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Tumor-Derived Exosomes in Metastasis Signaling and Implications

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Intercellular Communication in Cancer

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Abstract

Genome-wide studies for decoding molecular mechanisms of tumor cell-host interactions associated with cancer progression have revealed a determinant role for exosome-mediated intercellular communications in metastasis signaling. Exosomes are specialized plasma membrane-bound nanovesicles secreted under physiological conditions by various cells to regulate tissue homeostasis and immune response. In cancer, overproduction of exosomes and/or changes in their contents are common features of many cancer cell types and can bear unique molecular signatures reminiscent to the cancer phenotype. Exosomes mediate paracrine signaling required for cross-talks between tumor cells and the host stromal and infiltrating inflammatory and immune cells within the tumor tissue microenvironment as well as distant metastatic niches. Exosomes promote cancer invasiveness at multiple levels of the metastatic cascades favoring a permissive environment for cell survival and growth. This review focuses specifically on the implication of cancer-associated exosomes for cell signaling that promotes metastasis development. For detailed biochemical and molecular studies addressing exosome biology, we refer the reader to selected seminal studies in the field.

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Abbreviations

Alix:

ALG-2-interacting protein X

c-Met:

Hepatocyte growth factor receptor

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

FasL:

Fas ligand

HER-2:

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2

HIF-1α:

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha

hnRNPA2B1:

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleo protein A2B1

ICAM1:

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1

LAMP:

Lysosome-associated membrane protein

LFA1:

Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1

Mdh1:

Malate dehydrogenase 1

MDR1:

Multidrug resistance protein 1

MFGE8:

Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein

MMP:

Matrix metallopeptidase

MVB:

Multivesicular bodies

PD-1:

Programmed cell death protein 1

Pgm1:

Phosphoglucomutase

PK:

Pyruvate kinases

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor beta

TGF-βR:

Transforming growth factor beta receptor

TNFα:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Tsg101:

Tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VEGR:

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Segal Cancer Center and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

    Yuan Hang Cao, Krikor Bijian, Maisa I. Alkailani & Moulay A. Alaoui-Jamali

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  1. Yuan Hang Cao
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  2. Krikor Bijian
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  3. Maisa I. Alkailani
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  4. Moulay A. Alaoui-Jamali
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Correspondence to Moulay A. Alaoui-Jamali .

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  1. Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA

    Mustapha Kandouz

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Cao, Y.H., Bijian, K., Alkailani, M.I., Alaoui-Jamali, M.A. (2015). Tumor-Derived Exosomes in Metastasis Signaling and Implications. In: Kandouz, M. (eds) Intercellular Communication in Cancer. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7380-5_7

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