Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Measuring and Understanding Ultrafast Phenomena Using X-Rays

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
The Future of Dynamic Structural Science

Abstract

Within the last decade, significant advances in X-ray sources and instrumentation as well as simultaneous developments in analysis methodology has allowed the field of fast- and ultrafast time-resolved X-ray studies of solution-state systems to truly come of age. We here describe some aspects of the physics involved as well as the experimental methodology that have facilitated this development. Building on this foundation, we discuss how the information-poor, but time-resolved (difference) scattering signals can be analyzed in a quantitative model-comparison framework to provide robust information on sub-Ã…ngstrom structural changes taking place on femtosecond to nanosecond time scales. We illustrate this approach by a presentation of recent results from the Centre for Molecular Movies at the Technical University of Denmark.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Warren BE (1990) X-ray diffraction. Dover Publications. ISBN: 0-486-66317-5. http://books.google.dk/books?id=wfLBhAbEYAsC&lpg=PP1&dq=warren%20x-ray&hl=da&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false

  2. Cromer DT, Mann JB (1968) X-ray scattering factors computed from numerical Hartree-Fock wave functions. Acta Crystallogr A 24:321–324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID¼C75730

  4. Ejdrup T et al (2009) Picosecond time-resolved laser pump/X-ray probe experiments using a gated single-photon-counting area detector. J Synchrotron Radiat 16:387–390

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Boesecke P, Diat O (1997) Small-angle X-ray scattering at the ESRF high-brilliance beamline. J Appl Crystallogr 30:867–871; Skinner LB et al (2012) Area detector corrections for high quality synchrotron X-ray structure factor measurements. Nucl Instrum Method A 662:61–70; and others

    Google Scholar 

  6. Taylor JR (1997) An introduction to error analysis: the study of uncertainties in physical measurements. University Science Books, Sausalito

    Google Scholar 

  7. Dent AJ et al (1991) The extraction of signal to noise values in x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 63:856–858

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Cammarata M et al (2006) Impulsive solvent heating probed by picosecond x-ray diffraction. J Chem Phys 124:1245041–1245049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Kjær K et al (2013) Introducing a standard method for experimental determination of the solvent response in laser pump, X-ray probe time-resolved wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments on systems in solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15:15003–15016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Haldrup K et al (2010) Analysis of time-resolved X-ray scattering data from solution-state systems. Acta Crystallogr A 66:261–269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ihee H et al (2005) Ultrafast X-ray diffraction of transient molecular structures in solution. Science 309:1223–1227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Press W et al (1988) Numerical recipes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (also available on the web)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Haldrup K et al (2012) Guest − host interactions investigated by time-resolved X‑ray spectroscopies and scattering at MHz rates: solvation dynamics and photoinduced spin transition in aqueous Fe(bipy)3 2+. J Phys Chem A 116:9878–9887

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Thiel D et al (1993) Microsecond-resolved XAFS of the triplet excited state of Pt2(P2O5H2)4− 4. Nature 362:40–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Christensen M et al (2009) Time-resolved X-ray scattering of an electronically excited state in solution. Structure of the 3A2u state of Tetrakis-μ-pyrophosphitodiplatinate(II). J Am Chem Soc 131:502–508

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Novozhilova I et al (2003) Theoretical analysis of the triplet excited state of the [Pt2(H2P2O5)4]4− ion and comparison with time-resolved X-ray and spectroscopic results. J Am Chem Soc 125:1079–1087

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Jun S et al (2010) Photochemistry of HgBr2 in methanol investigated using time-resolved X-ray liquidography. Phys Chem Chem Phys 12:11536–11547

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Smolentsev G et al (2007) Three-dimensional local structure refinement using a full-potential XANES analysis. Phys Rev B 75:144106-1-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Harvey P (2001) Chemistry, properties and applications of the assembling 1,8-diisocyano-p-menthane, 2,5-dimethyl-2’ ,5’-diisocyanohexane and 1,3-diisocyanopropane ligands and their coordination polynuclear complexes. Coord Chem Rev 219–221

    Google Scholar 

  20. Zipp A (1988) The behavior of the tetra-μ-pyrophosphito-di-platinum anion [Pt2(H2P2O5)4]4− and related species. Coord Chem Rev 84:17–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kim C et al (2002) Excited-state structure by time-resolved X-ray diffraction. Acta Crystallogr A 58:133–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Haldrup K et al (2009) Structural tracking of a bimolecular reaction in solution by time-resolved X-ray scattering. Angew Chem 48:4244–4248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Christensen M et al (2010) Structure of a short-lived excited state trinuclear Ag–Pt–Pt complex in aqueous solution by time resolved X-ray scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 12:6921–6923

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kong Q et al (2012) Theoretical study of the triplet excited state of PtPOP and the exciplexes M-PtPOP (M = Tl, Ag) in solution and comparison with ultrafast X-ray scattering results. Chem Phys 393:117–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Haldrup K et al (2011) Bond shortening (1.4 Å) in the singlet and triplet excited states of [Ir2(dimen)4]2+ in solution determined by time-resolved X-ray scattering. Inorg Chem 50:9329–9336

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. March A et al (2011) Development of high-repetition-rate laser pump/x-ray probe methodologies for synchrotron facilities. Rev Sci Instrum 82:073110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Lima F et al (2011) A high-repetition rate scheme for synchrotron-based picosecond laser pump/x-ray probe experiments on chemical and biological systems in solution. Rev Sci Instrum 82:063111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Ejdrup T et al (2009) Picosecond time-resolved laser pump/X-ray probe experiments using a gated single-photon-counting area detector. J Synchrotron Radiat 16:387–390

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Gawelda W et al (2009) Structural analysis of ultrafast extended x-ray absorption fine structure with subpicometer spatial resolution: application to spin crossover complexes. J Chem Phys 130:124520 1–9

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, NEXMAP Section, Centre for Molecular Movies, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

    Kristoffer Haldrup & Martin Meedom Nielsen

Authors
  1. Kristoffer Haldrup
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Martin Meedom Nielsen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Martin Meedom Nielsen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom

    Judith A.K. Howard

  2. School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

    Hazel A. Sparkes

  3. Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, United Kingdom

    Paul R. Raithby

  4. N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    Andrei V. Churakov

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this paper

Cite this paper

Haldrup, K., Nielsen, M.M. (2014). Measuring and Understanding Ultrafast Phenomena Using X-Rays. In: Howard, J., Sparkes, H., Raithby, P., Churakov, A. (eds) The Future of Dynamic Structural Science. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A: Chemistry and Biology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8550-1_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation