Abstract
Much has been accomplished in performance-based earthquake engineering over the past two decades. Processes have been established that facilitate probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, evaluation of relevant engineering demand parameters through advanced modeling and nonlinear response history analysis, quantification of damage measures and associated repair/replacement costs at the component level, and aggregation of losses for structural and nonstructural systems. The outcome is a probabilistic assessment of direct economic loss and collapse safety due to earthquakes. In contrast to assessment of structural collapse and direct losses, comparatively less has been accomplished in quantifying factors that affect downtime, business interruption, and community functions. These issues are critically important to bridge between performance of a single structure and the earthquake resilience of a community or region or country. A key aspect of resilience is looking beyond direct damage and losses to their implications on disaster response and recovery. From a societal perspective, resilience is the key challenge to mitigate the lasting effects of earthquakes. Drawing upon relevant research and recent initiatives in California to create more earthquake resilient communities, this paper explores challenges to improve performance-based engineering to address specific aspects of resilience.
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Acknowledgments
The concept for this paper was conceived of by Helmut Krawinkler as a collaborative effort with the second author. This collaboration was cut short by Helmut’s unexpected death on April 16, 2012, leaving the second author to fulfill Helmut’s vision for the paper. Apart from the specific references cited in the paper, the primary sources for this paper are the inspiration, knowledge and insights that Helmut shared over his career and at the Bled 4 workshop in June 2011.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of many colleagues and former students who have helped advance the state-of-art in PBEE and for financial support for their work by the National Science Foundation, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center, the Applied Technology Council (funded by FEMA and NIST), and the John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center at Stanford University. They are also grateful to the organizers and sponsors of the Bled 4 workshop, and in particular the tremendous contribution of Matej Fischinger in planning and hosting the workshop and producing the conference proceedings.
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Krawinkler, H., Deierlein, G.G. (2014). Challenges Towards Achieving Earthquake Resilience Through Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering. In: Fischinger, M. (eds) Performance-Based Seismic Engineering: Vision for an Earthquake Resilient Society. Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, vol 32. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8875-5_1
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