. Mackett and D.D. Bieshboer (Eds.), Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Plant Biology, Vol. 3, pp. 57–81. Alan, R. Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous. 1985. Jojoba: New Crop for Arid Lands, New Raw Material for Industry. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy Press, Washington. D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aragao, G.M. 1977. Growth and morphogenesis of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider) shoot tips in vitro. Dissertation, Univ. Arizona, Tucsan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arce, P. and M. Jordan. 1988. Evaluation of regenerative responses in explants of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis Link) cultured in vitro using cuttings. Simiente 58: 40 (Abstr.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayerza, R. 1993. Effect of irrigation on jojoba production under arid chaco conditions: II - seed yields and wax quality. J. Amer, Oil Chem. Soc. 70: 1225–1228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benzioni, A. 1995. Jojoba domestication and commercialization in Israel. Hort. Rev. 17: 233–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benzioni, A. and M. Forti. 1985. Jojoba. In: R.K. Downey, G. Robbelen and A. Ashri (Eds.), Oil Crops of the World, pp. 448–461. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhatia. V.K. and I.B. Gulati. 1981. Chemistry and utilization of oil of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis Schneider). J. Sci. Indust. Res. 40: 45–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binman, S., S. Belfer and A. Shani. 1996. Functionalization at the double-bond region of jojoba oil. 7. Chemical binding of jojoba liquid wax to polystyrene resins. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 73: 1075–1081.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaum, E. 1978. Simmondsia chinensis: studies by tissue culture. In: A.W. Alferman and E. Reinhard (Eds.), Production of Natural Compounds by Cell Culture Methods, pp. 243–251. Strahlen und Umwiltforschung MBH, Munchen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaturvedi, H.C. and M. Sharma. 1989. In vitro production of cloned plants of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider) through shoot proliferation in long term culture. PI. Sci. 63: 199–207.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daugherty, P.M., H.H. Sineath and T.A. Wastler. 1958. Industrial raw materials of plant origin. IV. A survey of Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba). Eco. Bot. 12: 296–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentry, H.S. 1958. The natural history of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) and its cultural aspects. Eco. Bot. 12: 261–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greene, R.A. and E.D. Foster. 1933. The liquid wax of seeds of Simmondsia californica. Bot. Gaz. 94: 826–828.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green, T.G., T.P. Hilditch and W J. Stainsby. 1936. The seed wax of Simmondsia californica. J. Chem. Soc. Pt. II: 1750–1755.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harsh, L.N., J.C. Tewari, D.S. Patwal and G.L. Meena. 1987. Package and practices for cultivation of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) in arid zone. Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haissig, B.E., N.D. Nelson and G.H. Kidd. 1987. Trends in the use of tissue culture in forest improvement. Bio/Technology 5: 52–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacoboni, A. and A. Standardi. 1987. Tissue culture of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis Link). Acta Hortic. 212: 557–560.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kato, M. 1996. Somatic embryogenesis from immature leaves of in vitro grown tea shoots. PI. Cell Rep. 15: 920–923.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laidig, G.L., E.G. Knox and R.A. Buchanan. 1984. Under exploited crops. In: P.V. Ammirato, D.A. Evans, W.R. Sharp and Y. Yamada (Eds.), Hand Book of Plant Cell Culture’, Vol. III, Crop Species, pp. 38–63. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C.W. 1988. Application of plant biotechnology for clonal propagation and yield enhancement in jojoba. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 65: 28 (Abstr.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C.W. and J.C. Thomas. 1985. Jojoba embryo culture and oil production. Hort. Sci. 20: 762–764.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C.W., J.C. Thomas and R.L. Price. 1984. Jojoba oil from tissue culture generated asexual embryos. In vitro 20: 279 (Abstr.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Litz, R.E. 1988. Somatic embryogenesis from cultured leaf explants of the tropical tree Euphoria longan Stend. J. Pl. Physiol. 132: 190–193.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandani, A., C.W. Lee and L. Hogan. 1978. In vitro propagation of Simmondsia chinensis via shoot tip culture. Hort. Sci. 13: 35 (Abstr.).

    Google Scholar 

  • McKersie, B.D. and S.D.N. Van Acker. 1994. Artificial seeds: a comparison of desiccation tolerance in zygotic and somatic embryos. In: P.D. Shargool and T.T. Ngo (Eds.), Biotechnological Applications of Plant Cultures, pp. 129–150. CRC Press, Boca Raton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mirov, N.T. 1952. Simmondsia or jojoba–problem in economic botany. Eco. Bot, 6: 41–47.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miwa, T.K. 1971. Jojoba wax esters and derived fatty acids and alcohols: gas chromatographic analysis. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 48: 259–264.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohamed-Yasseen, Y. and W.E. Splittstoesser. 1995. Somatic embryogenesis from leaf of witloof chicory through suspension culture. Pl. Cell Rep. 14: 804–806.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murashige, T. and F. Skoog. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473–497.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pal, A., A. Banerjee and K. Dhar. 1985. In vitro organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants of Leucosceptrum corum. PI. Cell Rep. 4: 281–284.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pedroso, M.C. and M.S. Pais. 1993. Direct embryo formation in leaves of Camellia japonica L. P1. Cell Rep. 12: 639–643.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prakash, S., V. Agrawal and S.C. Gupta. 1997. High efficiency in vitro clonal propagation of female jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) plants. Proc. Nat. Symp. Emerg. Trends PI. Tiss. Cult. Moi. Biol., p. 41 ( Abstr.). Osmania Univ., Hyderabad.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao, P.S. and V.A. Bapat. I995. Somatic embryogenesis in sandalwood (Santalum album L.). In: S.M. Jain, P.K. Gupta and R.J. Newton (Eds.), Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, Vol. 2 - Angiosperms, pp. 153–170. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, A.V., K. Yokoya, S. Walker and J. Mottley. 1995. Somatic embryogenesis in Rosa spp. In: S.M. Jain, P.K. Gupta and R.J. Netwon (Eds.), Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, Vol. 2–Angiosperms, pp. 277–289. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rost, T.L. and M.A.W. Hinchee. 1980. Preliminary report of the production of callus, organogenesis and regeneration of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis, Link, Schneid.) in tissue culture. J. Hort. Sci. 55: 299–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rout, G.R., B.K. Debata and P. Das. 1991. Somatic embryogenesis in callus cultures of Rosa hybrida L. cv. ’LancdoraI. Pl. Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 27: 65–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez, N., M. Martinez, J. Aràcil and A.’Corma. 1992. Synthesis of oleyl oleate as a jojoba oil analog. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 69: 1150–1153.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scaramuzzi, F. and A. D’ Ambrosio. 1988. Organogenesis and propagation “in vitro” of Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schn. (jojoba) from vegetative fragments. Acta Hortic. 227: 411–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schenk, R.U. and A.C. Hildebrandt. 1972. Medium and techniques for induction and growth of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant cell cultures. Can. J. Bot. 50: 199–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, W.R., M.R. Sondhal, R.S. Caldas and S.B. Maraffa. 1980. The physiology of in vitro asexual embryogenesis. Hort. Rev. 2: 268–310.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sondhal, M.R. and W.R. Sharp. 1977. High frequency induction of somatic embryos in cultured leaf explants of Coffea arabica L. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 81: 395–408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stamp, J.A. and C.P. Meredith. 1988. Proliferative somatic embryogenesis from z’gotic embryos of grapevine. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 113: 941–945.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verbiscar, A.J. and T.F. Banigan. 1983. Jojoba seed meal as an animal feed. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 60: 746 (Abstr.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y.C. and J. Janick. 1986. Somatic embryogenesis in jojoba. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 111: 281–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, E.G. and G. Maheswaran. 1986. Somatic embryogenesis: factors influencing. coordinated behaviour of cells as an embryogenic group. Ann. Bot. 57: 443–463.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wisniak, J. and H. Benajahu. 1978. Sulfur bromination of jojoba oil. Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 17: 335–342.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wochok, Z. and C.J. Sluis. 1979. Micropropagation of jojoba improvement programs. Jojoba Happenings 26: 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yermanos, D.M. 1974. Agronomic survey of jojoba in California. Eco. Bot. 28: 161–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yermanos, D.M. and C.C. Duncan. 1975. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of jojoba seed. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 53: 80–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, R.K., V. Kaul and E.G. Williams. 1987. Clonal propagation in vitro from immature embryos and flower buds of Lycopersicum peruvianum and L. esculentum. PI. Sci. 52: 237–242.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Agrawal, V., Prakash, S., Gupta, S.C. (2000). Somatic embryogenesis in jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis). In: Jain, S.M., Gupta, P.K., Newton, R.J. (eds) Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants. Forestry Sciences, vol 67. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3030-3_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3030-3_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5508-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-3030-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics